Myogenin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Myogenin (myogenic factor 4)

Identifiers

MYOG; MYF4; MYOGENIN

External IDs

OMIM: 159980 MGI: 97276 HomoloGene: 1854

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• transcription factor activity
Cellular Component:	• nucleus
Biological Process:	• regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • multicellular organismal development • striated muscle development • cell differentiation

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_002479 (mRNA)
NP_002470 (protein)

NM_031189 (mRNA)
NP_112466 (protein)

Location

Chr 1: 201.32 - 201.32 Mb

Chr 1: 136.11 - 136.11 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Myogenin (myogenic factor 4), also known as MYOG, is a human gene.^[1]

Myogenin is a muscle-specific transcription factor that can induce myogenesis in a variety of cell types in tissue culture. It is a member of a large family of proteins related by sequence homology, the helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins. It is essential for the development of functional skeletal muscle.^[1]

1 References
2 Further reading
3 References
4 External links

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: MYOG myogenin (myogenic factor 4).

[edit] Further reading

Weintraub H, Davis R, Tapscott S, et al. (1991). "The myoD gene family: nodal point during specification of the muscle cell lineage.". Science 251 (4995): 761–6. PMID 1846704.
Chakraborty T, Martin JF, Olson EN (1992). "Analysis of the oligomerization of myogenin and E2A products in vivo using a two-hybrid assay system.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17498–501. PMID 1325437.
Funk WD, Wright WE (1992). "Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, and COMP1 factor.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (20): 9484–8. PMID 1329097.
Lassar AB, Davis RL, Wright WE, et al. (1991). "Functional activity of myogenic HLH proteins requires hetero-oligomerization with E12/E47-like proteins in vivo.". Cell 66 (2): 305–15. PMID 1649701.
Salminen A, Braun T, Buchberger A, et al. (1991). "Transcription of the muscle regulatory gene Myf4 is regulated by serum components, peptide growth factors and signaling pathways involving G proteins.". J. Cell Biol. 115 (4): 905–17. PMID 1659574.
Pearson-White SH (1991). "Human MyoD: cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence.". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (5): 1148. PMID 1850513.
Olson E, Edmondson D, Wright WE, et al. (1991). "Myogenin is in an evolutionarily conserved linkage group on human chromosome 1q31-q41 and unlinked to other mapped muscle regulatory factor genes.". Genomics 8 (3): 427–34. PMID 1962752.
Brennan TJ, Olson EN (1990). "Myogenin resides in the nucleus and acquires high affinity for a conserved enhancer element on heterodimerization.". Genes Dev. 4 (4): 582–95. PMID 2163343.
Braun T, Bober E, Buschhausen-Denker G, et al. (1990). "Differential expression of myogenic determination genes in muscle cells: possible autoactivation by the Myf gene products.". EMBO J. 8 (12): 3617–25. PMID 2583111.
Groisman R, Masutani H, Leibovitch MP, et al. (1996). "Physical interaction between the mitogen-responsive serum response factor and myogenic basic-helix-loop-helix proteins.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (9): 5258–64. PMID 8617811.
Chen CM, Kraut N, Groudine M, Weintraub H (1996). "I-mf, a novel myogenic repressor, interacts with members of the MyoD family.". Cell 86 (5): 731–41. PMID 8797820.
Kong Y, Flick MJ, Kudla AJ, Konieczny SF (1997). "Muscle LIM protein promotes myogenesis by enhancing the activity of MyoD.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (8): 4750–60. PMID 9234731.
Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV (1997). "Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (32): 19785–93. PMID 9242638.
Biesiada E, Hamamori Y, Kedes L, Sartorelli V (1999). "Myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins and Sp1 interact as components of a multiprotein transcriptional complex required for activity of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (4): 2577–84. PMID 10082523.
Tseng BS, Cavin ST, Hoffman EP, et al. (1999). "Human bHLH transcription factor gene myogenin (MYOG): genomic sequence and negative mutation analysis in patients with severe congenital myopathies.". Genomics 57 (3): 419–23. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5719. PMID 10329008.
Knoepfler PS, Bergstrom DA, Uetsuki T, et al. (1999). "A conserved motif N-terminal to the DNA-binding domains of myogenic bHLH transcription factors mediates cooperative DNA binding with pbx-Meis1/Prep1.". Nucleic Acids Res. 27 (18): 3752–61. PMID 10471746.
Onions J, Hermann S, Grundström T (2000). "A novel type of calmodulin interaction in the inhibition of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors.". Biochemistry 39 (15): 4366–74. PMID 10757985.
Corbi N, Di Padova M, De Angelis R, et al. (2002). "The alpha-like RNA polymerase II core subunit 3 (RPB3) is involved in tissue-specific transcription and muscle differentiation via interaction with the myogenic factor myogenin.". FASEB J. 16 (12): 1639–41. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0123fje. PMID 12207009.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.

Myogenin is a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor expressed during the development, maintenance, and repair of skeletal muscle. Myogenin belongs to the MyoD family of bHLH transcription factors, which also include MyoD, Myf5, and MRF4.^[1] In particular, it is a myogenic regulatory factor (MRF). When the DNA coding for myogenin was knocked out of the mouse genome, severe skeletal muscle defects were observed. Mice lacking both copies of myogenin (homozygous-null) suffer from perinatal lethality due to the lack of mature secondary skeletal muscle fibers throughout the body.^[2]

somite -----(myoD/myf5)------> myoblast -----(myogenin/MRF4)------> myotube

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: MYOG myogenin (myogenic factor 4).

[edit] External links

MeSH Myogenin

This article on a gene on chromosome 1 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

v • d • e

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • BATF • BLZF1 • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3, L1) • CREM • DBP • DDIT3 • GABPA • HLF • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NFE (2, L1, L2) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • HES1 • HIF (1A, 3A) • ID (1, 2, 3, 4) • LYL1 • MXD4 • MYCL1 • MYCN • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenins • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Scleraxis • TAL1 • Twist • USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	MAX • MITF • MNT • MLX • MXI1 • Myc • SREBP (1, 2)

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2

(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)	subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)

(2.2) Other Cys₄	GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • MTA (1, 2, 3)

(2.3) Cys₂His₂	ATBF1 • BCL(6, 11A, 11B) • CTCF • E4F1 • EGR (2, 3) • ERV3 • General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF: 1, 2, TFIIH: 1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2) • GFI1 • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • HIC (1, 2) • HIVEP (1, 2, 3) • IKZF (1, 2, 3) • ILF (2, 3) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) • MTF1 • MYT1 • OSR1 • Sp1 • zinc finger ((3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33)

(2.4) Cys₆	HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition	AIRE • DIDO1 • GRLF1 • ING (1, 2, 4) • JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) • JMJD1B

(3) Helix-turn-helix
domains

(3.1) Homeo domain	ARX • CDX (1, 2) • CRX • CUTL1 • DLX (3, 4, 5) • EMX2 • EN (1, 2) • FHL (1, 2, 3) • HESX1 • HHEX • HLX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • HOPX • MEIS (1, 2) • MEOX2 • MNX1 • MSX (1, 2) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • PHF (3, 6, 10, 17) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7) • OTX (1, 2) • PDX1

(3.2) Paired box	PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1A, , O3A, O4, P1, P2, P3)

(3.4) Heat Shock Factors	HSF (1, 2, 4)

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF (4, 5) • EGF • ELK (1, 3, 4) • ERF • ERG • ETS (1, 2) • ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) • FLI1 • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB • MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2

(4) β-Scaffold factors with
minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)

(4.2) STAT	STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

(4.3) p53	p53

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF

(4.7) High mobility group	HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18) • SRY • SSRP1

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA, YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)

(0) Other
transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA (1, 2) • HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb • RBL1 • RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 • EREBP • B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • IFI (16, 35) • MLL (2, 3, T1) • MNDA • NFI (A, B, C, X) • NFY (A, B, C) • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD

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Myogenin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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