HMGA1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

High mobility group AT-hook 1

Identifiers

HMGA1; HMG-R; HMGIY; MGC12816; MGC4242; MGC4854

External IDs

OMIM: 600701 MGI: 96160 HomoloGene: 32332

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• DNA binding • AT DNA binding • transcription factor activity • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity • peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding • retinoid X receptor binding
Cellular Component:	• chromatin • nucleus • transcription factor complex • chromosome
Biological Process:	• DNA unwinding during replication • nucleosome disassembly • loss of chromatin silencing • transcription • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • protein complex assembly • chromosome organization and biogenesis (sensu Eukaryota) • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway • positive regulation of transcription

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_002131 (mRNA)
NP_002122 (protein)

NM_001025427 (mRNA)
NP_001020598 (protein)

Location

Chr 6: 34.31 - 34.32 Mb

Chr 17: 27.28 - 27.29 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

High mobility group AT-hook 1, also known as HMGA1, is a human gene.

This gene encodes a non-histone protein involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inducible gene transcription, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells. The encoded protein preferentially binds to the minor groove of A+T-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It has little secondary structure in solution but assumes distinct conformations when bound to substrates such as DNA or other proteins. The encoded protein is frequently acetylated and is found in the nucleus. At least seven transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[1]

1 See also
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External links

[edit] See also

HMGA

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: HMGA1 high mobility group AT-hook 1.

[edit] Further reading

Reeves R, Beckerbauer L (2001). "HMGI/Y proteins: flexible regulators of transcription and chromatin structure.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1519 (1-2): 13–29. PMID 11406267.
Hui H, Perfetti R (2002). "Pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 regulates pancreas development during embryogenesis and islet cell function in adulthood.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 146 (2): 129–41. PMID 11834421.
Van Maele B, Debyser Z (2005). "HIV-1 integration: an interplay between HIV-1 integrase, cellular and viral proteins.". AIDS reviews 7 (1): 26–43. PMID 15875659.
Van Maele B, Busschots K, Vandekerckhove L, et al. (2006). "Cellular co-factors of HIV-1 integration.". Trends Biochem. Sci. 31 (2): 98–105. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.12.002. PMID 16403635.
Reeves R, Nissen MS (1990). "The A.T-DNA-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal proteins. A novel peptide motif for recognizing DNA structure.". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (15): 8573–82. PMID 1692833.
Nissen MS, Langan TA, Reeves R (1991). "Phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase modulates DNA binding activity of high mobility group I nonhistone chromatin protein.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (30): 19945–52. PMID 1939057.
Eckner R, Birnstiel ML (1989). "Cloning of cDNAs coding for human HMG I and HMG Y proteins: both are capable of binding to the octamer sequence motif.". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (15): 5947–59. PMID 2505228.
Johnson KR, Lehn DA, Reeves R (1989). "Alternative processing of mRNAs encoding mammalian chromosomal high-mobility-group proteins HMG-I and HMG-Y.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 9 (5): 2114–23. PMID 2701943.
Palvimo J, Linnala-Kankkunen A (1989). "Identification of sites on chromosomal protein HMG-I phosphorylated by casein kinase II.". FEBS Lett. 257 (1): 101–4. PMID 2806554.
Karlson JR, Mørk E, Holtlund J, et al. (1989). "The amino acid sequence of the chromosomal protein HMG-Y, its relation to HMG-I and possible domains for the preferential binding of the proteins to stretches of A-T base pairs.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158 (3): 646–51. PMID 2920035.
Lund T, Dahl KH, Mørk E, et al. (1987). "The human chromosomal protein HMG I contains two identical palindrome amino acid sequences.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 146 (2): 725–30. PMID 3619901.
Leger H, Sock E, Renner K, et al. (1995). "Functional interaction between the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct-6 and the high-mobility-group protein HMG-I/Y.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (7): 3738–47. PMID 7791781.
John S, Reeves RB, Lin JX, et al. (1995). "Regulation of cell-type-specific interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene expression: potential role of physical interactions between Elf-1, HMG-I(Y), and NF-kappa B family proteins.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (3): 1786–96. PMID 7862168.
Friedmann M, Holth LT, Zoghbi HY, Reeves R (1993). "Organization, inducible-expression and chromosome localization of the human HMG-I(Y) nonhistone protein gene.". Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (18): 4259–67. PMID 8414980.
Farnet CM, Bushman FD (1997). "HIV-1 cDNA integration: requirement of HMG I(Y) protein for function of preintegration complexes in vitro.". Cell 88 (4): 483–92. PMID 9038339.
Miller MD, Farnet CM, Bushman FD (1997). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes: studies of organization and composition.". J. Virol. 71 (7): 5382–90. PMID 9188609.
Huth JR, Bewley CA, Nissen MS, et al. (1997). "The solution structure of an HMG-I(Y)-DNA complex defines a new architectural minor groove binding motif.". Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (8): 657–65. PMID 9253416.
Currie RA (1998). "Functional interaction between the DNA binding subunit trimerization domain of NF-Y and the high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y).". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (49): 30880–8. PMID 9388234.
Chin MT, Pellacani A, Wang H, et al. (1998). "Enhancement of serum-response factor-dependent transcription and DNA binding by the architectural transcription factor HMG-I(Y).". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (16): 9755–60. PMID 9545312.
Chiappetta G, Tallini G, De Biasio MC, et al. (1998). "Detection of high mobility group I HMGI(Y) protein in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors: HMGI(Y) expression represents a potential diagnostic indicator of carcinoma.". Cancer Res. 58 (18): 4193–8. PMID 9751634.

[edit] External links

MeSH HMGA1+protein,+human

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

v • d • e

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • BATF • BLZF1 • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3, L1) • CREM • DBP • DDIT3 • GABPA • HLF • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NFE (2, L1, L2) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • HES1 • HIF (1A, 3A) • ID (1, 2, 3, 4) • LYL1 • MXD4 • MYCL1 • MYCN • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenins • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Scleraxis • TAL1 • Twist • USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	MAX • MITF • MNT • MLX • MXI1 • Myc • SREBP (1, 2)

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2

(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)	subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)

(2.2) Other Cys₄	GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • MTA (1, 2, 3)

(2.3) Cys₂His₂	ATBF1 • BCL(6, 11A, 11B) • CTCF • E4F1 • EGR (2, 3) • ERV3 • General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF: 1, 2, TFIIH: 1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2) • GFI1 • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • HIC (1, 2) • HIVEP (1, 2, 3) • IKZF (1, 2, 3) • ILF (2, 3) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) • MTF1 • MYT1 • OSR1 • Sp1 • zinc finger ((3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33)

(2.4) Cys₆	HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition	AIRE • DIDO1 • GRLF1 • ING (1, 2, 4) • JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) • JMJD1B

(3) Helix-turn-helix
domains

(3.1) Homeo domain	ARX • CDX (1, 2) • CRX • CUTL1 • DLX (3, 4, 5) • EMX2 • EN (1, 2) • FHL (1, 2, 3) • HESX1 • HHEX • HLX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • HOPX • MEIS (1, 2) • MEOX2 • MNX1 • MSX (1, 2) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • PHF (3, 6, 10, 17) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7) • OTX (1, 2) • PDX1

(3.2) Paired box	PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1A, , O3A, O4, P1, P2, P3)

(3.4) Heat Shock Factors	HSF (1, 2, 4)

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF (4, 5) • EGF • ELK (1, 3, 4) • ERF • ERG • ETS (1, 2) • ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) • FLI1 • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB • MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2

(4) β-Scaffold factors with
minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)

(4.2) STAT	STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

(4.3) p53	p53

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF

(4.7) High mobility group	HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18) • SRY • SSRP1

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA, YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)

(0) Other
transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA (1, 2) • HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb • RBL1 • RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 • EREBP • B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • IFI (16, 35) • MLL (2, 3, T1) • MNDA • NFI (A, B, C, X) • NFY (A, B, C) • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD