GNRHR

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Identifiers

GNRHR; GNRHR1; GRHR; LHRHR; LRHR

External IDs

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• rhodopsin-like receptor activity • receptor activity • gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Cellular Component:	• integral to plasma membrane • membrane
Biological Process:	• signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • multicellular organismal development

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_000406 (mRNA)
NP_000397 (protein)

NM_010323 (mRNA)
NP_034453 (protein)

Location

Chr 4: 68.29 - 68.3 Mb

Chr 5: 87.26 - 87.27 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, also known as GNRHR, is a human gene.^[1]

This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene.^[1]

[edit] See also

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: GNRHR gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

[edit] Further reading

Michel U, Farnworth P, Findlay JK (1993). "Follistatins: more than follicle-stimulating hormone suppressing proteins.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 91 (1-2): 1–11. PMID 8472841.
Flanagan CA, Millar RP, Illing N (1998). "Advances in understanding gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor structure and ligand interactions.". Rev. Reprod. 2 (2): 113–20. PMID 9414473.
Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans.". Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 24 (4): 279–95. PMID 14726258.
Bédécarrats GY, Kaiser UB (2007). "Mutations in the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: insights into receptor biology and function.". Semin. Reprod. Med. 25 (5): 368–78. doi:10.1055/s-2007-984743. PMID 17710733.
Kakar SS, Musgrove LC, Devor DC, et al. (1992). "Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189 (1): 289–95. PMID 1333190.
Kakar SS, Grizzle WE, Neill JD (1995). "The nucleotide sequences of human GnRH receptors in breast and ovarian tumors are identical with that found in pituitary.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 106 (1-2): 145–9. PMID 7534732.
Leung PC, Squire J, Peng C, et al. (1995). "Mapping of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene to human chromosome 4q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.". Mamm. Genome 6 (4): 309–10. PMID 7613048.
Fan NC, Peng C, Krisinger J, Leung PC (1995). "The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene: complete structure including multiple promoters, transcription initiation sites, and polyadenylation signals.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 107 (2): R1–8. PMID 7768323.
Fan NC, Jeung EB, Peng C, et al. (1994). "The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene: cloning, genomic organization and chromosomal assignment.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 103 (1-2): R1–6. PMID 7958384.
Chi L, Zhou W, Prikhozhan A, et al. (1993). "Cloning and characterization of the human GnRH receptor.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 91 (1-2): R1–6. PMID 8386108.
Grosse R, Schöneberg T, Schultz G, Gudermann T (1997). "Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling by expression of a splice variant of the human receptor.". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (9): 1305–18. PMID 9259321.
Kakar SS (1997). "Molecular structure of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137 (2): 183–92. PMID 9272108.
de Roux N, Young J, Misrahi M, et al. (1997). "A family with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and mutations in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.". N. Engl. J. Med. 337 (22): 1597–602. PMID 9371856.
Layman LC, Cohen DP, Jin M, et al. (1998). "Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.". Nat. Genet. 18 (1): 14–5. doi:10.1038/ng0198-14. PMID 9425890.
de Roux N, Young J, Brailly-Tabard S, et al. (1999). "The same molecular defects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor determine a variable degree of hypogonadism in affected kindred.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (2): 567–72. PMID 10022417.
Caron P, Chauvin S, Christin-Maitre S, et al. (1999). "Resistance of hypogonadic patients with mutated GnRH receptor genes to pulsatile GnRH administration.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (3): 990–6. PMID 10084584.
Kottler ML, Bergametti F, Carrë MC, et al. (1999). "Tissue-specific pattern of variant transcripts of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 140 (6): 561–9. PMID 10366411.
Pralong FP, Gomez F, Castillo E, et al. (1999). "Complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with a novel inactivating mutation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (10): 3811–6. PMID 10523035.

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v • d • e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Class B: Secretin like	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone	Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))

Frizzled / Smoothened	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened