Glucagon receptor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Glucagon receptor

Identifiers

GCGR; GGR; MGC138246

External IDs

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• receptor activity • G-protein coupled receptor activity • glucagon receptor activity
Cellular Component:	• plasma membrane • integral to membrane
Biological Process:	• generation of precursor metabolites and energy • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger • response to nutrient • blood pressure regulation

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

n/a

n/a

Refseq

NM_000160 (mRNA)
NP_000151 (protein)

NM_008101 (mRNA)
NP_032127 (protein)

Location

n/a

Chr 11: 120.35 - 120.36 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa peptide that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the G-protein coupled family of receptors, coupled to G_s.^[1] Stimulation of the receptor results in activation of adenylate cyclase and increased levels of intracellular cAMP.

Glucagon receptors are mainly expressed in liver and in kidney with lesser amounts found in heart, adipose tissue, spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, cerebral cortex, and gastrointestinal tract.

[edit] References

^ Brubaker PL, Drucker DJ (2002). "Structure-function of the glucagon receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors: the glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 receptors" (^{[dead link]}). Recept. Channels 8 (3-4): 179–88. PMID 12529935.

[edit] Further reading

Levey GS, Weiss SR, Ruiz E (1975). "Characterization of the glucagon receptor in a pheochromocytoma.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40 (4): 720–3. PMID 165216.
Nakamura S, Rodbell M (1991). "Glucagon induces disaggregation of polymer-like structures of the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein in liver membranes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (16): 7150–4. PMID 1908089.
Horuk R, Wright DE (1983). "Partial purification and characterization of the glucagon receptor.". FEBS Lett. 155 (2): 213–7. PMID 6303843.
MacNeil DJ, Occi JL, Hey PJ, et al. (1994). "Cloning and expression of a human glucagon receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198 (1): 328–34. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1046. PMID 7507321.
Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Yamato E, et al. (1995). "A mutation in the glucagon receptor gene (Gly40Ser): heterogeneity in the association with diabetes mellitus.". Diabetologia 38 (8): 983–5. PMID 7589886.
Hager J, Hansen L, Vaisse C, et al. (1995). "A missense mutation in the glucagon receptor gene is associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.". Nat. Genet. 9 (3): 299–304. doi:10.1038/ng0395-299. PMID 7773293.
Menzel S, Stoffel M, Espinosa R, et al. (1994). "Localization of the glucagon receptor gene to human chromosome band 17q25.". Genomics 20 (2): 327–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1179. PMID 8020989.
Lok S, Kuijper JL, Jelinek LJ, et al. (1994). "The human glucagon receptor encoding gene: structure, cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization.". Gene 140 (2): 203–9. PMID 8144028.
Unson CG, Macdonald D, Merrifield RB (1993). "The role of histidine-1 in glucagon action.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300 (2): 747–50. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1103. PMID 8382034.
Chambers SM, Morris BJ (1996). "Glucagon receptor gene mutation in essential hypertension.". Nat. Genet. 12 (2): 122. doi:10.1038/ng0296-122. PMID 8563746.
Yamato E, Ikegami H, Takekawa K, et al. (1997). "Tissue-specific and glucose-dependent expression of receptor genes for glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).". Horm. Metab. Res. 29 (2): 56–9. PMID 9105899.
Strazzullo P, Iacone R, Siani A, et al. (2001). "Altered renal sodium handling and hypertension in men carrying the glucagon receptor gene (Gly40Ser) variant.". J. Mol. Med. 79 (10): 574–80. doi:10.1007/s001090100257. PMID 11692154.
Shiota D, Kasamatsu T, Dib SA, et al. (2002). "Role of the Gly40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.". Pancreas 24 (4): 386–90. PMID 11961492.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
Runge S, Gram C, Brauner-Osborne H, et al. (2003). "Three distinct epitopes on the extracellular face of the glucagon receptor determine specificity for the glucagon amino terminus.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (30): 28005–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301085200. PMID 12724331.
Hassel S, Eichner A, Yakymovych M, et al. (2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.". Proteomics 4 (5): 1346–58. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300770. PMID 15188402.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
Mortensen OH, Dichmann DS, Abrahamsen N, et al. (2007). "Identification of a novel human glucagon receptor promoter: regulation by cAMP and PGC-1alpha.". Gene 393 (1-2): 127–36. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.023. PMID 17374560.

[edit] External links

IUPHAR Receptor Database - Glucagon Receptor

v • d • e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Class B: Secretin like	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone	Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))

Frizzled / Smoothened	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened