Qur'an
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The Qur'an[1] (in Arabic: القرآن) is the holy book of Islam, like the Holy Bible. It has been written and read only in Arabic for more than 1,400 years. But, because many Muslims around the world do not understand Arabic, the meaning of the Qur'an is also given in other languages, so that readers can understand better what the Arabic words in the Qur'an mean. These books are like dictionaries to the Qur'an -- they are not read as part of the religion of Islam, to replace the Arabic Qur'an.
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[change] History
Muslims believe the Qur'an to be the word of God that was given to Muhammad, by the archangel Gabriel, over a period of twenty-three years until his death. It is believed that Gabriel spoke to Muhammad, in the cave of the mountain of Hira, the first words of the Qur'an:
| “ | Read... in the name of God Who made man from a drop of blood... God is Most Rewarding... He Who taught man to write with pen... and taught man what he knew not.[2] | ” |
[change] How Has The Qur'an Become A Holy Book?
The Qur'an did not become a holy book when Muhammad was alive; it was kept by oral communication. But according to a rumour, Abu Bekr used to write the verses on something when Muhammad was alive. Because it required to finish the all verses. When Abu Bekr was caliph, he brought the Qur'an to a holy book. Uthman, who is the third caliph, exterminated the footnotes which don't belong to Qur'an.
[change] The Elements, Suras, Verses, Revelations
There are 30 parts in the Qur'an. Qur'an comprises 114 suras. 86 of these suras took place in Mecca, 24 of these suras took place in Medina. The suras which took place in Medina are Al-Baqara, Al Imran, Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Al-Ma'ida, An-Nisa, Al-Mumtahina, Az-Zalzala, Al-Hadid, Muhammad(Sura), Ar-Ra'd, Ar-Rahman, At-Talaq, Al-Bayyina, Al-Hashr, An-Nasr, An-Nur, Al-Hajj, Al-Munafiqun, Al-Mujadila, Al-Hujraat, At-Tahrim, At-Taghabun, Al-Jumua, As-Saff, Al-Fath, At-Tawba, Al-Insan. Each sura comprises the verses.
[change] The First And Last Verse
The first verse is
| “ | Read... in the name of God Who made man from a drop of blood... God is Most Rewarding... He Who taught man to write with pen... and taught man what he knew not.[2] | ” |
The last verse is
| “ | Who believe! fulfil (all) obligations. Lawful unto you (for food) are all four-footed animals. Dead meat, blood, pig, any food which has been blessed by a (false) god other than Allah; an animal whose death resulted from strangulation, bludgeoning, arrows, falling, or bloodloss; an animal which was partly consumed by a wild animal or an animal which is sacrificed on a stone altar are forbidden. However, if faced with starvation, exceptions are allowed. | ” |
[change] The Claims About Qur'an Were Not A Holy Book?
Some people claim that Qur'an was not sent by God; it was done by humans. Christoph Luxenberg, who works about semitics, claims that some verses of the Qur'an were used in the 6th and 7th centuries; the verses are based on Christian Breviaries.
[change] References
