盐湖城

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盐湖城 Salt Lake City, Utah
Image:092102 03.jpg
暱稱：Crossroads of the West, SLC
盐湖城位置圖
经纬度 北纬40度45分0秒，西经111度53分0秒40.75;-111.88333333333
國家	美國
State	猶他州
郡	鹽湖縣
市長	Rocky Anderson
面積
總面積	{{{area_total}}} km²
人口
總人口 (2000)	181743
都會區	1018826
時區	Mountain(UTC-7)
夏令時間	Mountain(UTC-6)
网站： http://www.slcgov.com

盐湖城（Salt Lake City，S.L.C.），是美國犹他州的首府和最大城市，市内人口181,743（2000年）^[1]，大都市区人口为1,018,826人，名列美国西部内陆城市的第三位，仅次于丹佛和凤凰城。如果包括了薩米特縣及圖埃勒縣總人口達1,018,826人。盐湖城位于一个更大的市區称为Wasatch Front，以及在2003年為止Ogden-Clearfield都會區是鹽湖城的一部份。^[2]在Wasatch Front總人口數目達2,150,000。城市位于一个山谷的北端，海拔1,320 m。周围的高山海拔达到3,582 m。以紧靠大盐湖而得名。

盐湖城是1847年由杨百翰率领一批耶稣基督后期圣徒教会（摩门教）的信徒在此拓荒所建成的一座城市。此后，该教会的总会一直位于盐湖城。目前超过半数的当地人士为该教会教徒。

采矿业和第一条横贯铁路的兴建带来了该市的经济繁荣，该市获得了“西部十字路口”的绰号。进入21世纪，该市大力发展户外活动旅游（包括滑雪和自行车），^[3]，并且举办了2002年冬季奥运会。

城市以工业为主，电子产业和生物技术也相当发达。

盐湖城都市区是美国的金融中心^[4]，商業中心along the rapidly-growing Wasatch Front, and the gateway to several resort towns, ski resorts and national parks; such as Park City, Snowbird ski resort, and Arches National Park.

目录 1 历史 2 地理 2.1 設計 2.2 鄰近城市 2.3 气候 3 种族 4 经济 5 法律和政府 6 教育 7 文化 7.1 艺术 7.2 盛事 7.3 媒体 8 名胜 9 体育 10 交通 11 参见 12 姐妹城市 13 腳註 14 参考 15 外部链接

[编辑] 历史

主条目：盐湖城历史

在美国西部移民之前,Shoshone、Ute和 Paiute等印第安部落已经在山谷中居住了几千年。在山谷中定居的一批白人是1847年7月24日来到这里的摩门教徒。他们为逃离在东部所受的迫害，穿过大半个美国，来到这个与世隔绝的地方，实践他们的宗教。他们的先知杨百翰说：“就是这个地方”。

他们到达山谷只有4天，杨百翰說明這裡是鹽湖址的建造地址，the main temple for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Constructed on Temple Square, in the center of the city, the temple took 40 years to complete, being dedicated on April 6, 1893年。It is the best-known structure in the city.

这些Mormon Pioneer者成立一個沙漠州 and petitioned its recognition in 1849年。美国 Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850年 and established the Utah Territory.大盐湖城 replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1858年, and the name was subsequently abbreviated to 盐湖城。该市人口 swelled with an influx of religious converts, making it one of the most populous cities in the Old American West.

Disputes with the federal government ensued over widespread religious practice of polygamy. A climax occurred in 1857年, with President James Buchanan declaring the area in rebellion when Brigham Young refused to step down as governor. The conflict called the Utah War began. A division of 美军 marched through the city and found that it had been evacuated. This division set up Camp Floyd approximately 40 miles (65 km) southwest of the city. Another military installation, Fort Douglas, was established in 1862年 to maintain Union allegiance during 美国内战. Many area leaders were incarcerated at the territorial prison in Sugar House in the 1880s for violation of polygamy laws. The LDS Church conceded in 1890年, releasing "The Manifesto," which officially renounced polygamy in the church. This paved the way for statehood in 1896年, when Salt Lake City became the state capital.

The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869年 at Promontory Summit on the north side of the Great Salt Lake. A 铁路was connected to the city from the Transcontinental 铁路 in 1870年 making travel less burdensome. Mass migration of different groups followed. They found economic opportunities in the booming mining industries. 這群人1905年在建造了东正教盐湖城圣三一主教座堂和1909年的天主教Madeleine主教座堂，the first major churches not of the Latter-day Saint faith. Both cathedrals are historic icons.

19世纪末20世纪初，an extensive streetcar system was constructed throughout the city. The first streetcar began service in 1872年. Due to speed issues, electrification of the system began in 1889年. However, due to the rising American interest in the automobile in 20世纪初, the last tram line was dismantled in 1945年. Mass transit wasn't re-instigated until TRAX, a light rail system, opened in 1999年.^[5]

城市的人口began to stagnate during the 20世纪 as population growth was accommodated in 郊区 south and north of the city. Few of these areas were annexed to the city, while nearby towns incorporated and expanded themselves. As a result, the population of the surrounding metropolitan area greatly outnumbers that of 盐湖城itself. A major concern of recent government officials has been combating 内城 decay。该市从1960年代到1980年代人口下降，但到了1990年代又有所恢复。

The city has experienced significant demographic shifts in recent years.拉丁美州人口佔了19%。The Glendale section is predominantly 西班牙语. The Centro Civico Mexicano acts as a community gathering point for the Wasatch Front's estimated 200,000 Latinos。在政治的計劃下波黑、苏丹、阿富汗、索马里和俄罗斯难民居住在鹽湖城。另外也有不少來自太平洋島國的人口，包括了薩摩亞及東加。很多太平洋島國出生居民是LDS教會成員。

人口密度has also been marked by the elections of an openly gay woman and an openly 同性恋， representing the city in the State House and Senate, respectively. The leader of the Episcopal Church's 犹他教区 from 1971 to 1986年, which is based in 盐湖, revealed that he had married his 同性伴侣 in 2004 and is an 活跃成员 of the current Church and Utah's 最大的犹太人 congregation, the Salt Lake Kol Ami, hired a gay woman in 2003 to be their Rabbi. Metropolitan 盐湖城 has also witnessed the election of two transgender officials, one in Sandy, and another in Tooele.

盐湖城主办了2002年冬季奧林匹克運動會。比賽受到了爭議。1998年發現一宗醜聞。在比賽期間，亦有其他醜聞出現，包括裁判誤判及使用遺禁藥品。Despite the controversies the games were heralded as a financial success, being one of the few in recent history to profit. In preparation major construction projects were initiated. Local freeways were expanded and repaired, and a light rail system was constructed. Tourism has also increased, and the new Olympic venues are now used for local, national, and international sporting events and Olympic athlete training. Both have had a significant and lasting impact.

[编辑] 地理

主条目：盐湖城地理

盐湖城位于北纬40度45分，西经111度53分表达错误: 未预料的 / 运算符;-表达错误: 未预料的 / 运算符。总面积285.9 km²。位於鹽湖谷，平均海拔1,320 m。

Wasatch Range位于盐湖城下城以东8 km，海拔3,500 m。這些山峰都是與Wasatch Front同名。Oquirrh Mountains位于该市以西11公里，高达3,050 m。Traverse Mountains位于山谷的南面，海拔1,830 m, partially bridging the gap between the Wasatch and Oquirrh ranges. Within the city there is a sharp rise in elevation as one travels north or east from the city center. There is an elevation range of approximately 300 m，from about 1,285 m at various points in the west near 约旦河 (Utah)和大盐湖 to 1,585 m in the Upper Avenues and Federal Heights neighborhoods and the upper East Bench (盐湖城).

Three major canyons cut through the Wasatch Range and open into Salt Lake City proper. The northernmost is City Creek Canyon that opens into 盐湖城下城, bordered on either side by Capitol Hill and The Avenues. Next is Emigration Canyon, the canyon the Mormons used to initially enter the valley. It opens up on the East Bench just south of 犹他大学, near Hogle Zoo and This Is The Place Heritage Park. Traversed by Interstate 80, Parley's Canyon opens up at the very southeast corner of the city proper near Canyon Rim, an unincorporated residential suburb.

The valley floor consists of the lakebed of ancient Lake Bonneville. This lake once encompassed the entire eastern Great Basin. Its largest remnant is the Great Salt Lake, located 10 miles (12 km) north of the city. The Bonneville Salt Flats west of the city are a product of the dried up lake. Because of its high salinity content, the Great Salt Lake is devoid of most aquatic life. Marshlands and mudflats exist on the border of the Great Salt Lake. Algae buildup and decay commonly result in a phenomenon known as "lake stink," which serves as one of the only reminders to Salt Lakers that they live near a major body of water.

The Jordan River flows through the city from Utah Lake to the Great Salt Lake. Early Latter-day Saint settlers named the river after its counterpart in the Holy Land, noting similarities as a freshwater lake source and an inland salt-sea destination.

Significant seismic activity has been forecasted for the area. The Wasatch Fault, located in the Wasatch Mountains, is considered overdue for a major 地震. Concerns have been voiced over possible damage resulting from the liquefaction of the clay and sandbased soil during an earthquake.

[编辑] 設計

The city, as well as the county, are on a grid plan. Most major streets run approximately north-south and east-west. There is about a twelve-degree variation of the grid from true north. Its origin is the southeast corner of Temple Square, the block containing the Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Addresses are coordinates within the system. One hundred units are equal to 1/8th of a mile (200 m), the length of blocks in downtown Salt Lake City. Locals often abbreviate the addresses when speaking. For instance, one might speak of the intersection of 700 East and 2100 South as 7th East and 21st South. The streets are known for being wide and spacious, a vision of the original settlers, who wanted them wide enough so that an entire wagon team could turn around without problems. Another feature the streets are known for is the presence of sidewalks on almost every street in the city.

Latter-day Saint founder Joseph Smith planned it in the "Plat of the City of Zion." In his plan the city was to be developed into 135 10-acre lots. However, the blocks became irregular during the late 19th century when the LDS Church lost authority over growth and before zoning ordinances in the 1920s. The original 10-acre blocks allowed for large garden plots, and many were supplied with irrigation water from ditches that ran approximately where modern curb and gutter is laid. The original water supply was from City Creek. Subsequent development of water resources was from successively more southern streams flowing from the mountains to the east of the city.

There are three distinct street patterns in Salt Lake City, the first of which are the initial square blocks crisscrossed by later small streets. The second distinct pattern are the 2.5 acre (10,100 m²) blocks in the Avenues. The final section is the rectangular blocks south from 900 South.

[编辑] 鄰近城市

Salt Lake City has many informal neighborhoods. The eastern portion of the city has higher property values than its western counterpart. This is a result of the railroad being built in the western half as well as scenic views from inclined grounds in the eastern portion. Immigrants find housing more affordable on the west side, which results in demographic differences. Interstate 15 further solidified these divisions.

盐湖城分为东西两部分。西区 has historically been poorer and more crime-ridden, but recently the demographics have evened themselves out somewhat. 例如, the small, increasingly trendy Marmalade District on the west side of Capitol Hill, once considered seedy as few as 5–10 years ago, has experienced a magnificent recovery to become an eclectic and desirable location. During the 1980s, Sugar House, the upbeat and youthful neighborhood located near and along 2100 South in the southeast portion of the city, was poor and downtrodden, and much of the crime was centered in the western neighborhoods of Rose Park, Poplar Grove和Glendale. Recently, however, both of these areas have made amazing recoveries while other areas of town, such as the Central City, have come to be known as the poorer areas of town, despite the more balanced demographics.

市中心的東北是+The Avenues, a neighborhood outside of the regular grid system on much smaller blocks. This area is nearly entirely residential, and contains much of the young student-aged population. The Avenues lies along the southern slope of the Wasatch Range, however, and the further one climbs the mountains, the more elegant the residences become. The Upper Avenues, along with Federal Heights, just to the east and north of 犹他大学和East Bench, south of the University, contain gated communities, large, elegant, multi-million dollar houses, and fantastic views of the valley.

[编辑] 气候

主条目：盐湖城气候

盐湖城的四季氣候十分分明。该市年平均温度为11.1°C。降雪平均从11月6日到4月18日，平均总降雪160厘米，而盐湖城附近的分水嶺山區平均的積雪量高度可達1,270公分。每年的降雨量約為419厘米。每年的無雪期間大約從4月30日到10月15日，共167天。

在冬季從阿拉斯加海灣產生的暴風雪會向東南移動至盐湖城區域。 城市附近的大盐湖平均每年會影響盐湖城發生6至8次的大湖效應。大湖效應常會發生在秋季中期至冬季中期，有時候會造成局部地區的降雪過量。大湖效應也會影響一些暴風雨的產生，鹽湖城每年大約有10%的降水量是由大湖效應所貢獻的。在冬季中期，強烈的高壓系統常常位於大盆地。這常常使得城市所在的山谷會有數天甚至數週籠罩在強烈的逆溫反應而帶來霧、霾以及帶來汙染物。 這也多少會對居民健康造成一些危害。盐湖城平均有26天的最高气温低于0°C。记录的最低温度是-34°C（1933年2月9日）。

在春季許多來自於太平洋的鳯梨快遞現象而產生的風暴為鹽湖城帶來許多水氣。 春季是最潮濕的季節，而且時常有規模更大、溫度更低的風暴帶來許多夜晚的降雪。通常大約在3月18日之前都還會一直有一定規模的降雪。

该市的夏季干热。雨季从7月中旬到9月開始，會產生局部而且強烈的雷暴。由於濕度低的關係，乾燥但不帶雨勢的雷擊常伴隨著森林火災方面的問題。在季風較弱的年份，可能會帶來一些強大的大雷雨、偶發的龍捲風、過量的降雨以及造成淹水。每年至少有5天氣溫至少38°C，23天高于35°C，56天高于32°C [1]. 报告最高温度是41°C，這是1960年7月26日的記錄，2002年7月13日再度錄得41°C。在夏季许多市民逃到东面48千米的山上去避暑，那里气温比城里低6°C。

在10月，太平洋再次活躍起來，帶來更多暴雨，其中轉弱為低氣壓熱帶風暴，但這些暴雨通常不會比春季的雨勢更大。通常在11月初出現第一次降雪，不過亦曾在9月上旬發生。降雪的多寡主宰了12月的降水量。在一年之中，秋季的氣溫變化是最大的，平均溫度大約是50°F (10°C)。

		一月	二月	三月	四月	五月	六月	七月	八月	九月	十月	十一月	十二月
最高溫度	°F	63	69	78	86	99	104	107	106	100	89	75	69
平均最高溫度	°F	37	43	53	61	71	82	91	89	78	64	49	38
平均最低溫度	°F	21	26	33	39	47	56	63	62	52	41	30	22
最低溫度	°F	-22	-30	2	14	25	35	40	37	27	16	-14	-21
資料來源：盐湖城国际机场

		Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
平均降雨量	in.	1.37	1.33	1.91	2.02	2.09	0.77	0.72	0.76	1.33	1.57	1.40	1.23
平均降雪量	in.	13.6	9.9	9.1	4.9	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.3	7.0	12.0
Data is for 盐湖城国际机场

[编辑] 种族

盐湖城is more racially diverse than the state of Utah as a whole。例如，a comparison of the racial make up of Utah versus 盐湖城:
猶他州	盐湖城	种族
85.3%	79.20%	白人
9.0%	18.85%	西班牙裔
0.8%	1.89%	黑人
1.3%	1.34%	美洲土著
1.7%	3.62%	亚裔
0.7%	1.89%	太平洋岛屿
N/A	8.52%	其他
2.1%	3.54%	混血

根据2000年人口统计，该市人口为181,743人(比1990年的159,936人有所增加)，占犹他州的8.1%，盐湖县的20.2%，盐湖城都市区的13.6%。盐湖城本市面积占盐湖县的14.2%。相比於都市圈的其他地區，鹽湖城的人口密度較高，為每平方公里643.3人。

盐湖城-Ogden 都市区包括盐湖县、Davis和Weber counties, had a population of 1,333,914 in 2000, a 24.4% increase over the 1990 figure of 1,072,227。Since the 2000 Census, the Census Bureau added Summit and Tooele counties to the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, but removed Davis and Weber counties and designated them as the separate Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area. Together with the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which lies to the south, a roughly continuous urban corridor along the Wasatch Front is formed, which has a combined population of just over 200万。

都市圈有71,461個家庭，當中有18歲以下孩子的佔27.0％，41.1％是同住的已婚夫婦，10.2％的家庭主婦沒有丈夫，44.3％不與家人同住。在這七萬多個家庭中，未婚同居家庭佔3,904個：當中3,047個是異性戀，458個是男同性戀，399個是女同性戀。全部家庭的33.2％由一人組成，而獨居老人(65歲以上)佔所有家庭的9.7％。每個家庭的同住平均人數是2.48，家庭平均人數則為3.24。

历史上的人口
年度	人口
1890	44,843
1900	53,531
1910	92,777
1920	116,110
1930	140,267
1940	149,934
1950	182,121
1960	189,454
1970	175,885
1980	163,034
1990	159,936
2000	181,743
2004	178,605

現時城市人口的比例是：

• 23.6% 18歲以下
• 15.2% 18歲至24歲
• 33.4% 25歲至44歲
• 16.7% 45歲至64歲
• 11.0% 65歲或以上

年齡的中位數是30岁。每100名女性有102.6名男性。每100名18岁以上女性有101.2名男性。家庭入息中位數是$36,944，家族中位數收入是$45,140。男性入息中位數為31,511美元，而女性則為26,403美元The per capita income for the city is $20,752。15.3%的人口 and 10.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.7% of those under the age of 18 and 8.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Large family sizes and low housing vacancy rates, which have inflated housing costs along the Wasatch Front, have led to one out of every six residents living below the poverty line.

大约50%的盐湖城居民是耶稣基督后期圣徒教会的成员。市效的成員更達80%，以整個猶他州計算，約佔60%。

[编辑] 经济

主条目：盐湖城经济

盐湖城的现代经济以第三产业为主。过去，钢铁、采矿和铁路operations provided a strong source of income with Geneva Steel, Kennecott Copper Mine, and oil refineries。現時该市的主要产业是政府、贸易、交通、公用事業和商业服务。

這個城市亦被稱為"Crossroads of the West" for its central geography in the Census defined 美国西部。盐湖城大概等於由洛杉矶、丹佛、旧金山、波特兰、凤凰城和西雅图前往。因此，Interstate 15 is a major corridor for freight traffic and the area is host to many regional centers such has Dannon Yogurt and Sysco.

Local, state, and federal governments have their largest presence in the city itself, accounting for 21% of employment. Trade, transportation, and utilities account for another 18% of employment, with the major employer being the regional Delta Air Lines hub at Salt Lake City International Airport. Equally significant are the professional and business services, which account for another 18% of employment. Health services and health educational services comprise an additional 10% of employment. Other major employers include the University of Utah, Sinclair Oil Corporation, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Besides its central offices, the Church owns and operates a profit division, Deseret Management Corporation and its subsidiaries (such as Bonneville International Corporation and Deseret Book), which are headquartered in the city, as is Smith's Food and Drug (owned by national grocer Kroger), and Winger's Grill and Bar. Notable firms based outside the city in the surrounding metropolitan area include Arctic Circle Restaurants, Franklin-Covey, Overstock.com, RC Willey, and Rumbi Island Grill. Metropolitan Salt Lake was once the headquarters of Kentucky Fried Chicken, American Stores, the Skaggs Companies and ZCMI, one of the first-ever department stores; it was sold to May Department Stores, which was later bought by Federated Department Stores. Former ZCMI stores now operate under the Meier & Frank label and will soon be switched to Macy's. Suburban Salt Lake was also the first location for Sears Grand, the first Cabela's in the western U.S., and will soon be home to the first IKEA store in the Intermountain West.

Since Utah is one of seven states that allow the establishment of commercially-owned industrial banks, a number of industrial banks have established their headquarters in Salt Lake City; they include BMW, CIT, Merrill Lynch, and Target. Additional banks located in nearby cities include American Express, General Electric, GMAC, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Sallie Mae, Volkswagen and Volvo. Wal-Mart, Berkshire Hathaway and Home Depot have applied for charters. [2] High-tech firms with a large presence in the suburbs include e-Bay, Unisys, Siebel, Iomega and 3M.

Other economic activities include tourism, conventions, and suburban call centers such as Convergys, Novus, and Verizon Wireless. Tourism was stimulated by the 2002年冬季奧林匹克運動會. Many hotels and restaurants were built for the Olympics, some of which suffered post-Olympic market saturation and quickly rebounded with a large spike in the numbers of skiers and Sundance Film Festival goers visiting the city. The convention industry has blossomed in the city since the construction of the Salt Palace convention center in the late 1990s, which hosts the annual Outdoor Retailers meeting, among other conventions.

2006年，potato producer in Idaho州最大的 announced that it would re-locate its headquarters to Salt Lake City, citing its need for a large international airport, being that Salt Lake City International is the 18th busiest in the world in terms of combined freight and passengers. The announcment led some members of the Idaho legislature to propose legislation changing the state license plate, which currently reads "Great Potatos".

2005年，it was found that the city, especially downtown, was experiencing increased population growth. The number of residential units in the central business district has increased by 80% since 1995, and is forecasted to nearly double in the next decade. Recent sales of high-rise condominiums have been brisk.

Office vacancy rates are also low in the downtown region. Recent estimates place empty Class A office space at about 3.5 percent. In response, two new large skyscrapers are being constructed. The first is located in the Gateway District and is being built for Fidelity Investments. The second will be 23 stories high and is currently under construction on Main Street. Construction of the Gateway District, light rail, and planned commuter rail service have supported the revival of downtown.

The Census estimates that the city's daytime population increases to 313,000 - the second largest increase for cities with at least 100,000 residents. This reflects the fact that a relatively small proportion of metropolitan area residents (18%) live within the city limits.

[编辑] 法律和政府

自1979年起，盐湖城has had a nonpartisan mayor-council form of government. The mayor and the seven councilors are elected to four-year terms. Mayoral elections are held the same year as three of the councilors. The other four councilors are staggered two years from the mayoral. Council seats are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each councilor represents approximately 26,000 citizens. Officials are not subject to term limits. The most recent election was held in 2003.

Elected officials of 盐湖城as of 2004
Official	Position	Term ends
Rocky Anderson (D)	Mayor	2007
City Council members
Carlton Christensen	1st district	2005
Van Blair Turner	2nd district	2007
Eric Jergensen	3rd district	2005
Nancy Saxton	4th district	2007
Jill Remington Love	5th district	2005
Dave Buhler	6th district	2007
Dale Lambert	7th district	2005

自1970年代起，被選出市長都是美国民主党黨員。Councilors are elected under specific issues and are usually well-known. Labor politics play no significant role. The separation of church and state is the most controversial topic with an ongoing Bridging the Religious Divide campaign.

This campaign was initiated when some city residents complained that the Utah political establishment was unfair in its dealings with non-LDS residents by giving the LDS Church preferential treatment, while LDS residents perceived a growing anti-Mormon bias in city politics.

Party platforms are centered on education, economic development, and transportation. The city's political demographics are liberal and 美国民主党. This stands in stark contrast to the majority of Utah where 美国共和党 and conservative views generally dominate.

The current mayor is Rocky Anderson, who gained international attention for actively organizing a protest against President George W. Bush during his visit to 盐湖城for the 2005 Veterans of Foreign Wars convention. He is also well known for his strong support of gay rights (包括同性婚姻)、京都条约, transit-oriented urban planning, and the relaxation of Utah state liquor laws.

The city is also home to several non-governmental think-tanks and advocacy groups such as the conservative Sutherland Institute, the gay-rights group Equality Utah, and the quality-growth advocates Envision Utah. The city also hosted many foreign dignitaries during 2002年冬季奧林匹克運動會 and recently the 墨西哥总统和以色列 ambassador to the United States.

[编辑] 教育

主条目：盐湖城教育

Education has always been a priority in 盐湖Valley. In 1847 pioneer Jane Dillworth held the first classes in her tent for the children of the first Mormon families. In the last part of the 1800s, there was much controversy over how children in the area should be educated. Mormons and non-Mormons could not agree on the level of religious influence in schools. Today, many Mormon youths in grades 9 through 12 attend some form of religious instruction, referred to as seminary.

Because of high birth rates and large classrooms, Utah spends less per capita on students than any other state. Money is always a challenge, and many businesses donate to support schools. Several districts have set up foundations to raise money. Recently, money was approved for the reconstruction of more than half of the elementary schools and one of the middle schools in the Salt Lake City School District, which serves Salt Lake City proper. There are twenty-three elementary schools, five middle schools, three high schools (Highland, East, and West), and an alternative high school (Horizonte) located within the school district.

Postsecondary educational options in 盐湖城include the University of Utah, Westminster College, Salt Lake Community College, BYU 盐湖Center, and LDS Business College. There are also many trade and technical schools such as the Utah College of Massage Therapy.

See also: Salt Lake County - Education

[编辑] 文化

[编辑] 艺术

犹他 Museum of Fine Arts, Utah Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of Church History and Art 都位于盐湖城. Other museums include the Utah State Historical Society, Daughters of Utah Pioneer Memorial Museum, Fort Douglas Military Museum, and the Social Hall Heritage Museum. Clark Planetarium houses an IMAX theater.

盐湖城provides many venues for both professional and amateur theatre. The city attracts many traveling Broadway and off-Broadway performances. Local professional acting companies include the Pioneer Theatre Company, Salt Lake Acting Company, and Plan-B Theatre Company.

盐湖城拥有Mormon Tabernacle Choir, founded in 1847. The Choir's weekly program called Music and the Spoken Word is the longest-running continuous network broadcast in the world.盐湖城还拥有Utah Symphony Orchestra, which was founded in 1940 by Maurice Abravanel and has become widely renowned. The orchestra's original home was the Salt Lake Tabernacle, but since the 1990s has performed at Abravanel Hall in the western downtown area.

The city also has a local music scene featuring blues, rock and roll, punk, and emo groups. There are also many clubs which offer musical venues. Popular groups or persons who started in the Wasatch Front area or were raised and influenced by it include The Used, Shedaisy, and the lead singer of The Killers, Brandon Flowers. In 2004 over 200 bands submitted tracks for a compilation by a local music zine, SLUG ("Salt Lake Underground"). The 15-year-old free monthly zine trimmed the submissions to 59 selections featuring diverse music types such as hip-hop, jazz, jazz-rock, punk, and a variety of rock and roll.

犹他大学 is home to two highly-ranked dance departments, the Ballet Department and the Department of Modern Dance. Professional dance companies in Salt Lake City include Ballet West, Rire Woodbury, and Repratory Dance Theatre.

许多电影, music videos, commercials, and sitcoms have been recorded in the Salt Lake metropolitan area; they include, Touched By An Angel, Everwood, Big Love, Dawn of the Dead,Drive Me Crazy, Dumb and Dumber,Independence Day, Poolhall Junkies,The Brown Bunny, The World's Fastest Indian, Carnival of Souls, and The Postal Service's "Such Great Heights". In 2006 it was revealed that Dan Brown, the author of The DaVinci Code, was in the city studying the symbols on the Salt Lake LDS Temple, and the Masonic Temple among other historical buildings for inclusion in an upcoming book.

[编辑] 盛事

尽管该市经常使人有摩門教之城的偏見，鹽湖城的文化和宗教是互相獨立的。這個城市舉辦許多文化活動。^[6], Mormon and otherwise. A major state holiday is Pioneer Day, July 24, the anniversary of the Mormon Pioneers' entry into the valley. It is celebrated each year with a week's worth of activities, including a children's parade, a horse parade, the featured Days of '47 parade on July 24, a rodeo and a large fireworks show at Liberty Park.

第二大 parade is part of the Utah Pride Festival, which occurs every June. It celebrates the city's diversity as well as the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered community.

First Night, a New Year's Eve celebration emphasizing family-friendly entertainment and activities, culminates with a fireworks display at midnight.

Greek Festival, held the weekend after Labor Day, celebrates Utah's Greek heritage and is located at the downtown 希腊东正教堂。 The 3-day event includes Greek music, dance groups, Cathedral tours, booths and a large buffet. Attendance ranges from 35,000 - 50,000.

The Utah Arts Festival has been held annually since 1977 with an average attendance of 80,000. About 130 booths are available for visual artists and there are five performance venues for musicians. [3]

從2004年開始，盐湖城開始舉辦國際性的鹽湖城馬拉松。

盐湖城also hosts portions of the Sundance Film Festival.

[编辑] 媒体

作为犹他州的首府和最大城市，盐湖城有许多 diverse media outlets. Most of the major television和radio stations are based in or near the city.盐湖城都市区排名第31大 radio^[7] and 36th largest television^[8] market in 美国.

Print media include newspapers, such as the one-time rivals 盐湖 Tribune和Deseret Morning News (both major daily newspapers), as well as a relatively new alternative weekly, 盐湖城 Weekly. Other more specialized publications include Nuestro Mundo of the Spanish-speaking community and Salt Lake Metro, QSaltLake and The Pillar for the LBGT community. There are many local magazines, 如盐湖Magazine (a bimonthly lifestyle magazine) and 盐湖Underground (SLUG), http://www.slugmag.com/, an alternative underground music magazine.

[编辑] 名胜

主条目：盐湖城建筑和名胜

盐湖城的下城 core houses a collection of old and new structures, with many twenty-plus-story steel and glass towers adjacent to late 19th-century brick and mortar。该市最高的建筑是Wells Fargo Center, at 24层，128米，尽管LDS Church Office Building actually appears higher as it stands on slightly higher ground and has 28 stories. The third highest Salt Lake skyscraper is One Utah Center, which has a pyramid for its top and is situated adjacent to the Wells Fargo Center.

作为耶稣基督后期圣徒教会的总部，several top tourist draws exist in 在下城的圣殿广场,包括盐湖城圣殿, the historic 摩门帐幕 (recently closed for earthquake-resistance renovation, 计划2007年初重新开放),和LDS Conference Center, which seats about 20,000 and features rooftop gardens representing the Wasatch Range and Utah meadows。圣殿广场西侧的LDS Genealogical 图书馆，排名Utah's most popular tourist destinations.

盐湖城公共图书馆 is regarded has one of the most state-of-the-art libraries in 美国 and has distinctive architecture with the top of the building acting as a viewpoint for 山谷。犹他州议会大厦 offers marble floors and a dome similar to that of the building that houses the U.S. Congress. Other historical buildings with unusual appearances are City and County Building，建于1894年，和天主教Madeleine主教座堂。

Near the mouth of Emigration Canyon lies This Is The Place Heritage Park, which re-creates typical 19世纪 Mormon pioneer life. Hogle Zoo is located across the street from the park。该市最大的公园 at over 100 acres, 自由公园, features a lake with an island in the middle and the Tracy Aviary.公园里有大量的鸟 both wild and in the aviary. The collection of the aviary includes a Bald Eagle and the park is a popular jogging destination for 市民 with 许多生长了至少100年的树木。

盐湖城还拥有许多重要的购物中心。Trolley 广场 is an indoor and outdoor mall with many independent art boutiques, restaurants, and national retailers. The buildings housing the shops are renovated trolley barns with cobblestone streets. The Gateway District is the city’s newest major centre and has many national 餐厅, clothing retailers, a movie theater, the Clarke Planetarium, a music venue called The Depot, and a 2002 Olympic Park. Sugar House is known as a posh neighborhood with its small town main street shopping area and numerous old parks.

Other attractions within proximity of盐湖城include the Golden Spike National Historic Site (where the world's First Transcontinental Railroad was joined), the Lagoon Amusement Park, the Great Salt Lake, the Bonneville Salt Flats, Gardner Historic Village, ski resorts such as Snowbird, resort towns such as Park City, one of the largest dinosaur museums in the U.S. at Thanksgiving Point, the world’s largest man-made excavation at Kennecott Copper Mine, and rock climbing and recreation trails in the Wasatch Range, where past volcanic and glacial flows have created unique landscapes.

[编辑] 体育

Winter sports, such as skiing and snowboarding, are popular activities in the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City. Eight ski resorts lie within 80 km of the city. Alta, Brighton, Solitude, and Snowbird are located in Big and Little Cottonwood Canyons to the southeast, Deer Valley, The Canyons, and Park City Resort are located to the east, near the city of Park City in Summit County, and Sundance is located to the southeast in Utah County. The ski resorts see frequent storms that deposit light, dry snow due to a phenomenon known as the lake effect, where storms amplified by the warm waters of the Great Salt Lake precipitate in the Wasatch Mountains. The ski resorts in Utah are promoted as having the "Greatest Snow on Earth." Alta and Deer Valley only allow skiing, while the others allow both skiing and snowboarding.

Most of the ski resorts also offer summer activities. The mountains surrounding Salt Lake City are very popular for hiking, camping, rock climbing, mountain biking, and other related outdoor activities. In addition, the many small reservoirs and rivers in the Wasatch Mountains are very popular for boating, fishing, and other water-related activities. Salt Lake City is the primary jumping-off point for exploring the national parks and monuments and rugged terrain of the southern half of the state, as it contains the only international airport in the state.

盐湖城拥有NBA球隊猶他爵士以及2005年創立MLS球隊皇家鹽湖城，他們的主場在犹他大学的Rice-Eccles Stadium。皇家鹽湖城擁有他們的足球專用場。[4]本城是也小美國職業棒球小聯盟球場鹽湖城蜜蜂的主場，它是洛杉磯天使的3A附屬球隊。盐湖城 received an Arena Football League team known as Utah Blaze, who have been popular in their first season in Utah. Near-by West Valley City has the Utah Grizzlies of the ECHL and had also received an expansion team from the revived American Basketball Association, known as the Utah Snowbears, in the 2005 season. That team folded after going 25–1 in the regular season and being well on their way to a championship. The Utah Starzz of the WNBA were once located within the city, but moved to San Antonio and became the Silver Stars.

由於猶他州缺乏職業美式足球球場。市內對大學足球非常注目。猶太大學和楊伯翰大學both maintain large and faithful followings in the city, and rivalries are intense during the annual game between the two universities, which is sometimes referred to as the Holy War, despite the fact that the University of Utah is a public institution.

[编辑] 交通

主条目：盐湖城交通

有4條主要高速公路通往盐湖城. Interstate 15 runs north-south just west of downtown, while Interstate 80 enters near the airport and briefly merges with I-15 west of downtown before heading east through residential neighborhoods into Parley's Canyon. Utah State Route 201 (the 2100 South freeway) runs east-west along the border with West Valley City; and Interstate 215, a beltway, traverses the city's northwest and west neighborhoods and encircles the city's southern suburbs. SR-201, I-15, and I-80 bisect one another at the "spaghetti bowl" just south of the city in neighboring 南盐湖城.

An additional freeway, known as the Mountain View Corridor, which is part of the Legacy Highway system, is proposed to reduce growing congestion and accommodate rapidly-growing population along 山谷西边，with construction set to begin as early as 2008 and completion after 2015. The first portion of the Legacy Highway system, known as Legacy Parkway, has begun construction as of March 2006 and will connect into I-215 just north of the city borders by 2008. This highway is expected to significantly reduce congestion on I-15 into Davis County. Utah State Route 154 (Bangerter Highway) is an expressway that provides access to the rapidly growing western and southern cities of the Salt Lake Valley, beginning at Salt Lake City International Airport. U.S. Highway 89 enters from Davis County parallel to I-15 before heading southeast into downtown. In downtown, U.S. 89 becomes State Street and extends south as the main surface street through the center of the city. Both S.R. 154 and U.S. 89 connect to I-15 at the far south end of the valley.

盐湖城的公共交通由Utah Transit Authority (UTA)经营，包括轻轨铁路和公交线路(with the addition of commuter rail in 2008)。light rail system, called TRAX, consists of two lines originating downtown. Both lines begin at Delta Center near the western edge of downtown and head east to 圣殿广场. From there they turn south; near the courthouse, the University Line heads east to 犹他大学. The Sandy Line continues south to Sandy, and has a total of 18 stations. The University Line heads east to 犹他大学 and ends at University Medical Center. The line has a total of seven stations. TRAX began service on December 4, 1999, and the University Line opened in 2001 and was extended in 2003 to its current terminus at the University Medical Center. The Mid-Jordan Line to the Daybreak Community in South Jordan has been approved as well. An additional two stations were recently approved west of the Delta Center through the Gateway District and will end at the Intermodal Hub located on 600 West between 200 South and 300 South. Plans to extend TRAX service to several other suburbs and the airport are currently under development. A commuter rail line, FrontRunner, running north from Salt Lake City into Davis and Weber Counties is currently under construction and is expected to be completed in the spring of 2008.

In addition, a non-UTA, non-profit vintage trolley system is being planned for the Sugar House neighborhood.

UTA also operates an extensive bus system that extends throughout the Wasatch Front from Brigham City in the north to Santaquin in the south and as far west as Grantsville. UTA also operates routes to the ski resorts in Big and Little Cottonwood Canyons during the ski season (typically November to April).

Amtrak passenger trains also serve the city. The California Zephyr departs盐湖城every morning, connecting the city with 向西到湾区，向东到丹佛和芝加哥。Greyhound Bus Lines serves 盐湖城as well, providing access north-to-south through Utah along the I-15 corridor. 盐湖城国际机场位于下城以西11千米。Delta Air Lines has hub operations at the airport and is currently expanding its Salt Lake City service. Ute Cab, City Cab, and Yellow Cab are the major taxi services.

[编辑] 参见

• List of famous Salt Lakers

[编辑] 姐妹城市

• 乌克兰 Chernivtsi
• 台灣基隆
• 日本松本市
• 玻利維亞 Oruro
• 菲律宾 奎松城
•  爱尔兰 Thurles
• zh:意大利;zh-hans:意大利;zh-hk:意大利;zh-hant:義大利 都灵

[编辑] 腳註

1. ^ Salt Lake City-Ogden population estimate. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-03-06.
2. ^ Metropolitan Area Definitions．United States Department of Labor - Bureau of Labor Statistics（2005年3月1日）．於2007年3月6日查閱．
3. ^ FDIC Industrial Banks. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (2004-06-25). Retrieved on 2007-03-06.
4. ^ FDIC Industrial Banks
5. ^ Utah Street Tramways
6. ^ Greater 盐湖城Annual Events (2005). EventGuide.network.
7. ^ Radio Stations - Arbitron Radio Market Rankings (2005). Arbitron. Retrieved January 1, 2005
8. ^ Nielsen Media Research Local Universe Estimates (US). Nielsen Media Research. Retrieved December 29, 2004.

[编辑] 参考

• Alexander, Thomas G.（2001）．Grace & Grandeur: A History of Salt Lake City．Heritage Media Corp．ISBN 1886483604． 
• Thomas G. Alexander and James B.Allen（1984）．Mormons & Gentiles: A History of Salt Lake City．Pruett Publishing Co．ISBN 0-87108-664-6． 
• Bagley, Will（2004）．World Book Encyclopedia，S-Sn，World Book Inc，76-76a．ISBN 0716601044． 
• McCormick, John S.（2000）．The Gathering Place: An Illustrated History of Salt Lake City．Signature Books．ISBN 1-56085-132-5． 
• Rainey, Virginia（2004）．Insiders' Guide: Salt Lake City，4th，Globe Pequot Press．ISBN 0-7627-2836-1． 
• Stober, Daniel (2004). Utah Street Names. Retrieved 2004.
• McCarthy, Terry．zh-hans:“;zh-hant:「The New Utahzh-hans:”;zh-hant:」，Time.com，2002年2月3日． 
• Area Information - Salt Lake City's Climate (1991). slcgov.com. Retrieved March 2005.
• Area Information - Employment (2002). slcgov.com. Retrieved March 2005.
• Area Information - FAQ (2005). slcgov.com. Retrieved March 2005.
• Cities and Counties of Utah Census Brief (May 2001). Retrieved April 15, 2005 (PDF file).
• Comparative Climatic Data Publication - Data Tables. NOAA National Data Centers - NOAA Satellites and Information. Retrieved November 2004.
• Salt Lake City History (2004). slcgov.com. Retrieved September 2004.
• Salt Lake City (2005). Encarta Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 2005.
• The Official Site of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Official Website of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Retrieved May 2006.

[编辑] 外部链接

• 鹽湖城官方網站
• Salt Lake City Chamber of Commerce
• Salt Lake community councils
• 猶他旅遊網頁
• Photographic virtual tour of Salt Lake City.
• SugarHouse Trolley
• 鹽湖城國家天氣服務
• Local Utah Music - Utah Out Loud
• Apartments in Salt Lake City
• 地圖與航空影像（英文）
  座標：40.7547° -111.892622°
  • 街道圖，來自Google Maps / Yahoo! Maps / Windows Live Local
  • 衛星圖，來自Google Maps / Windows Live Local / 維基百科
  • 地形圖，來自TopoZone
  • 航空影像或地形圖，來自TerraServer-USA

	犹他州
主题	历史 | 地理 | 政府 | 州长
首府	盐湖城
zh-hant:郡;zh-hans:县	比弗县 | 博克斯埃尔德县 | 卡什县 | 卡本县 | 达盖特县 | 戴维斯县 | 杜申县 | 埃默里县 | 加菲尔德县 | 格兰德县 | 艾恩县 | 贾布县 | 凯恩县 | 米勒德县 | 摩根县 | 派尤特县 | 里奇县 | 盐湖县 | 圣胡安县 | 桑皮特县 | 塞维尔县 | 萨米特县 | 图埃勒县 | 尤因塔县 | 犹他县 | 沃萨奇县 | 华盛顿县 | 韦恩县 | 韦伯县
主要城市	亚美利加福克 | 邦蒂富尔 | 克利尔菲尔德 | 卡顿伍德海兹 | 德雷珀 | 莱顿 | 利哈伊 | 洛根 | 米德韦尔 | 默里 | 普莱森特格罗夫 | 奥格登 | 奥勒姆 | 普罗沃 | 里弗顿 | 罗伊 | 西班牙福克 | 盐湖城 | 圣乔治 | 桑迪 | 南乔丹 | 泰勒斯维尔 | 图埃勒 | 西乔丹 | 西瓦利城