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Nicolaus Copernicus - Wikipedia

Nicolaus Copernicus

As a'Wikipedia

Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus

B’ e Nicolaus Copernicus a’ chiad reul-eòlaiche anns an Roinn Eòrpa a sgrìobh teoiric phuncail mu An Crios-grèine. Dh’fhoillsich e an leabhar: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (A thaobh Cuairtean nan Cruinne Speurach). Canar gun do thòisich reul-eòlas ann an nòs ùr air sgàth an leabhair sin.

Clàr-innse

[deasaich] Beatha Chopernicus

Rugadh Nicolaus Copernicus air 19mh Gearran, 1473 ann an Thorn, Rìoghachd Phòlainn (1385-1569) anns an t-seann dùthaich, A' Phruis. Eadar 1491 is 1494 bha e a' dol gu Oilthigh Jagiellonian ann an Kraków. An uair sin chaidh e don Eadailt. An toiseach bha e ann an Oilthigh Bhologna, far an do dh’ionnsaich e lagh agus reul-eòlas. An dèidh sin, chaidh e gu Oilthigh Phadua, far an do dh’ ionnsaich e a bhith na dhotair. Chuir e an cuid as motha den bheatha aige seachad ann an Frombork/Ermland ri taobh a' Mhuir Baltach. Bha e ag obair mar fhear-lagha, dotair, luchd-obrach clèireil, riaghladair, neach-chomhairle agus neach-rèite.

[deasaich] Siostam heliocentric

Siostam geocentric (sios), Siostam grian-mheadhanach (gu h-àrd)
Siostam geocentric (sios), Siostam grian-mheadhanach (gu h-àrd)

Anns an 16mh linn bha am mòr-shluagh agus an Eaglais Caitligeach den bheachd gun robh an Saoghal ann am meadhan fànais (Siostam cruinn-meadhanach). Ach bho àm gu àm nochdadh beachdan eile: Is dòcha gur e a' ghrian a th' aig crìdhe fànais (siostam grian-mheadhanach). Mar sin dheth, cha robh na beachd-smaointean aig Copernicus cho ùr sin. Bha reuladairean a’ sgrìobhadh mu dheidhinn bho chionn linntean:

  • reuladairean às na h-Innseachan, m.e.: duilleagan Vedic Sanskrit a chaidh a sgrìobhadh ann an 9mh neo 8mh linn ro Chrìosda
  • às a' Ghrèig, m.e: Aristarchus à Samos, mu 270 ro Chrìosda
  • às an Ear Meadhanach, m.e: Ibn al-Haytham às Iorac, (965-1039).

Chuala Copernicus mun t-siostam Greugach nuair a bha e anns an Eadailt. Rinn e rannsachadh airson faighinn a-mach mu ghluasad nam planaidean. Mar sin dheth, b’ e Copernicus a' chiad reul-eòlaiche aig an robh siostam matamataigeach gu math mionaideach mu heliocentrism. Thuirt esan gu bheil a’ ghrian anns an aon àite agus gu bheil an Saoghal agus na planaidean eile a’ cuartachadh na grèine. Rinn Kepler obair a bharrachd air an t-siostaim sin. Ach b' e Galileo am fear a chaidh le teoiric Chopernicus an aghaidh na h-Eaglaise Caitligich (1610-1633).

[deasaich] An leabhar

Nicolai Copernici Torinensis De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Libri VI - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, le Nicolaus Copernicus à Torin, sia leabharaichean 1566)
Nicolai Copernici Torinensis De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Libri VI - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, le Nicolaus Copernicus à Torin, sia leabharaichean 1566)

Ann an 1510 sgrìobh Copernicus leabhar beag Commentariolus (Litte Commentary), anns an do thug e seachad na beachdan ùra aige. Thòisich e air sùil gheur a chumail air gluasad nam planaidean airson a dhèanamh cinnteach gun robh an teoiric aige ceart. Bha e ag obair gu math cruaidh fad bliadhnaichean agus chruinnich e na smaointean aige ri chèile ann an leabhar De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (A thaobh Cuairtean nan Cruinne Speurach). Ach bha Copernicus ro dhiùid an leabhar aige fhoillseachadh. Ann an 1539 thachair e ri Georg Joachim Rheticus, (sgoilear Mhelanchthon agus ollamh matamataig à Wittenberg). Chunnaic Rheticus dè cho math 's a bha an leabhar agus thug sin misneachd do Chopernicus. Mu dheireadh thall, dh' aontaich Copernicus an leabhar a chlo-bhualadh. Bha e deiseil dìreach mus do chaochaill e air 24mh Cèitean, 1543 ann an Frombork.

[deasaich] Ceanglaichean a-muigh

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