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塞瓦定理 - Wikipedia

塞瓦定理

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塞瓦線段(cevian)是各顶点与其对边或对边延长线上的一点连接而成的直线段。塞瓦定理指出:如果\triangle ABC的塞瓦線段ADBECF通过同一点O,则

\frac{BD}{DC} \cdot \frac{CE}{EA} \cdot \frac{AF}{FB}=1

它的逆定理同样成立:若D、E、F分别在\triangle ABC的边BCCAAB或其延长线上,且满足

\frac{BD}{DC} \cdot \frac{CE}{EA} \cdot \frac{AF}{FB}=1

则直线ADBECF共点或彼此平行(於無限遠處共點)。当AD、BE、CF中的任意两直线交于一点時,则三直线共点;当ADBECF中的任意两直线平行时,则三直线平行。

它最先由意大利數學家喬瓦尼·塞瓦證明。

[编辑] 证明

\frac{BD}{DC}=\frac{S_{\triangle ABD}}{S_{\triangle ADC}}=\frac{S_{\triangle OBD}}{S_{\triangle ODC}}

由等比性质:

\frac{BD}{DC}=\frac{S_{\triangle ABD} - S_{\triangle OBD}}{S_{\triangle ADC} - S_{\triangle ODC}}=\frac{S_{\triangle ABO}}{S_{\triangle CAO}}

同理可证

\frac{CE}{EA}=\frac{S_{\triangle BCO}}{S_{\triangle ABO}}\frac{AF}{FB}=\frac{S_{\triangle CAO}}{S_{\triangle BCO}}

\frac{BD}{DC} \cdot \frac{CE}{EA} \cdot \frac{AF}{FB}=\frac{S_{\triangle ABO}}{S_{\triangle CAO}} \cdot \frac{S_{\triangle BCO}}{S_{\triangle ABO}} \cdot \frac{S_{\triangle CAO}}{S_{\triangle BCO}}=1。证毕。

[编辑] 系理:角平分線定理

在三角形ABC,角A的角平分線BCD\frac{DB}{DC}=\frac{AB}{AC}

[编辑] 另見


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