Neanderthal
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| Neanderthal Fossil range: Pleistocene |
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 H. neanderthalensis La Chapelle aux Saints.
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| †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 |
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Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis |
The Neanderthal (IPA: /niːˈændərθɑːl/, also with /neɪ-/, and /-tɑːl/), or Neandertal, was a species of the Homo genus (type) (Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis)[1] which lived in Europe and parts of western and central Asia. Approximately 130,000 years ago, Neanderthal characteristics had developed fully (some characteristics existed before) and by 50,000 years ago, Neanderthals disappeared from Asia. In Europe, scientists found skeletons that proved that Neanderthals lived in Europe until 30,000 years ago.
[change] Footnotes
[change] References
- C. David Kreger (2000-06-30) Homo Neanderthalensis
- Dennis O'Neil (2004-12-06) Evolution of Modern Humans Neandertals retrieved 12/26/2004
- Neanderthal DNA Sequencing
- Solecki, Ralph S. "Shanidar." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2007. Grolier Online. 25 Nov. 2007 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0264140-0>.
[change] Other websites
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Look up Homo neanderthalensis in Wikispecies, a directory of species
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
- Smithsonian
- Archaelogy Info
- MNSU
- "Humans and Neanderthals interbred": Modern humans contain a little bit of Neanderthal, according to a new theory, because the two interbred and became one species. (Cosmos magazine, November 2006)
- BBC.co.uk - 'Neanderthals "mated with modern humans": A hybrid skeleton showing features of both Neanderthal and early modern humans has been discovered, challenging the theory that our ancestors drove Neanderthals to extinction', BBC (April 21, 1999)
- GeoCities.com - 'The Neanderthal Sites at Veldwezelt-Hezerwater, Belgium'
- Greenwych.ca - 'Neanderthal Flute: Oldest Musical Instrument's 4 Notes Matches 4 of Do, Re, Mi Scale - Evidence of Natural Foundation to Diatonic Scale (oldest known musical instrument), Greenwich Publishing
- IndState.edu - 'Neanderthals: A Cyber Perspective', Kharlena María Ramanan, Indiana State University (1997)
- Krapina.com - 'Krapina: The World's Largest Neanderthal Finding Site'
- Neanderthal.de - 'Neanderthal Museum'
- Neanderthal DNA - 'Neanderthal DNA' Includes Neanderthal mtDNA sequences
- The Cryptid Zoo - 'Neanderthals and Neanderthaloids in Cryptozoology' (modern sightings promoted by the pseudoscience of cryptozoology)
- UniZH.ch - 'Comparing Neanderthals and modern humans: Neanderthals differ from anatomically modern Homo sapiens in a suite of cranial features' (cranio-facial reconstructions), Institut für Informatik der Universität Zürich
- WebShots.com - 'IMG_6922 The Neandertal foot prints' (photo of ~25K years old fossilized footprints discovered in 1970 on volcanic layers near Demirkopru Dam Reservoir, Manisa, Turkey)
- interactive database on the archaeology and anthropology of Neanderthals
- Did free trade cause the extinction of Neanderthals?
- Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA can show conflicting phylogenetic histories
- Neanderthal manifactured pitch
- Homo neanderthalensis reconstruction - Electronic articles published by the Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History.
- CBS article on latest scientific speculation about Neanderthals in Gibraltar.
- Neanderthal bone gives DNA clues
- Scientists decode Neanderthal genes
- Scientists Build 'Frankenstein' Neanderthal Skeleton
- A NEANDERTHAL'S DNA TALE
- 'Bone and Stone' A digitally enhanced single frame philatelic exhibit dedicated to the Neanderthal.
- How Neanderthal molar teeth grew
- Mousterian Tools of Neanderthals From Europe - World Museum of Man
- The Way We Are
- Link to picture of the Neanderthal trace near Gediz River in Turkey
- Link to Cross-Eyed stereoview of Neanderthal fossil cast in Chicago Field Museum
