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प्रयोगशाला - विकिपीडिया

प्रयोगशाला

विकिपीडिया, एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोष से

यह विश्व के देशों की सूची, एक सिंहावलोकन कराती है, [[विश्बव के राष्ट्रों का, जो कि अल्फाबैटिकली व्थित है । इसमें स्वतंत्र राज्य भी शामिल हैं । (जो कि अन्तराष्ट्रीय मान्यताप्राप्त हैं और जो अमान्यता प्राप्त), हैं, बसे हुए हैंपरतंत्र क्षेत्र, एवं खास शासकों के क्षेत्र भी ।

ऐसे समावेश मानदण्ड अनुसार यह सूची शब्द `देश' एवं `सार्वभौम राष्ट्र' को पपर्यायवाची नहीं मानती। जैसा कि प्रायः साधारण बोलचाल में प्रयोग किया जाता है । कृप्या ध्यान रखें कि किन्हीं खास परिस्थितिवश एवं किन्हीं खास भाषाओं में 'देश' शब्द को सर्वथा प्रतिबंधात्मक अर्थ समझा जाता है । अतः केवल 193 निम्नलिखित प्रविष्टियाँ ही प्रथम शब्द (देश या राष्ट्र) में समझे जाएं ।

यह सूची दिए गए देशों के क्षेत्राधिकार में आने वाले सभी क्षेत्रों को आवृत्त करती है, अर्थात क्षेत्र, जलीय क्षेत्र ( जिसमें जलीय आंतरिक क्षेत्र एवं थल से लगे जलीय क्षेत्र भी आते हैं) , एक्स्क्लूसिव आर्थिक क्षेत्र, कॉण्टीनेण्टल शैल्फ, एवं हवाई क्षेत्र.

सूची में दिए गए देशों के नाम हिन्दी में हैं, साथ ही हिंदी में पूर्ण राजकीय नाम के प्रामाणिक या लघु नाम भी हैं (उदाहरणतः अफ्गानिस्तान प्रयोग किया गया है अफ्गानिस्तान इस्लामी गणराज्य हेतु। किसी भी नाम , जो कि सूची में दिया गया है; किसी नामकरण संबंधी विवाद में संदर्भ हेतु प्रयोगार्थ नही हैं ।

अनुक्रम: सम्मिलित एन्टिटी - Entities not included

अं क्ष त्र ज्ञ
इन्हें भी देखे - सन्दर्भ - पादटिप्पणी - बाहरी कङियाँ

[संपादित करें] सम्मिलित राजनैतिक सत्ताओं के प्रकार

इस सूची में 245 प्रकार की सत्ताएं निम्न हैं :

  • 193 राज्य जिन्हे अन्तराष्ट्रीय मान्यता प्राप्त है ।
  • 8 वे राज्य जिन्हेः सामान्य मान्यता नहीं मिली है, वे संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के सदस्य भी नहीं हैं, जिन्हें अन्तराष्ट्रीय कानून के अन्तर्गत समझा जाता है, वे Montevideo Convention के उत्तराधिकारी राज्य कहला सकते हैं ।
    • 1 राष्ट्र जो सं रा संघ का सदस्य नहीं है, since late 1971, जिसे 23 UN member states एवं Holy See (Vatican City) से मान्यता प्राप्त है, तथा वर्तमान में de facto अन्तराष्ट्रीय सम्बन्धों के अन्तर्गत आता है, यानि Republic of China (commonly referred to as Taiwan) ।
    • 1 राज्य, जो कि अफ्रीकन संघ और एशियाई - अफ्रीकी नैतिक भागीदारी जो कि 2005 एशियाई-अफ्रीकी सम्मेलन में निर्मित हुई थी, का सदस्य है ।
    • 1 de facto स्वतंत्र राज्य, राजनयिक तौर पर किसी संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ सदस्य द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त नहीं है, सिवाय तुर्की के Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.[२] Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan),[३] Transnistria (Moldova),[४] Somaliland (Somalia),[५] and South Ossetia (जॉर्जिया (देश)),[६] none recognized by any UN member states.
  • 38 बसे हुए क्षेत्र dependent territories:
    • 3 ऑस्ट्रेलियाई राज्य (क्रिस्मस द्वीप, कोकोस द्वीप and नॉर्फ्लोक द्वीप).
    • 2 सागरपार देश डेनमार्क राज्य (फैरो द्वीप समूह and ग्रीनलैण्ड).
    • 7 फ्रांसीसी सागरपार क्षेत्रref>The overseas regions/overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion are integral part of France, and therefore not listed.</ref>
      • 1 sui generis (अपूर्व) समुदाय(New Caledonia).
      • 6 सागरपार collectivities:
        • 1 सागरपार देश (French Polynesia)
        • 1 विभागीयcollectivity (Mayotte)
        • 1 territorial collectivity (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
        • 2 collectivities (Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin)
        • 1 territory (Wallis and Futuna)
    • 2 सागरपार देश नीदरलैण्ड राज्य (अरूबा and नीदरलैण्द ऍण्टिल्ल्स्).
    • 3 परतंत्र क्षेत्र न्यूजीलैण्ड:के अन्तर्गरत।
      • 2 राज्य free association में न्यूजीलैण्ड (कुक द्वीप समूह तथा Niue).
      • 1 सागरपार क्षेत्र (Tokelau).
    • 16 ब्रिटिश क्षेत्र
      • 13 ब्रिटिश सागरपार क्षेत्र ब्रिटेन या यूनाइटेड किंगडम के, (Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena (and its dependencies Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha), Turks and Caicos Islands, and the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia).
      • 3 Crown dependencies (Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man).
    • 5 unincorporated territories of the United States:
      • 2 commonwealths (Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico).
      • 2 organized territories (Guam and U.S. Virgin Islands).
      • 1 de facto organized territory lacking an Organic Act (American Samoa).
  • 6 special entities recognized by international treaty or agreement (Åland in Finland, Svalbard in Norway, Kosovo in Serbia, the Occupied Palestinian Territories, as well as the 2 special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China - Hong Kong and Macau).

विश्व के देशओं की सूची के अनुलग्नक, में एक रूपरेखा दी गई है, उन प्रविष्टियों की जो इसमें शामिल नहीं किए गए हैं । इसमें सुभिन्न राजनैतिक एवं वैधिक सत्तएं आती हैं, जो कि देश हैं परंतु एक सार्वभौम राष्ट्र के समूचे भाग माने जाते हैं, खासकर यूनाइटेड किंग्डम एवं जर्मनी के अन्तर्गत आने वाले देश ।

[संपादित करें] Key of country names

  • बैहरीन (बोल्ड या मोटा) - राष्ट्र, जिन्हें अन्तराष्ट्रीय मान्यता प्राप्त है ।
  • अबखाजिया (मोटा एवं झुका - बोल्ड एवं इटैलियाई) - राष्ट्र जिन्हें अन्तराष्ट्रीय मान्यता प्राप्त नहीं है ।
  • केयमैन द्वीप समूह (साधारण) - अन्य अ-राज्य देश

[संपादित करें] List of countries

[संपादित करें] A

[संपादित करें] B

[संपादित करें] C

[संपादित करें] D

[संपादित करें] E

[संपादित करें] F

[संपादित करें] G

[संपादित करें] H

[संपादित करें] I

[संपादित करें] J

[संपादित करें] K

[संपादित करें] L

[संपादित करें] M

[संपादित करें] N

[संपादित करें] O

[संपादित करें] P

[संपादित करें] Q

[संपादित करें] R

[संपादित करें] S

[संपादित करें] T

[संपादित करें] U

[संपादित करें] V

[संपादित करें] W

[संपादित करें] Y

  •  यमन – यमन गणराज्य

[संपादित करें] Z

[संपादित करें] इन्हें भी देखें

मुख्य लेख: Lists of countries
  • Annex to the list of countries
  • List of international rankings
  • List of unrecognized states
  • Geography
  • The Earth
  • Continent
Countries by geographic locale



[संपादित करें] सन्दर्भ

[संपादित करें] पादटिप्पणी

  1. E.g. the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales).
  2. २.० २.१ The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ही वह राज्य है सायप्रस के अधिकार क्षेत्र के अधीन।
      • 5 de facto स्वतंत्र राज्य, Abkhazia (जॉर्जिया (देश)),<ref>[[Abkhazia]] is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of [[#G|Georgia]], diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. ''See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3261059.stm Regions and territories: Abkhazia] ([[14 December]] [[2005]]). [[BBC News]]. Retrieved [[January 17]], [[2006]].''</li>
    <li id="cite_note-NK-2">↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-NK_2-0|३.०]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-NK_2-1|३.१]]</sup> [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the [[#A|Republic of Azerbaijan]], diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. ''See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh] ([[17 January]] [[2006]]). BBC News. Retrieved [[January 17]], [[2006]].''</li> <li id="cite_note-TRANS-3">↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-TRANS_3-0|४.०]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-TRANS_3-1|४.१]]</sup> Transnistria is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the [[#M|Republic of Moldova]], diplomatically recognized by no UN member states, commonly known and referred to [[Names_of_Transnistria#Other_names_in_use|internationally]] as Transnistria, but sometimes referred to as "Pridnestrovie" (along with the corresponding long-form name "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic"). ''See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3641826.stm Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester] ([[13 December]] [[2005]]). BBC News. Retrieved [[January 17]], [[2006]].''</li> <li id="cite_note-SOM-4">[[#cite_ref-SOM_4-0|↑]] [[Somaliland]] is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the [[#S|Somali Republic]], diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. ''See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm Regions and territories: Somaliland] ([[30 December]] [[2005]]). BBC News. Retrieved [[January 17]], [[2006]].''</li> <li id="cite_note-SOS-5">↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-SOS_5-0|६.०]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-SOS_5-1|६.१]]</sup> [[South Ossetia]] is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of [[#G|Georgia]], diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. ''See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3797729.stm Regions and territories: South Ossetia] ([[14 December]] [[2005]]). BBC News. Retrieved [[January 17]], [[2006]].''</li> <li id="cite_note-ABK">[[#cite_ref-ABK_0|↑]] <strong class="error">गलती उद्घृत करें: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> गलत कोड; <code>ABK</code> नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।</strong></li> <li id="cite_note-7">[[#cite_ref-7|↑]] [[Argentina]] इसे वैधानिक अर्थ हेतु अर्जेन्टाइन राज्य भी बोलते हैं.</li> <li id="cite_note-8">[[#cite_ref-8|↑]] See also [[#N|Nagorno-Karabakh]].</li> <li id="cite_note-9">[[#cite_ref-9|↑]] See also entities [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], as well as [[District Brčko]].</li> <li id="cite_note-10">[[#cite_ref-10|↑]] [[कनाडा]] को आधिकारिक रूप से ( किन्तु यदा-कदा) '''[[Canada's name|डोमिनियन ऑफ कनाडा]]''' भी कहा जाता है । .</li> <li id="cite_note-11">[[#cite_ref-11|↑]] The [[सेन्ट्रल अफ़्रीकन रिपब्लिक]] को मध्य [[अफ्रीका]] भी कहा जाता है ।</li> <li id="cite_note-12">[[#cite_ref-12|↑]] Commonly known as [[China]], the area under the domain of the [[People's Republic of China]] is occasionally rendered as [[mainland China]] in the [[One country, two systems|relationship]] with its [[Special administrative region (People's Republic of China)|special administrative regions]] of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau|Macao]] as well as its [[Cross-Strait relations|relations]] with the [[Republic of China]].</li> <li id="cite_note-13">[[#cite_ref-13|↑]] The [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] is referred to as Congo-Kinshasa to distinguish it from the [[Republic of the Congo]]. It is also often referred to as [[Zaire]], its official name from 1971 to 1997.</li> <li id="cite_note-14">[[#cite_ref-14|↑]] The [[Republic of the Congo]] is referred to as Congo-Brazzaville to distinguish it from the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].</li> <li id="cite_note-15">[[#cite_ref-15|↑]] See also [[#N|Northern Cyprus]].</li> <li id="cite_note-16">[[#cite_ref-16|↑]] The [[Czech Republic]] is also infrequently rendered as Czechia. See [[Names of the Czech Republic]].</li> <li id="cite_note-17">[[#cite_ref-17|↑]] [[Falkland Islands]] is also claimed by [[Argentina]] as [[Malvinas|Islas Malvinas]].</li> <li id="cite_note-18">[[#cite_ref-18|↑]] See also [[#A|Abkhazia]] and [[#S|South Ossetia]].</li> <li id="cite_note-19">[[#cite_ref-19|↑]] The [[Guernsey|Bailiwick of Guernsey]] includes its self-governing dependencies [[Alderney]], [[Herm]] and [[Sark]].</li> <li id="cite_note-20">[[#cite_ref-20|↑]] [[Hong Kong]] है [[special administrative region (People's Republic of China)|Special administrative region]] , [[#C|People's Republic of China]] के अन्तर्गत. इसे प्रायः [[Foreign relations of Hong Kong|Hong Kong, China]] कहा जाता है ।</li> <li id="cite_note-21">[[#cite_ref-21|↑]] [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] को प्राय: Republic of Ireland as the official "description" of the state in order to distinguish it from the [[Ireland|island of Ireland]] as a whole.</li> <li id="cite_note-22">[[#cite_ref-22|↑]] The [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] is popularly known as North Korea.</li> <li id="cite_note-23">[[#cite_ref-23|↑]] The [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] is popularly known as South Korea.</li> <li id="cite_note-24">[[#cite_ref-24|↑]] [[कोसोवो]] is a ''de jure'' autonomous province of [[Serbia]], the formal name of which is "Kosovo and Metohija". It has been under [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|United Nations administration]] since 1999 under the terms of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]] that ended the [[Kosovo War|Kosovo conflict]]. That resolution reaffirmed the sovereignty of Serbia over Kosovo but required the UN administration to promote the establishment of 'substantial autonomy and self-government' for Kosovo pending a 'final settlement' for negotiation between the parties. See also [[Constitutional status of Kosovo]].</li> <li id="cite_note-25">[[#cite_ref-25|↑]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] is also sometimes rendered as Kirghizia.</li> <li id="cite_note-26">[[#cite_ref-26|↑]] [[Macau|Macao]] is a [[special administrative region (People's Republic of China)|Special administrative region]] of the [[#C|People's Republic of China]]. It is diplomatically known as [[Foreign relations of Macau|Macao, China]]. </li> <li id="cite_note-27">[[#cite_ref-27|↑]] [[Republic of Macedonia]] is referred to by UN and a number of countries and international organizations as [[Foreign relations of the Republic of Macedonia#Naming issue|the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia]].</li> <li id="cite_note-28">[[#cite_ref-28|↑]] See also [[#T|Transnistria]].</li> <li id="cite_note-29">[[#cite_ref-29|↑]] See also [[#W|Western Sahara]].</li> <li id="cite_note-30">[[#cite_ref-30|↑]] Legally the [[Netherlands]] refers to the European part of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], with the latter consisting of the Netherlands and two overseas countries, namely [[Aruba]] and the [[Netherlands Antilles]].</li> <li id="cite_note-31">[[#cite_ref-31|↑]] The [[Palestinian territories#The Term "Occupied Palestinian Territories"|Occupied Palestinian Territories]] are those portions of the former [[British Mandate of Palestine]] captured and administered by [[Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan|Jordan]] and [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt|Egypt]] in the late 1940's, and later by [[Israel]] following the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. They include [[Gaza Strip]] and [[West Bank]], both of which are now divded into 3 [[Oslo_Accords#Principles of the Accords|areas]] (Area A, Area B, and Area C) and 16 [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|governorates]] under the jurisdiction of the [[Palestinian National Authority]] in accordance with the [[Oslo Accords]]. The permanent legal and political status of these places are subject to further negotiation between the government of [[Israel]] and the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]].</li> <li id="cite_note-32">[[#cite_ref-32|↑]] See also [[#K|Kosovo]] - under [[UN]] administration.</li> <li id="cite_note-33">[[#cite_ref-33|↑]] [[Somalia]] is presently fragmented with its [[Transitional Federal Parliament|Transitional National Government]]</li> <li id="cite_note-34">[[#cite_ref-34|↑]] [[Svalbard]] is an overseas territory of [[Norway]] recognized by international treaty.</li> <li id="cite_note-35">[[#cite_ref-35|↑]] The [[Republic of China]] (ROC) is a state commonly referred to as [[Taiwan]]. It is also [[Foreign relations of the Republic of China|diplomatically]] occasionally known as [[Chinese Taipei]] or [[Chinese Taipei#Other references to Taiwan|other names]]. The ROC is no longer an United Nations member [[China and the United Nations|since late 1971]] and regarded by UN as [[Taiwan Province, Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]] (see also [[One-China policy]] and [[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China]]). It is currently recognized by the [[Holy See]] and [[Foreign relations of the Republic of China#List of countries with diplomatic relations with the ROC|23 UN member states]] and with de facto international relations with most others. The [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[Legal status of Taiwan|legal status]] of Taiwan (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] currently under the ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. The ROC should not be confused with the [[Republic of Taiwan]] proposed by supporters of [[Taiwan independence]].</li> <li id="cite_note-36">[[#cite_ref-36|↑]] [[Vatican City]] is administered by a [[Governor of Vatican City|Governor]] appointed by the [[Pope]], with the latter being the head of the [[Holy See]] and that of the Vatican City concurrently.</li> <li id="cite_note-37">[[#cite_ref-37|↑]] [[Western Sahara]] is a former [[Spanish Sahara|Spanish colony]] which was in 1960s put on the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]] subject to decolonization. It is claimed by the [[Morocco|Kingdom of Morocco]] which currently rules [[Southern Provinces|large portion]] of it, and the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR) which exercises effective control over the [[Free Zone (region)|area]] east of [[Moroccan Wall]]. SADR is a member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian-African Conference]]. It is currently recognized by [[Legal status of Western Sahara#States recognizing the SADR|46 UN member states]] but has never been admitted to UN itself. UN has attempted to hold a [[referendum]] through the mission [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara]] (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between Morocco and the Polisario Front (the ruling party of SADR). Despite these attempts, however, the legal and political status of Western Sahara remain unresolved. See also [[Legal status of Western Sahara]].</li> <li id="cite_note-38">[[#cite_ref-38|↑]] E.g. the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales).</li></ol></ref>


[संपादित करें] बाहरी कङियाँ


aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -