Orekhovo-Zuyevo
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Orekhovo-Zuyevo (Russian: Оре́хово-Зу́ево) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 85 km east of Moscow at . It is situated in a forested area on the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka River). The city was created in 1917 when three villages Orekhovo, Zuyevo and Nikol'skoe were merged, hence its name. Population: 122,248 (2002 Census); 125,000 (1997 est.); 136,800 (1991 est.).
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[edit] History
The first facts about Orekhovo-Zuyevo date back to 1209. The place was mentioned in Moscow Chronicles as the place called "Volochok" where the battle between Valdimir's prince Yuri and Ryazan's prince Izyaslav took place. The name "Volochok" (or as it was later called "Zuyev Volochok") is derived from the slavic word for a place where wooden ships were carried by land from one river to the other. In this place in particular, the ships were usually moved by land between rivers Klyazma and Nerskaya.
The villages Orekhovo and Zuyevo were mentioned in the cronicle a few more times in the middle ages.
In 1797 serf peasant Savva Morozov opened his first silk factory in Zuyevo. Later he shifted from silk to wool. In 1823 profits from his business allowed him to get out of serfdom. In 1830 he moved his factories to the other bank of Klyazma river to the place that was later named Nikol'skoe.
At the end of 19-th and the beginning of 20th centuries, Orekhovo-Zuyevo was the third largest textile city in Russia after Moscow and St.Petersburg.
In 1885, the Morozov's textile factories in Orekhovo-Zuyevo were the place of the first and largest Russian strike. This strike is known as Morozovskaya Stachka. It started on January 7, 1885 and lasted for several weeks. The impact of this strike on the revolutionary movement in Russia was tremendous.
Orekhovo-Zuyevo was formed as one city in 1917 just months before the communist revolt in Russia.
[edit] Industry
For almost two centuries, Orekhovo-Zuyevo was mostly a textile industry oriented city. It in fact grew up around Savva Morozov's textile production. Cotton production in Orekhovo-Zuyevo made the city the third largest industrial center in Russia at the turn of the XX-th century. After the communist revolt of 1917, Morozov's textile mills were nationalized. During the Soviet era they were known as "Orekhovo-Zuyevskiy Khlopchato-Bumazhnyy Kombinat" (Orekhovo-Zuyevo Cotton Center). The textile production existed only until the 1990s, when after the collapse of the Soviet Union Russian textile industry died due to economic difficulties, inability to compete with cheaper and better imported textiles, and poor management. Eventually, almost all production was shut down, and the factory halls were turned into market areas and trading centers.
[edit] Culture
[edit] Sports
[edit] Football
The city is the home of the oldest football team in Russia. The first football team in orekhovo-Zuyevo was organized by british G.G. Charnock, who at that time was the vice-president of the Moscow Football League. Throughout the team's history it played under several different names. In the early years it was known as "Morozovtsy" (named after Morozov family which woned the textile production in the city). During the Soviet era, the team played under name "Znamya Truda". After the collapse of the comunist regime the team was purchased by Spartak (Moscow) and was one of Spartak's farm teams, known as "Spartak-Orekhovo". In 2003 the team changed it name back to "Znamya Truda".
The best performance for "Znamya Truda" was the USSR Cup finals in 1962 when "Znamya Truda" lost to "Shakhtar" (Donetsk) 0:2.
In 2007 football season, "Znamya Truda" plays in the Central Zone of the Second Division.
[edit] Gymnastics
Olympic medalist and Junior European champion Anna Pavlova was born in Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
[edit] Badminton
Orekhovo-Zuyevo is famous for its badminton school. The city usually hosts All-Russian badminton championships.
[edit] Sport Facilities
There are three athletic/football stadiums in the city: "Znamya Truda", "Torpedo" and "Khimik".
Swimming complex "Neptun" is adjacent to the "Znamya Truda" stadium. The swimming pool has 25-meter lanes.
A new sport complex facility "Vostok" was opened in 2007 by Moscow Region governor Gromov.
[edit] Famous people asspciated with Orekhovo-Zuyevo
- Ivan Babushkin — communist revolution activist, bolshevik
- Vladimir Bondarenko — Hero of Soviet Union, partisan
- Nikolay Biryukov - Russian writer
- Viktor Galochkin - Hero of Soviet Union
- Venedikt Erofeev - Russian writer
- Leonid Krasin — soviet activist
- Savva Morozov — Russian textile producer
- Anna Pavlova - Russian gymnast, Olympic medalist
- Viktor Sukhorukov - Russian Actor
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