Malate dehydrogenase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Structure of the protein with attached sugars
malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)
Identifiers
Symbol	MDH1
Entrez	4190
HUGO	6970
OMIM	154200
RefSeq	NM_005917
UniProt	P40925
Other data
EC number	1.1.1.37
Locus	Chr. 2 p23

malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)
Identifiers
Symbol	MDH2
Entrez	4191
HUGO	6971
OMIM	154100
RefSeq	NM_005918
UniProt	P40926
Other data
EC number	1.1.1.37
Locus	Chr. 7 cen-q22

Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) is an enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the conversion of malate into oxaloacetate (using NAD⁺) and vice versa (this is a reversible reaction). Malate dehydrogenase is not to be confused with malic enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate using NADPH.

Malate dehydrogenase is also involved in gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from smaller molecules. Pyruvate in the mitochondria is acted upon by pyruvate carboxylase to form oxaloacetate, a citric acid cycle intermediate. In order to get the oxaloacetate out of the mitochondria, malate dehydrogenase reduces it to malate, and it then traverses the inner mitochondrial membrane. Once in the cytosol, the malate is oxidized back to oxaloacetate by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. Finally, phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate.

The Cas number for this type of the enzyme is [9001-64-3].

[edit] References

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.37
• BRENDA references for 1.1.1.37 (Recommended.)
• PubMed references for 1.1.1.37
• PubMed Central references for 1.1.1.37
• Google Scholar references for 1.1.1.37

[edit] External links

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.37

• KEGG entry for 1.1.1.37

• BRENDA entry for 1.1.1.37

• NiceZyme view of 1.1.1.37

• EC2PDB: PDB structures for 1.1.1.37

• PRIAM entry for 1.1.1.37

• PUMA2 entry for 1.1.1.37

• IntEnz: Integrated Enzyme entry for 1.1.1.37

• MetaCyc entry for 1.1.1.37

• Atomic-resolution structures of enzymes belonging to this class

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1) 1.1.1 NAD/NADP acceptor Carbohydrate dehydrogenases - Alcohol dehydrogenase - Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - L-xylulose reductase - Aldose reductase - Lactate dehydrogenase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Malate dehydrogenase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - HMG-CoA reductase - Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 11 Beta (HSD11B1, HSD11B2) - 3 Beta (3-beta-HSD) - 17 Beta - Carnitine dehydrogenase - Beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase - IMP dehydrogenase - DXP reductoisomerase - L-threonine dehydrogenase 1.1.2 cytochrome acceptor Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) - D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) - D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) 1.1.3 oxygen acceptor Glucose oxidase - L-gulonolactone oxidase - Xanthine oxidase 1.1.4 disulfide as acceptor Vitamin K epoxide reductase - Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) 1.1.5 quinone/similar acceptor Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase 1.1.99 other acceptors Choline dehydrogenase

v • d • e Metabolism: Citric acid cycle enzymes Cycle Citrate synthase - Aconitase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Succinyl CoA synthetase Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) - Fumarase - Malate dehydrogenase Anaplerotic to acetyl-CoA: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase) to ketoglutaric acid: Glutamate dehydrogenase to succinyl-CoA: Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to oxaloacetate: Pyruvate carboxylase - Aspartate transaminase

v • d • e Mitochondrial enzymes and transporters Outer membrane fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase) tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase) monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism (Monoamine oxidase) Intermembrane space Adenylate kinase - Creatine kinase Inner membrane oxidative phosphorylation (Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase, Cytochrome c, NADH dehydrogenase, Succinate dehydrogenase) pyrimidine metabolism (Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) mitochondrial shuttle (Malate-aspartate shuttle, Glycerol phosphate shuttle) other (Glutamate aspartate transporter, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP synthase, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II) Matrix citric acid cycle (Citrate synthase, Aconitase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase, Fumarase, Malate dehydrogenase) anaplerotic reactions (Aspartate transaminase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) urea cycle (Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, Ornithine transcarbamylase, N-Acetylglutamate synthase) alcohol metabolism (ALDH2) Other/to be sorted Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Mitochondrial DNA Complex I (7 units) - Complex III (1 unit) - Complex IV (3 units) - ATP synthase (2 units)