Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
PDB rendering based on 1qki.
Available structures: 1qki, 2bh9, 2bhl
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	G6PD; G6PD1
External IDs	OMIM: 305900 MGI: 105979 HomoloGene: 37906
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity • oxidoreductase activity Cellular Component: • cellular_component • cytoplasm Biological Process: • carbohydrate metabolic process • glucose metabolic process • glucose 6-phosphate utilization • pentose-phosphate shunt
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2539	14381
Ensembl	ENSG00000160211	ENSMUSG00000031400
Uniprot	P11413	Q3TNL1
Refseq	NM_000402 (mRNA) NP_000393 (protein)	NM_008062 (mRNA) NP_032088 (protein)
Location	Chr X: 153.41 - 153.43 Mb	Chr X: 70.66 - 70.68 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytosolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The NADPH in turn maintains the level of glutathione in these cells that helps protect the red blood cells against oxidative damage. Of greater quantitative importance is the production of NADPH for tissues actively engaged in biosynthesis of fatty acids and/or isoprenoids, such as the liver, mammary glands, adipose tissue, and the adrenal glands. In higher plants, several isoforms of G6PDH have been reported, which are localized in the cytosol, the plastidic stroma, and peroxisomes. ^[1]

[edit] Regulation

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is stimulated by its substrate NADP⁺. The usual ratio of NADPH/NADP⁺ in the cytosol of tissues engaged in biosyntheses is about 100/1. Increased utilization of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis will dramatically increase the level of NADP⁺, thus stimulating G6PD to produce more NADPH.

G6PD converts glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone and is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is very common worldwide, and cause acute hemolytic anemia in the presence of simple infection, ingestion of fava beans, or reaction with certain medicines, AAA, antibiotics, antipyretics, and antimalarials.

G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[2]

[edit] See also

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

[edit] Further reading

[edit] References

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.49
• BRENDA references for 1.1.1.49 (Recommended.)
• PubMed references for 1.1.1.49
• PubMed Central references for 1.1.1.49
• Google Scholar references for 1.1.1.49

[edit] External links

• ATSDR - G6PD Deficiency

• IUBMB entry for 1.1.1.49

• KEGG entry for 1.1.1.49

• BRENDA entry for 1.1.1.49

• NiceZyme view of 1.1.1.49

• EC2PDB: PDB structures for 1.1.1.49

• PRIAM entry for 1.1.1.49

• PUMA2 entry for 1.1.1.49

• IntEnz: Integrated Enzyme entry for 1.1.1.49

• MetaCyc entry for 1.1.1.49

• Atomic-resolution structures of enzymes belonging to this class

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1) 1.1.1 NAD/NADP acceptor Carbohydrate dehydrogenases - Alcohol dehydrogenase - Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - L-xylulose reductase - Aldose reductase - Lactate dehydrogenase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Malate dehydrogenase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - HMG-CoA reductase - Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 11 Beta (HSD11B1, HSD11B2) - 3 Beta (3-beta-HSD) - 17 Beta - Carnitine dehydrogenase - Beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase - IMP dehydrogenase - DXP reductoisomerase - L-threonine dehydrogenase 1.1.2 cytochrome acceptor Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) - D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) - D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) 1.1.3 oxygen acceptor Glucose oxidase - L-gulonolactone oxidase - Xanthine oxidase 1.1.4 disulfide as acceptor Vitamin K epoxide reductase - Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) 1.1.5 quinone/similar acceptor Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase 1.1.99 other acceptors Choline dehydrogenase

v • d • e Metabolism: carbohydrate metabolism - pentose phosphate pathway enzymes oxidative Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - 6-phosphogluconolactonase - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase nonoxidative Phosphopentose isomerase - Phosphopentose epimerase - Transketolase - Transaldolase see also disorders, intermediates