From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is closely related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3). It plays a role in head formation and may have multiple roles in skeletal morphogenesis.[1][2] GDF10 is also known as BMP-3b, with GDF10 and BMP3 regarded as a separate subgroup within the TGF-beta superfamily.[2]
In mice, GDF10 mRNA is abundant in the brain, inner ear, uterus, prostate, neural tissues, blood vessels and adipose tissue with low expression in spleen and liver. It is also present in bone of both adults and neonatal mice.[2] Human GDF10 mRNA is found in the cochlea and lung of foetuses, and in testis, retina, pineal gland, and other neural tissues of adults.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Hino J, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Nohno T, Nishimatsu S. "Bone morphogenetic protein-3 family members and their biological functions". Front Biosci 9: 1520–9. doi:10.2741/1355. PMID 14977563.
- ^ a b c Cunningham N, Jenkins N, Gilbert D, Copeland N, Reddi A, Lee S (1995). "Growth/differentiation factor-10: a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily related to bone morphogenetic protein-3". Growth Factors 12 (2): 99–109. doi:10.3109/08977199509028956. PMID 8679252.
- ^ Katoh Y, Katoh M (2006). "Comparative integromics on BMP/GDF family". Int J Mol Med 17 (5): 951–5. PMID 16596286.
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Cell signaling: TGF beta signaling pathway |
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| TGF beta superfamily of ligands |
TGF beta family ( TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3)
Bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15)
Growth differentiation factors ( GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, Myostatin/GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15)
Other ( Activin A and B/ Inhibin A and B, Anti-müllerian hormone, Nodal)
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| TGF beta receptors |
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| Transducers/SMAD |
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| Ligand Inhibitors |
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| Coreceptors |
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| Other |
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