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Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

IPA – number 148
IPA – text ɬ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ɬ
X-SAMPA K
Kirshenbaum s<lat>
Sound sample 

The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar fricatives is ɬ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K. The symbol ɬ is called "belted l" and should not be confused with "l with tilde", [ɫ], which corresponds to a different sound, the velarized alveolar lateral approximant. It should also be distinguished from a voiceless alveolar lateral approximant, although the fricative is sometimes incorrectly often described as a "voiceless l", a description fitting only of the approximant. The sound is relatively rare among the world's languages. It is common among Native American languages, such as Navajo. [1] Welsh is perhaps the best-known example of a language with this sound [2] (it is indicated in Welsh orthography with a doubled "l").

Contents

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative:

[edit] Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Ahtna dzeł [tsəɬ] 'mountain'
Aleut Atkan dialect hla [ɬɑ] 'boy'
Avar лъабго [ˈɬabgo] 'three'
Dahalo [ʡáɬi] 'fat'
Cantonese Taishan dialect thlaam [ɬam˧] 'three'
Chickasaw lhinko [ɬinko] 'to be fat'
Chukchi левыт [ɬeβət] 'head'
Eyak qe'ł [qʰɛʔɬ] 'woman'
Hadza [ɬɛmeja] 'man'
Haida tla'únhl [tɬʰʌʔʊ́nɬ] 'six'
Hmong hli [ɬi] 'moon'
Inuktitut example needed -- -- See Inuit phonology
Kabardian плъы [pɬɛ] 'to look'
Kaska tsį̄ł [tsʰĩːɬ] 'axe'
Navajo ł [ɬaʔ] 'little'
Sandawe [ɬáː] 'goat'
Sassarese moltu [ˈmɔɬtu] 'dead'
Sesotho ho hlahloba [ho ɬɑɬɔbɑ] 'to examine' See Sesotho phonology
St’át’imcets lhésp [ɬə́sp] 'rash'
Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] 'grey'
Nosu Yi ? [ɬo˧˩bo˧] 'moon'
Zulu isihlahla [isiˈɬaːɬa] 'tree'
Zuni astemlhan [ʔastemɬan] 'ten'

[edit] Semitic languages

The sound is conjectured as a phoneme for Proto-Semitic, usually transcribed as ś; it has evolved into Arabic [ʃ], Hebrew, [s]:

Proto-Semitic Akkadian Arabic Phoenician Hebrew Aramaic Ge'ez
ś ش š š š שׂ s שׂ s ś

Amongst Semitic languages, the sound still exists in contemporary Soqotri. In Ge'ez, it is written with the letter Śawt.


[edit] References

  1. ^ Laver, John (1994). Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052145655X. 
  2. ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell, page 203. ISBN 0631198156. 

[edit] See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post-​alve​olar Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives 
Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f
Trills ʙ r ʀ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Flaps & Taps ѵ ɾ ɽ Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.


aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -