Voiced labial-velar approximant

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IPA – number	170
IPA – text	w
IPA – image
Entity	w
X-SAMPA	w
Kirshenbaum	w
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced labiovelar (actually labialized velar) approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is w, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is w.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the voiced labialized velar approximant:

• Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
• Its place of articulation is labialized velar, which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) raised toward the soft palate (the velum) and the lips rounded. Some languages, such as Japanese and perhaps the Northern Iroquoian languages, have a sound typically transcribed as [w] where the lips are compressed (or at least not rounded), which is closer to a true labial-velar consonant. Close transcriptions may avoid the symbol [w] in such cases, or may use the under-rounding diacritic, [w̜].
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ауаҩы	[awaˈɥə]	'human'	See Abkhaz phonology
Arabic	Standard[1]	ورد	[ward]	'roses'	See Arabic phonology
Catalan[2]		blau	[blaw]	'blue' (m.)	See Catalan phonology
Belarusian		воўк	--	'wolf'	represented by ў. See Belarusian phonology
English		weep	[wiːp]	'weep'	See English phonology
French[3]		oui	[wi]	'yes'	See French phonology
Hawaiian[4]		wikiwiki	[wikiwiki]	'fast'	May also be realized as [ʋ] or [v]. See Hawaiian phonology
Irish		vóta	[ˈwoːt̪ˠə]	'vote'	See Irish phonology
Italian[5]		uomo	[ˈwɔmo]	'man'	See Italian phonology
Mandarin		王/wáng	[wɑŋ˧˥]	'king'	See Standard Mandarin
Pashto		ﻭﺍﺭ	[wɑr]	'one time'
Polish[6]		łaska	[ˈwaska] (help·info)	'grace'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese[7]		água	[ˈagwɐ]	'water'	See Portuguese phonology
Seri		cmiique	[ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ]	'person'
Spanish[8]		cuanto	[ˈkwan̪t̪o̞]	'how much'	See Spanish phonology

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Barbosa, Plínio A. & Eleonora C. Albano (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227-232
• Carbonell, Joan F. & Joaquim Llisterri (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56
• Fougeron, Cecile & Caroline L Smith (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73-76
• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
• Pukui, Mary Kawena & Samuel H. Elbert (1986), Hawaiian Dictionary, University of Hawaiʻi Press, ISBN 0-8248-0703-0
• Rogers, Derek & Luciana d'Arcangeli (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121
• Watson, Janet (2002), written at New York, The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford University Press

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post-​alve​olar Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.