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比值审敛法 - Wikipedia

比值审敛法

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达朗贝尔判别法是判别正项级数敛散性的一种方法,又叫做比值审敛法。

目录

[编辑] 定理

\sum_{n=1}^\infty u_n为正项级数,如果

\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{u_{n+1}}{u_n}=\rho

  • 当ρ<1时级数收敛
  • 当ρ>1或\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{u_{n+1}}{u_n}=\infty时级数发散
  • 当ρ=1时级数可能收敛也可能发散。

[编辑] 例子

[编辑] 收敛

考虑级数

\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{n}{e^n}
\begin{align}
   \lim_{n\to\infty} \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}                  {a_n}                   \right|
&= \lim_{n\to\infty} \left| \frac{\frac{n+1}{e^{n+1}}}      {\frac{n}{e^n}}         \right|\\
&= \lim_{n\to\infty} \left|       \frac{n+1}{e^{n+1}}  \cdot \frac{e^n}{n}          \right|\\
&= \lim_{n\to\infty} \left|       \frac{n+1}{n}        \cdot \frac{e^n}{e^n\cdot e} \right|\\
&= \lim_{n\to\infty} \left| \left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{e}            \right|\\
&= 1\cdot\frac{1}{e} = \frac{1}{e} < 1.
\end{align}

因此该级数收敛。

[编辑] 发散

考虑级数

\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{e^n}{n}
\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right| =\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{\frac{e^{n+1}}{n+1}}{\frac{e^n}{n}}\right|
=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{e^{n+1}}{n+1}\cdot\frac{n}{e^n}\right|
=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{n}{n+1}\cdot\frac{e^n\cdot e}{e^n}\right|
=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|(1-\frac{1}{n+1})\cdot e\right|
=1\cdot e
=\!\, e (>1)

因此该级数发散。

[编辑] 不能确定

级数

\sum_{n=1}^\infty 1

发散,但

\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{1}{1}\right| = 1.

而级数

\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2}

收敛,但

\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left|\frac{\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}}{\frac{1}{n^2}}\right| = 1.


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