Glycolysis
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
- See also: Gluconeogenesis which carries out a process where glucose is synthesized rather than catabolized.
Glycolysis is the archetype of all metabolic processes known. Therefore one can find it in many types of cells in nearly all organisms.
The reason is that it is the foundation of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
The word glycolysis comes from Greek γλυκύς (sweet) and λύσις (rupture). It is the initial process of most carbohydrate catabolism, and it serves three principal functions:
- The generation of high-energy molecules (ATP and NADH) as cellular energy sources as part of anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
- Production of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle as part of aerobic respiration.
- The production of a variety of six- and three-carbon intermediate compounds, which may be removed at various steps in the process for other cellular purposes.
Glycolysis, through anaerobic respiration, is the main energy source in many cells.
[change] Alternative nomenclature
Some of the metabolites in glycolysis have alternative names and nomenclature. In part, this is because some of them are common to other pathways, such as the Calvin cycle.
This article | Alternative names | Alternative nomenclature | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | glucose | Glc | dextrose | |
2 | glucose 6-phosphate | G6P | ||
3 | fructose 6-phosphate | F6P | ||
4 | fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | F1,6BP | fructose 1,6-diphosphate | FBP, FDP, F1,6DP |
5 | dihydroxyacetone phosphate | DHAP | glycerone phosphate | |
6 | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | GADP | 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde | PGAL, G3P, GALP,GAP |
7 | 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate | 1,3BPG | glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate, glycerate 1,3-diphosphate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate |
PGAP, BPG, DPG |
8 | 3-phosphoglycerate | 3PG | glycerate 3-phosphate | PGA, GP |
9 | 2-phosphoglycerate | 2PG | glycerate 2-phosphate | |
10 | phosphoenolpyruvate | PEP | ||
11 | pyruvate | Pyr | pyruvic acid |
[change] Other websites
- The Glycolytic enzymes in Glycolysis at Protein Data Bank
- Glycolytic cycle with animations at wdv.com
- Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at biochemweb.org
- notes on glycolysis at rahulgladwin.com
- The chemical logic behind glycolysis at ufp.pt
- Expasy biochemical pathways poster at ExPASy
[change] References