Guerre Seminole
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 Villaggio Seminole |
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Le guerre Seminole, anche conosciute come le guerre di Florida furono tre conflitti accaduti in Florida tra vari gruppi di nativi americani, collettivamente conosciuti come Seminole, e gliStati Uniti. La prima guerra Seminole durò dal 1817 al 1818; la seconda guerra Seminole dal 1835 al 1842; e la terza guerra Seminole dal 1855 al 1858. La seconda guerra Seminole, alla quale ci si riferisce spesso come "la" guerra Seminole, fu il conflitto più duratura a cui parteciparono gli Stati Uniti tra la rivoluzione americana e la guerra del Vietnam.
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[modifica] Prima guerra Seminole
Durante la prima guerra seminole, combattuta dal 1814 al 1818, questi ultimi indiani (i Seminole appunto) continuavano a dare accoglienza agli schiavi Americani provenienti dalla Florida Spagnola. A causa della situazione ,intollerabile dal governo degli Stati Uniti d'america, quello che in precedenza era un acceso dibattito "politico" si trasformòà in aspre e violente lotte, che portarono anche all'incendio di vari villaggi ed all'uccisione di molti Indiani Seminole. Al termine della guerra, viene eletto presidente degli Stati Uniti Andrew Jackson che, già avversario militare dei Seminole, fa pressioni sul Congresso per l' approvazione dell' Indian Removal Act.
[modifica] Seconda guerra Seminole
[modifica] Terza guerra Seminole
[modifica] Argomenti correlati
[modifica] Interprogetto
Wikimedia Commons contiene file multimediali su Guerre Seminole
[modifica] Note
[modifica] Bibliografia
- Buker, George E. 1975. Swamp Sailors: Riverine Warfare in the Everglades 1835-1842. Gainesville, Florida:The University Presses of Florida.
- Collier, Ellen C. 1993. Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798 - 1993. at Naval Historical Center - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- Covington, James W. 1993. The Seminoles of Florida. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1196-5.
- Florida Board of State Institutions. 1903. Soldiers of Florida in the Seminole Indian, Civil and Spanish-American wars. October 22, 2006.
- Higgs, Robert. 2005. “Not Merely Perfidious but Ungrateful”: The U.S. Takeover of West Florida. at The Independent Institute - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- Hitchcock, Ethan Allen. (1930) Edited by Grant Foreman. A Traveler in Indian Territory: The Journal of Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Late Major-General in the United States Army. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch.
- Kimball, Chris. 2003. The Withlacoochee. - Archived URL retrieved May 9, 2008.
- Knetsch, Joe. 2003. Florida's Seminole Wars: 1817-1858. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-2424-7.
- Lacey, Michael O., Maj. 2002. "Military Commissions: A Historical Survey". The Army Lawyer, March, 2002. Department of the Army Pam. 27-50-350. P. 42. at The Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Army - URL retrieved May 9, 2008.
- Mahon, John K. 1967. History of the Second Seminole War. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press.
- Milanich, Jerald T. 1995. Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville, Florida: The University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1360-7.
- Missall, John and Mary Lou Missall. 2004. The Seminole Wars: America's Longest Indian Conflict. University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-2715-2.
- Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army. 2001. Chapter 7: The Thirty Years' Peace. American Military History. P. 153. at [ - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- Officers of 1-5 FA. 1999. 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery Unit History. P. 17. at [1] - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- U.S. Army National Infantry Museum. Indian wars. at U.S. Army Infantry Home Page - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- Viele, John. 1996. The Florida Keys:A History of the Pioneers. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. ISBN 1-56164-101-4.
- Vocelle, James T. 1914. History of Camden County Georgia.Camden Printing Company
- Vone Research, Inc. The Seminole War Period. Coastal History. - URL retrieved October 22, 2006.
- Weisman, Brent Richards. 1999. Unconquered People. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1662-2.
- "American Military Strategy In The Second Seminole War", by Major John C. White, Jr. "The greatest lesson of the Second Seminole War shows how a government can lose public support for a war that has simply lasted for too long. As the Army became more deeply involved in the conflict, as the government sent more troops into the theater, and as the public saw more money appropriated for the war, people began to lose their interest. Jesup’s capture of Osceola, and the treachery he used to get him, turned public sentiment against the Army. The use of blood hounds only created more hostility in the halls of Congress. It did not matter to the American people that some of Jesup’s deceptive practices helped him achieve success militarily. The public viewed his actions so negatively that he had undermined the political goals of the government."
- Letter Concerning the Outbreak of Hostilities in the Third Seminole War, 1856, from the State Library and Archives of Florida.
- "Tour of the Florida Territory during the Seminole (Florida) Wars, 1792-1859" by Chris Kimball "The Florida war consisted in the killing of Indians, because they refused to leave their native home -- to hunt them amid the forests and swamps, from which they frequently issued to attack the intruders. To go or not to go, that was the question. Many a brave man lost his life and now sleeps beneath the sod of Florida. And yet neither these nor the heroes who exposed themselves there to so many dangers and suffer[ings, could acquire any military glory in such a war. (From "The Army and Navy of America," by Jacob K. Neff, Philadelphia, J.H. Pearsol and Co., 1845.)"
- US History.com - Third Seminole War
- Tampa Bay History Center - Seminole Wars
