Valerie Plame

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Valerie Plame Wilson
Presenting a lecture on her book Fair Game, at Brown University, in Providence, Rhode Island, on December 4, 2007.
Born	Valerie Elise Plame April 19, 1963 (1963-04-19) (age 45) Anchorage, Alaska
Occupation	CIA officer (1985–2005)
Nationality	American
Genres	Autobiography, Memoir, Political criticism
Notable work(s)	Fair Game
Spouse(s)	Joseph C. Wilson IV (1998– ) Todd Sesler (1985–1986)
Children	two (with Wilson)
Official website http://wilsonsupport.org/

Valerie Elise Plame Wilson (born 19 April 1963), known as Valerie Plame, Valerie E. Wilson, and Valerie Plame Wilson, is a former United States CIA Operations Officer whose covert identity was classified and the wife of former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} After working for the CIA for twenty years, she retired in December 2005, as a result of the publication and compromising of her classified cover identity by an American journalist in the summer of 2003.^[7][8]

On 14 July 2003, Robert Novak identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in The Washington Post.^[9] In that column Novak was responding to an op-ed entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," written by Wilson and published in the New York Times the previous week, on July 6, 2003. In his op-ed, Wilson stated that the George W. Bush administration exaggerated unreliable claims that Iraq intended to purchase uranium yellowcake from Niger to support the administration's arguments that Iraq was proliferating weapons of mass destruction so as to justify its preemptive war in Iraq.^[10]

Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified covert CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" precipitated what is known as the Plame affair, leading to the CIA leak grand jury investigation, which resulted in the indictment , conviction and commuted sentence by President Bush of I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby in United States v. Libby on charges of perjury, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to federal investigators. An ongoing civil lawsuit filed by the Wilsons, Plame v. Cheney, against current and former government officials, followed, but was dismissed on July 19, 2007, in the District Court for the District of Columbia. The Wilsons appealed the decision the next day.

Mrs. Wilson's memoir, Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House, was published on October 22, 2007.

Contents 1 Personal History 1.1 Early family life 1.2 Education 1.3 Marriages and family 2 Career 3 Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate" 3.1 CIA leak grand jury investigation 3.2 Libby trial 3.3 The Wilsons' civil suit: Wilson v. Cheney 3.4 House Oversight Committee hearing 4 Fair Game 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Personal History

[edit] Early family life

Valerie Elise Plame was born on April 19, 1963, on Elmendorf Air Force Base, in Anchorage, Alaska, to Diane and Samuel Plame.^[2][11] Plame's paternal great-grandfather was a Rabbi who immigrated from the Ukraine; the original family surname was "Plamevotski" (Wilson, Fair Game 173).

Growing up in "a military family ... imbued her with a sense of public duty"; her father was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force, who worked for the National Security Agency for three years, and, according to her "close friend Janet Angstadt," her parents "are the type who are still volunteering for the Red Cross and Meals on Wheels in the Philadelphia suburb where they live," having moved to that area while Plame was still in school.^[12]

[edit] Education

She graduated in 1981 from Lower Moreland High School, in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania,^[13][14] and attended Pennsylvania State University, graduating with a B.A. in advertising in 1985.^[12] While a student at Penn State, she was a member of the Pi Beta Phi sorority.^[1] and worked for the business section of the Daily Collegian student newspaper.^[12]

By 1991, Plame earned two master's degrees, from the London School of Economics and Political Science and the College of Europe (Collège d'Europe), in Bruges, Belgium.^[2][12] In addition to English, she speaks French, German, and Greek.^[12]

[edit] Marriages and family

After graduating from Penn State in 1985, Plame was briefly married to Todd Sesler, her college boyfriend.^[12] Over a decade after they divorced, in 1997, while she was working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Plame met former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV "at a reception in Washington ... at the residence of the Turkish Ambassador."^[15] According to Wilson, because she was unable to reveal her CIA role to him on their first date, she told him that she was an energy trader in Brussels, and he thought at that time that she was "an up-and-coming international executive".^[14] After they began dating and became "close," Plame revealed her employment with the CIA to Wilson (Wilson, Politics of Truth 242).^[14] They were married on April 3, 1998, Plame's second marriage and Wilson's third (Wilson, Politics of Truth 273).

Professionally and socially, she has used variants of her name. Professionally, while a covert CIA officer, she used her given first name and her maiden surname, "Valerie Plame." Since leaving the CIA, as a speaker, she has used the name "Valerie Plame Wilson," and she is referred to by that name in the civil suit that the Wilsons brought against former and current government officials, Plame v. Cheney.^[2] Socially, and in public records of her political contributions, since her marriage in 1998, she has used the name "Valerie E. Wilson."

At the time that they met, Wilson relates in his memoir, he was separated from his second wife Jacqueline, a former French diplomat; they divorced after 12 years of marriage so that he could marry Plame. His divorce had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-90s.^[15] Plame and Wilson are the parents of twins, Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in January 2000. From his first marriage (1973-1986), to Susan Dale Otchis, Wilson is also the father of another set of twins (also a boy and a girl), Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1975.

Prior to the disclosure of her classified CIA identity, Valerie and Joe Wilson and their twins lived in the Palisades, an affluent neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on the fringe of Georgetown.^[12] After she resigned from the CIA following the disclosure of her covert status, in January 2006, they moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico.^[16][3]

[edit] Career

After graduating from college, moving to Washington, D.C., and marrying Sesler, she "worked at a clothing store," while awaiting results of her application to the CIA.^[12] She was accepted into the 1985-86 CIA officer training class and began her training for what would become a twenty-year career with the Agency.^[3] Although the CIA will not release publicly the specific dates from 1985 to 2002 when she worked for it, due to security concerns,^[17][3] Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald affirmed that Plame "was a CIA officer from January 1st, 2002, forward" and that "her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003.^[18] Due to the nature of her clandestine work for the CIA, many details about Plame's professional career are still classified, but it is documented that she worked for the CIA in a clandestine capacity relating to counter-proliferation.^{[19][4][5][3]}

Plame served the CIA as a non-official cover (or NOC), operating undercover in (at least) two positions in Athens and Brussels.^[20] While using her own name, "Valerie Plame," her assignments required posing in various professional roles in order to gather intelligence more effectively.^[21][22][23] Two of her covers include serving as a junior consular officer in the early 1990s in Athens and then later an energy analyst for the private company (founded in 1994) "Brewster Jennings & Associates", which the CIA later acknowledged was a front company for certain investigations.^[24]

John Crewdson, senior correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, notes that a former senior diplomat in Athens remembered Plame in her dual role and also recalled "that she served as one of the 'control officers' coordinating the visit of President George H.W. Bush to Greece and Turkey in July 1991."^[25] After the Gulf War in 1991, the CIA sent her first to the London School of Economics and then the College of Europe, in Bruges, for Master's degrees. After earning the second one, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment under cover as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings.^[12] Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.

She married Wilson in 1998 and gave birth to their twins in 2000,^[26] and resumed travel overseas in 2001, 2002, and 2003 "as part of her cover job. She met with folks who worked in the nuclear industry, cultivated sources, and managed spies. She was a national security asset until exposed. . . ."^[27] CBS has confirmed that part of her work involved ensuring that Iran did not acquire nuclear weapons.^[28]

Part of her work during this time, according to David Corn and Michael Isikoff, appears to have been concerned with determining the use of aluminum tubes purchased by Iraq.^[29] CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion were quoted by the White House as believing that Iraq was trying to acquire nuclear weapons and that these aluminum tubes could be used in a centrifuge for nuclear enrichment^[30][31] but Isikoff and Corn argue that the undercover work being done by Mrs. Wilson and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim.^[29]

Novak's disclosures in his column, which resulted in Plame's public outing on July 14, 2003, ended her career with the CIA, from which she later resigned in December 2005.^[7][8]

Although court affidavits of the Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald and exhibits pursuant to later U.S. Congressional investigations ascertain otherwise, some in the media (Jeff Gannon - White House reporter) questioned whether or not the CIA still considered Plame a covert officer — that is, the precise nature of her "classified" status or the type of "cover" that she had and whether or not it was "official" or "non-official" — at the time she was outed in the Novak column of July 14, 2003.^[32] But official legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, United States v. Libby, and Congressional investigations fully establish her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time that Novak's column was published in July 2003.^[8][33][34]

[edit] Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"

Main article: CIA leak grand jury investigation

Main article: Plame affair

Further information: Plame affair criminal investigation

[edit] CIA leak grand jury investigation

In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Fitzgerald explained in considerable detail the necessity of "secrecy" about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 — "when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown" — and the background and consequences of the indictment of Lewis Libby as it pertains to Valerie E. Wilson.^[35]

Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the "leak investigation" and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by "the rules of grand jury secrecy," he could and could not reveal legally at the time.^[35] Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006, reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting with New York Times reporter Judith Miller to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."^[36] According to his testimony, the information that Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassador Joseph Wilson." A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, then-National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice told reporters, "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding "We're looking at what can be made available."^[37] A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on July 18, 2003, ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at a White House background briefing on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq.^[38] The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the Special Counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."^[39] President Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever outed Plame.^[37]

A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Plame was not foremost on the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges made by her husband, that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say he was told to reveal Plame's identity.^[40] The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband to Africa as important," indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to call Karl Rove to the stand. According to Rove's lawyer, Fitzgerald has decided against pressing charges against Rove.^[7]

The five-count indictment of Libby included perjury (two counts), obstruction of justice (one count), and making false statements to federal investigators (two counts).

Columnist Robert Novak revealed that former Deputy Secretary of State, and Bush administration's internal Iraq war critic, Richard Armitage was the source of "the leak" about Plame's status. Neither Armitage nor anyone else has been charged with revealing Plame's CIA cover status.

[edit] Libby trial

Main article: United States v. Libby

On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one count of making false statements. He was not charged for revealing Wilson's CIA status. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On July 2, 2007, President George W. Bush commuted Libby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine and probation, calling the sentence "excessive."^[41][42] In a subsequent press conference, on July 12, 2007, Bush noted, "...the Scooter Libby decision was, I thought, a fair and balanced decision."^[43] The Wilsons responded to the commutation in statements posted by their legal counsel, Melanie Sloan, executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), and on their own legal support website.

See also: Joseph C. Wilson#Wilson's reactions to the Libby trial and commutation

[edit] The Wilsons' civil suit: Wilson v. Cheney

Main article: Wilson v. Cheney

On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Rove, Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney, and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added Richard Armitage^[44]) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.^[45] Judge John D. Bates dismissed the Wilson's lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007;^{[46][47][48][49]} the Wilsons have since appealed.^[50]

[edit] House Oversight Committee hearing

On March 8, 2007, two days after the verdict in the Libby trial, Congressman Henry Waxman, chair of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, announced that his committee would ask Plame to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."^[51][52]

On March 16, 2007, at these hearings about the disclosure, Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared by CIA director Gen. Michael V. Hayden and the CIA, stating that she was undercover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure under Executive Order 12958. Wilson served in senior management positions at the CIA, in which she oversaw the work of other CIA employees, and in her various positions at the CIA, had faced significant risks to her personal safety and her life.^[33]

Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony:

• "My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."^[53]
• After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."^[54]
• She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was no nepotism involved. I did not have the authority...."^[54][55][56]

[edit] Fair Game

On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial (March 6, 2007), Joseph C. Wilson appeared on Larry King Live, during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with Warner Bros of Hollywood to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.^[57] According to an article by Michael Fleming published in Variety earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's Akiva Goldsman and Jerry and Janet Zucker of Zucker Productions with a screenplay by Jez and John Butterworth to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's memoir Fair Game (contingent on CIA clearances) originally scheduled for release in August 2007, but ultimately published on October 22, 2007.^[58]

In May 2006, the New York Times reported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal with Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House. As reported initially, her memoir, Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House (2007), was initially scheduled for publication in fall 2007. Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be her "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."^[59] Subsequently, the New York Times reported that the book deal fell through and that Plame was in exclusive negotiations with Simon & Schuster.^[60] Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.^[61][29]

On May 31, 2007, various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suing J. Michael McConnell, Director of National Intelligence, and Michael V. Hayden, Director of the CIA, arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir, Fair Game, ... set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates she served in the CIA, even though those dates are public information."^[62][63]

"Although that information is set out in an unclassified letter to Ms. Wilson [relating to her retirement] that has been published in the Congressional Record [and subsequently circulated widely]," according to Adam Liptak in The New York Times, "the C.I.A. insists that her dates of service remain classified and may not be mentioned in 'Fair Game,' the memoir Ms. Wilson hopes to publish in October. ... The C.I.A. has been adamant in refusing to confirm the dates or details of Ms. Wilson’s service before 2002."^[17]

On August 3, 2007, Liptak reported that Judge Barbara S. Jones, of the United States District Court for the District of New York, in Manhattan, had decided that Plame would not be able to state in her memoir precisely the dates that she had worked for the CIA, even though they are already published in documents in the public domain:

The C.I.A. has publicly acknowledged only that Ms. Wilson worked there from 2002 to January 2006, when she resigned. A February 2006 letter from the C.I.A. to Plame about her retirement benefits said that she had worked for the agency since November 9, 1985, for a total of "20 years, 7 days," including "six years, one month and 29 days of overseas service." The letter was published in the Congressional Record in connection with proposed legislation concerning her benefits, and it remains available on the Library of Congress's Web site. Jones acknowledged that the C.I.A. "does not contest that the information is, in fact, in the public domain," adding that "the public may draw whatever conclusions it might from the fact that the information at issue was sent on C.I.A. letterhead by the chief of retirement and insurance services."^[3]

According to Liptak, "The C.I.A. apparently had no significant objections to the manuscript beyond the dispute over how long Ms. Wilson worked for it. In a December 2006 letter quoted in Judge Jones's decision, the agency's publication review board said the manuscript was "replete with statements" that "become classified when they are linked with a specific time frame", but it has cleared the way for her to publish her memoir otherwise in the autumn of 2007."^[3]

According to a review of the book by Janet Maslin that appeared in the October 22, 2007 edition of the New York Times, the manuscript draft which Plame was contractually obligated to submit to the CIA Publications Review Board came back heavily expurgated, with the expectation that the book would be rewritten to make sense despite the many required deletions. Plame and her publisher, Simon & Schuster, responded that much of the censored information was in the public domain, and that CIA's suppression of information was itself part of her story. They elected to publish Fair Game with the censor's marks visible as blacked-out words, lines, paragraphs or pages, with an 80-page afterword by reporter Laura Rozen that uses matters of public record to fill in some of the gaps.^[64][65]

The week after the October 22, 2007, publication of Fair Game, on October 28, 2007, Valerie Plame Wilson was the keynote speaker of the Fourth Annual Vermont Woman Newspaper Lecture Series, in South Burlington, Vermont, speaking on the topic "Taking Back the White House in an Abuse of Public Trust" and answering questions following her presentation.^[66]

On October 31, 2007, in her "conversation" with Charlie Rose broadcast on The Charlie Rose Show (recorded on October 29, 2007), she discussed many aspects relating to her memoir: the CIA leak grand jury investigation, United States v. Libby, the civil suit which she and her husband are still pursuing against Libby, Cheney, Rove, and Armitage, and other matters presented in her memoir relating to her covert work with the CIA.^[67]

[edit] See also

• National Clandestine Service

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Amended Complaint. FindLaw.com, September 13, 2006.
• "AP falsely reported Wilson 'acknowledged his wife was no longer in an undercover job' when her identity was first publicly leaked". Media Matters for America. July 15, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• "Armitage's Leak Poses More Questions". Townhall.com, September 8, 2006. Accessed June 17, 2007.
• "End of an Affair: It Turns Out That the Person Who Exposed CIA Agent Valerie Plame Was Not Out to Punish Her Husband". The Washington Post, September 1, 2006.
• Corn, David. "Explosive New Rove Revelation Coming Soon? Update: It's Here". The Huffington Post (blog), July 9, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• –––. "Toensing and WSJ: Corn Outed Plame (Here We Go Again)". DavidCorn.com (journalist's blog), September 15, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply to Toensing.)
• –––. "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA". The Nation (web only). September 6, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• –––. "A White House Smear". The Nation (Capital Games blog), July 16, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• Crewdson, John. "Internet Blows CIA Cover". The Chicago Tribune, March 13, 2006. Accessed November 16, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
• –––. "Plame's Identity, If Truly a Secret, Was Thinly Veiled". The Chicago Tribune, March 11, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
• Ensor, David, et al. "Novak: 'No great crime' with Leak". Inside Politics on CNN. CNN.com, October 1, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• Finn, Ed. "How Deep Is CIA Cover?" Slate, September 30, 2003. Accessed November 16, 2006.
• Isikoff, Michael. "Leak Investigation: The Russert Deal—What It Reveals". Newsweek, August 1, 2006. Accessed November 13, 2006.
• –––. "Matt Cooper's Source: What Karl Rove Told Time Magazine's Reporter". Newsweek June 18, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2006.
• –––, and David Corn. Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War. New York: Crown, 2006 (September 8). ISBN 0-307-34681-1.
• Johnson, Larry C. "Fighting Rove's Gang of Bullies: A Former CIA Analyst Speaks Up in the Hopes of Freeing His Former Colleague, Valerie Plame, from the RNC's 'malicious smear campaign'". AlterNet, July 25, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
• –––. "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover". No Quarter (blog), March 13, 2006. Accessed November 19, 2006. (Reply to Crewdson.)
• Johnston, David, and Richard W. Stevenson, with David E. Sanger. "Rove Reportedly Held Phone Talk on C.I.A. Officer". The New York Times, July 15, 2005. Accessed November 16, 2006.
• Kincaid, Cliff. "AIM Column: Why Judith Miller Should Stay In Jail". Accuracy In Media, July 11, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
• Leiby, Richard. "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold". The Washington Post, October 29, 2005. Accessed August 22, 2007.
• Leonnig, Carol D. "Papers Say Leak Probe Is Over". Washington Post, April 6, 2005: A12.
• Novak, Robert. "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post, September 13, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• –––. "Mission to Niger". The Washington Post, July 14, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• –––. "My Role in Plamegate". Online posting. RealClearPolitics.com (blog), July 12, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006.
• Parry, Robert. "New Clues in the Plame Mystery". ConsortiumNews.com, September 15, 2006. Accessed November 8, 2006.
• Pincus, Walter, and Mike Allen. "Leak of Agent's Name Causes Exposure of CIA Front Firm". The Washington Post, October 4, 2003: A03.
• Rose, Charlie. "A Conversation with Valerie Plame Wilson". The Charlie Rose Show. PBS, WNET (New York). Recorded October 29, 2007. Broadcast October 31, 2007, 12:30 a.m. ET-1:00 a.m. ET. Accessed November 6, 2007. (Video clip.)
• Smyth, Frank. CPJ Statement: Commentary: U.S. Sends the Wrong Message to the World". IFEX (International Freedom of Expression Exchange), June 30, 2005, updated July 1, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
• Toensing, Victoria. "The Plame Kerfuffle: What a Load of Armitage! What Did Patrick Fitzgerald Know, and When Did He Know It?" The Wall Street Journal, September 15, 2006, Editorial. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply by Corn, "Toensing and WSJ.")
• Waas, Murray S.. "Cheney Authorized Libby to Leak Classified Information" National Journal, February 9, 2006. Accessed September 10, 2007.
• –––. "Exclusive: Plame Game Over?" American Prospect, April 6, 2005. Accessed September 10, 2007.
• –––, with research assistance by Thomas Lang. "Plame Gate: Did Robert Novak Willfully Disregard Warnings That His Column Would Endanger Valerie Plame? Our Sources Say 'Yes'". American Prospect, February 12, 2004. Accessed September 25, 2006. (Web-exclusive feature article.)
• Ward, Vicky. "Double Exposure: As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame—Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair". Vanity Fair, January 2004. Rpt. vanityfair.com. Accessed July 10, 2007. (11 pages.)
• Wheeler, Marcy. Anatomy of Deceit: How the Bush Administration Used the Media to Sell the Iraq War and Out a Spy. Berkeley: Vaster Books (Dist. by Publishers Group West), 2007. ISBN 0-979-17610-7 (10). ISBN 978-0979-17610-4 (13).
• "White House Counsel Questioned in CIA Leak". Las Vegas Sun, June 18, 2004.
• Wilson, Joseph C., IV. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0.
• –––. "What I Didn't Find in Africa". The New York Times, July 6, 2003. Accessed July 10, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007.
• Wilson, Valerie Plame. "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House". New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007. ISBN 1416537619 (10). ISBN 978-1416537618 (13).
• Wolf, Christopher. "Plame Investigation Is Not a 'Game'." Letter to the Editor. Washington Post, January 18, 2005: A16. [A neighbor of Valerie E. Wilson, Wolf is also a lawyer representing her.]

[edit] External links

• CNN Special Reports: CIA Leak Investigation compiled by CNN; incl. interactive timeline of Main Events and "Key Players" (click on photo captioned "Plame").
• Interactive Graphic: Timeline of a Leak compiled by The New York Times (double-click on photo captioned "Ms. Wilson").
• "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity". U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee). March 16, 2007. Accessed October 22, 2007. Hyperlinked menu with streaming video of hearing and "Documents and Links" (box), featuring documents chart, "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).
• The Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust. Accessed June 10, 2008.
• "Patrick J. Fitzgerald", U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel.
• United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee Hearing, United States House of Representatives Government Reform Committee Minority, "A Special Joint Oversight Hearing on the National Security Consequences of Disclosing the Identity of a Covert Intelligence Officer", with link to "Hearing Transcript". July 22, 2005. Accessed August 12, 2007.
• Valerie Plame Wilson Blog at The Huffington Post.