小灰人
维基百科，自由的百科全书
小灰人在外星人研究學中也名羅斯威爾外星人, Zetas, 和Reticulians,首次目擊報告是1961/9/19，也是一種外星人或外星生命的通稱，特別是在飛碟相關事件和超常理事件中. 雖然有人自稱見到各種不同外星人,但是小灰人依然舉足輕重佔有75%美國目擊報告, 20%的歐洲大陸目擊報告, 12%英國目擊報告.[1]
目录 |
[编辑] 外觀
典型的小灰人描述是120 cm (4呎)高或 超過五呎高, 有灰色(也有說是藍灰/綠灰/紅灰)皮膚.身體細小,沒有大塊肌肉. 腳短, 步伐不敏捷. 手長及膝, 手有三指或三指加一拇指. 球狀無髮的頭由細的脖子支撐, 頭的比例大, (黑色) 大眼睛. 扁平鼻子,細的嘴巴沒有外耳. 在許多案例,鼻孔也有像是垂直兩條裂口狀的.
有時說他們是穿著灰色緊身衣制服.也有人說是赤裸. 而不管是衣服或赤裸都無法分辨性別，都看不到外生殖器.
[编辑] 小灰人的傳說
[编辑] 1890年-1950年
Although the exact appearance of the Grey has varied with time and media, the overall concept of "a thin diminutive grey figure with a bulbous bald head, large almond shape eyes, and minimal facial features", has existed in popular culture for over 100 years.類似小灰人的概念在多個科幻小說登場，包括H·G·威爾斯系列小說，其中1901年《月球上最早的人类》將整個月亮設有居所 ，外星人設定是頭無鼻，眼睛出現凸塊，步姿古怪。[2]
The concept was continued in comics and science fiction magazines into the early 20th century, including such works as David H. Keller's The Conquerors, which was serialized in the Wonder stories, starting in 1929 December.
[编辑] 1950-1960
In the wake of the Kenneth Arnold sightings, the 1950s saw an increased public awareness of ETH and Flying saucer in America; leading to a corresponding increase in the appearance of Grey-like creatures in cinema and television.
[编辑] 1960-1970
19760年代，灰人開始在小說中流行，but this began to change in 1965 when the Boston Traveler published the purportedly true story of abductees Betty and Barney Hill. The story included details from a hypnosis session, conducted a year earlier by Dr. Benjamin Simon, in which the Hills described being taken aboard a pancake-like craft by small hairless men with no noses and slanted eyes that wrapped around to the sides of their heads.[3]
On 10 February 1964; 12 days prior to the Hills undergoing hypnosis, the science fiction series The Outer Limits ran an episode entitled "The Bellero Shield", which featured a hairless, noseless alien with a bulbous head and 'wrap-around eyes'.[4]
Betty Hill maintained that she had not seen The Outer Limits, and said that it was unlikely that her husband had seen the episode, because he would either have been working, or performing community activities, during the series' time slot.[4]
In 1968, Greys became associated with the Zeta Reticuli system, after amateur astronomer Marjorie Fish compared a Star Map drawn by Betty Hill to astronomical charts, and determined that the twelve stars depicted on the map showed the aliens' home to be a planet in the Zeta Reticuli system, situated approximately 39 light years from Earth. This led to Greys sometimes being referred to as 'Zetas' or 'Reticulians' in popular culture.
[编辑] 1970-1980年代
In 1977, Director Steven Spielberg chose Greys as the alien protagonist for his film Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The Greys have since become the archetypal image of an alien for many UFO investigators and the general public.
不明生物研究學家Leonard H. Stringfield began to take the stories of crashed flying saucers, retrieved alien bodies, and autopsies on the bodies seriously. From a variety of sources, he built up a composite of the retrieved bodies, which seem to be that of the classic Greys. Stringfield presented his preliminary results at a MUFON symposium in 1978.
1980年代，Stringfield presented a second document to MUFON in which he presented a series of anatomical diagrams which he stated that he obtained from medical personnel who claim to have performed autopsies on alien corpses during the 1950s. [5] His report included a number of characteristics that can be found in many contemporary Grey reports and in theatrical reproductions.
- Overall humanoid appearance. Bodies usually described as "formed out of a mold" with identical facial characteristics.
- 身高3-1/2至4-1/2吋，體重約40磅。
- Two round eyes without pupils with heavy brow ridge. Eyes described variously as large, almond-shaped, elongated, sunken/deep set, far apart, slightly slanted, appearing "Oriental" or "Mongoloid."
- The head was large by human standards for the size of the body. It is often described as "pear-shaped." X-ray revealed a human-like mandible, maxilla, and other cranial bone structure.
- No ear lobes or protruding flesh beyond holes on each side of head.
- Vague nose, two holes with only a slight protuberance.
- Mouth a small "slit" without lips, opening into a small cavity. Mouth appears not to function for communication or food ingestion. There is only a hint of a tongue. There are no teeth. There is a membrane at the back of the mouth separating it from what would be the digestive tract. However, there is no digestive system or GI tract.
- 頸子很少，有時是看不到的。
- 沒有頭髮，sometimes a slight fuzz.身體無體毛
- Torso is small and thin. In most instances, the body was observed wearing a metallic but flexible garment.
- Arms are described as long, thin, and reaching down to the knee section.腳部是短而幼少。
- Hand is generally described with four fingers and no thumb with slight webbing between fingers. Two fingers appear longer than the others. Sometimes fingernails are reported.
- Skin variously reported as beige, tan, brown, tannish, pinkish, or bluish gray. Texture is scaly or reptilian, elastic and mobile over smooth muscle or skeletal tissue. No striated muscle.
- There are either no reproductive organs or atrophied reproductive organs.
[编辑] 1980-1990
During the early 1980s Greys were linked to the alleged crash landing of a flying saucer in Roswell New Mexico, in 1947, by a number of publications which contained statements from witnesses who claimed to have seen the US military handling a number of unusually proportioned, bald, child-sized corpses. The witnesses claimed that the corpses had over-sized heads and slanted eyes - but scant other facial features - during and after the incident. [6]
In 1987 popular novelist Whitley Strieber published the book Communion, in which he describes a number of close encounters he purports to have experienced with Greys and other extraterrestrial beings. The book became a New York Times bestseller.
[编辑] 1990-現代
During the 1990s, popular culture began to increasingly link Greys to a number of Military-industrial complex/New World Order conspiracy theories.[7]
Arguably, the most well known of these was The X-Files, which first screened in 1993. It combined the quest to find proof of the existence of Grey-like extraterrestrials with a number of UFO conspiracy theory subplots, in order to form its primary story arc. Other notable examples include Dark Skies; first broadcast in 1996, which expanded upon the MJ-12 conspiracy, and Stargate SG-1 which in the 1998 episode "Thor's Chariot" introduced the Asgard, a race of beneficent Greys who visited ancient Earth masquerading as characters from Norse Mythology.
In 1995 film maker Ray Santilli claimed to have obtained 22 reels of 16mm film that depicted the autopsy of a "real" Grey that was said to have been recovered from the site of the 1947 incident in Roswell, New Mexico.[8][9] However, in 2006 Santilli announced that the film was not original, but was instead a reconstruction created after the original film was found to have degraded. He maintained that a real Grey had been found and autopsied on camera in 1947, and that the footage released to the public contained a percentage of that original footage, but he was not able to say what that percentage was. This film became the subject of the British comedy movie Alien Autopsy starring popular television presenters Ant & Dec.[10][11]
In recent years, public opinion polls have indicated wide public belief that aliens have visited Earth. Grey aliens are the most commonly cited. According to Dr. Steven Greer, head of CSETI, over 400 "government, military, and intelligence community witnesses" have offered testimony to the existence of aliens and UFO and/or efforts to cover up their existence.[12]
[编辑] 由來
While Greys are commonly portrayed as being factual/fictional extraterrestrials, many related and alternative hypotheses exist in both science and popular culture.
Neurologist Dr. Steven Novella believes that the physical appearance of a Grey does not represent a real flesh and blood creature, but that it is instead a byproduct of the human imagination, with the Greys' most distinctive features representing everything that modern humans traditionally link with intelligence. “The aliens, however, do not just appear as humans, they appear like humans with those traits we psychologically associate with intelligence.” Novella holds that if you were to plot the physical differences between an ape and a human, and then apply these differences directly to a human model, the resulting human would strongly resemble a Grey. [13]
Philosopher Michael Grosso believes that Greys, along with many paranormal myths and legends throughout history, are the telepathic manifestation of the collective consciousness of a community or culture. [14] He proposes that the physical form of the Grey is that of a malnourished human being, not an alien, and that Greys may be a manifestation of guilt felt by the developed world over the plight of the developing world.
American researcher and self-termed alternative knowledge author Lloyd Pye advocates the hypothesis that modern Humans are the result of genetic intervention by Greys from another star system, and believes that there has been a sustained program to crossbreed Greys and Humans over the centuries. He holds that the Mexico Starchild skull constitutes empirical evidence in support of his standpoint.[15] According to English reproductive biologist Jack Cohen, the typical image of a Grey, given that it would have evolved on a world with different environmental and ecological conditions from Earth, is too physiologically similar to a human to be credible as a representation of an alien. [16]
It has also been suggested that Greys represent"
- A modern iteration of ancient folklore and myth
- Part of a government-led disinformation/plausible deniability campaign[17]
- Extradimensional life forms[18]
- A product of Government mind control experiments. [19][20]
[编辑] 對公眾文化的影響
小灰人對電影和文學創作有很多影響, 也是靈感來源, in a number of different franchises. 例如電視「星際之門」(StarGate SG-1)影集中,「仙宮人」就是小灰人的範本,[21]卡通系列南方公園, 在Cartman Gets An Anal Probe此集中小灰人被當成"來訪者"出現後來在 Cancelled一集中再次出現;其他集中也常以背景或配角出現, 特別是較早的幾季.
其他系列還有「羅斯威爾」影集系列 把小灰人當成陰謀策劃者; 本影集中Antar星系來的小灰人墜毀在地球上.
「七天」 也是一個影集系列, 片中的羅斯威爾外星人明確的被稱為小灰人. The time travel technology present in the show was a result of reverse-engineering the alien technology, said to originate from the Zeta Reticuli star system. In this series there are references to events related to the Greys as well, including the fact that the time machine made use of Ununpentium, a substance that was alleged by Bob Lazar to be the source of energy and antigravity in the extraterrestrial spacecrafts that he was tasked with reverse-engineering at the S4 base. Roger, an alien character in the FOX show American Dad, is made to look like a Grey. The miniseries Taken, Greys are the alien race that are in the center of the show.
Stereotypical designs of the Grey race have been featured in video game media as well, examples of this include an extraterrestrial race known as the Sectoids which make their appearance in X-COM: UFO Defense, other examples have them performing the role of primary antagonists in the game Area 51, where they are depicted practicing several behaviors related to popular belief such as forming crop circles and mutilating cattle.
The influence of the Greys as the most common form of extraterrestrial life depicted in popular culture has led to some indirect references, including the trophies given in the Spacey Awards which are silver busts in the form of a Grey's head. Greys also appear in the cyberpunk shooter Deus Ex, although it is later revealed that they are simply clones created from DNA found at Roswell.
小聯盟棒球隊 「拉斯維加斯51」 使用小灰人當標誌.
在「Animorphs」 系列影集, 外星人「Skrit Na」是一個小灰人,但是是來自於另一度空間.
受歡迎的「Destroy All Humans!」系列遊戲軟體(PS2.PS3.Wii),主角「Crypto」是一個小灰人.
[编辑] 相關連結
[编辑] 參考資料
- ^ Bryan, C.D.B（1995）．Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind．Alfred A. Knopf, Inc．ISBN B000I1AFBA．
- ^ Wells, H G［1901］（2004）．“XI”，The First Men in the Moon．Wildside Press．ISBN 0-8095-9653-9．
- ^ Lutrell, John H．zh-hans:“;zh-hant:「Did THEY Seize Couplezh-hans:”;zh-hant:」，Boston Traveler，1970年1月1日．
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Clark, Jerome［1998］．The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial，1st，Visible Ink，705．ISBN 1-57859-029-9．
- ^ Stringfield, Leonard H (1980) "Status Report II, The UFO Crash/Retrieval Syndrome: New Sources, New Data; Jan. 1980, MUFON, pp. 10-12, 30-33 (drawings)
- ^ Berlitz, Charles，Moore William（1980）．The Roswell Incident，1st，Grosset & Dunlap．ISBN 0-448-21199-8．
- ^ Grey Aliens Bite The Dust
- ^ Wingfield, George（1995年6月25日）． “The "Roswell" Film Footage”．Flying Saucer Review．20（2）．
- ^ 《Alien Autopsy: (Fact or Fiction?)》在互联网电影数据库（IMDb）
- ^ zh-hans:“;zh-hant:「Eamonn Investigates: Alien Autopsyzh-hans:”;zh-hant:」，British Sky Broadcasting，2006年4月4日．
- ^ Clarke, David（2006年6月1日）．“Alien Autopsy”．Fortean Times（210）．ISSN 0308-5899．
- ^ The Disclosure Project
- ^ Novella, Steven（2001年12月1日）．The Psychocultural Hypothesis．The New England Skeptical Society．於2006年10月1日查閱．
- ^ Grosso, Michael（1992）．Frontiers of the Soul: Exploring Psychic Evolution．Quest Books．ISBN 0-8356-0676-7．
- ^ Pye, Lloyd（1997）．Everything You Know Is Wrong (Book One: Human Origins)．Adamu Press．ISBN B000IZZLXS．
- ^ Cohen, Jack，Stewart, Ian（2002-02-07）．Evolving the Alien，1st，Ebury Press．ISBN 0-09-187927-2．
- ^ 引用错误 无效的
<ref>标签； 无文字提供于名为clary1的参照; $2 - ^ Thomas, Kenn（1999）．Cyberculture Counter conspiracy．Book Tree．ISBN 1-58509-125-1．
- ^ Cannon, Martin．The Controllers．
- ^ Constantine, Alex（1995）．Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A.．Feral House．ISBN 0-922915-28-8．
- ^ Stargate SG-1: Aliens．Sci Fi．於2007年12月26日查閱．
