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命运号实验舱 - Wikipedia

命运号实验舱

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命运号实验舱 (NASA)
命运号实验舱 (NASA)

命运号实验舱美国国际空间站上科学研究用载荷中的主要实验室。2001年2月上旬,它与团结号节点舱相连。命运号是NASA在1974年2月“空间实验室”(Skylab)退役后的第一个永久性运作的在轨实验室。

这个铝制的美国实验舱长28英呎(8.5344 公尺),宽14英呎(4.2672 公尺)。它包含3个圆柱形的部分和2个有可供宇航员进出舱的装置的锥形部分。命运号实验舱的后部与团结号节点舱相连。命运号实验舱的前部同和谐号节点舱相连。

在装备有加压设备的舱室内的宇航员们能进行多种科学领域的研究和试验,全世界的科学家们将使用由此得到的数据,提升他们在医学工程学生物工程学,物理学,材料科学地球科学等方面研究。

1995年,波音公司在位于阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的马歇尔空间飞行中心里的工厂开始建造这个16吨重的国家研究实验室。1998年,命运号被运往佛罗里达肯尼迪航天中心,并在那里由NASA接收,进行发射前的准备直到2000年8月。命运号于2001年2月7日由执行STS-98任务的亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机搭载入太空。


宇航员 Leroy Chiao 在命运号实验舱内(10月31日 2004)
宇航员 Leroy Chiao 在命运号实验舱内(10月31日 2004)

[编辑] 实验室结构

作为国际空间站上欧洲和日本的实验室,命运号上的有效载荷装载在国际标准载荷架(International Standard Payload Rack,简称ISPRs)上。抵达国际空间站时的命运号安装有5个这样的载荷架,包括能提供电力,冷水,再生空气以及温度湿度控制的设备。[1] 每个载荷架重大约1,200磅(540 kg)。7个另外的载荷架[2]将由执行STS-102任务的Leonardo MPLM装载到命运号上,其余的10个将由以后的任务运到命运号上。 [3] 命运号上总共会有23个载荷架,右舷(the starboard side)和左舷(the port side)以及前端各有6个,尾端有5个。

Internal to the laboratory are racks, rack standoffs, and vestibule jumpers. The lab racks house the system hardware in removable modular units. The rack standoffs provide a volume for ducting, piping and wiring to be run to/from the individual racks and throughout the Lab. The racks interface to the piping and wiring in the standoff via outlets and ports located in the standoffs at the base end of each rack location.

Jumpers in the vestibule, the area between Unity and Destiny, connect the piping and wiring between the two. Grounding straps between Unity and Destiny will be installed. One side of the grounding strap will be connected to the Active Common Berthing Mechanism (ACBM) on Unity, while the other end will be connected to the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) on Destiny.

Some of the mechanisms on Destiny are the CBMs (passive and active), hatches, and the laboratory window shutter. The ACBM is in the forward port of the laboratory. It is attached to the Harmony node. The PCBM on Destiny is located in the laboratory’s aft port. The ACBM in Unity’s forward port is latched to the laboratory’s PCBM to berth Destiny to Unity.

Each of the two berthing ports on Destiny contains a hatch. Both hatches are now normally open, and will remain open unless a situation arises requiring a module to be isolated.

Each hatch has a window. The hatches can be opened or closed from either side. The hatches have a pressure interlock feature, which prevents the hatch from being opened if there is a negative pressure across the hatch (higher pressure on the outside of the hatch).

Destiny has an optical quality window (principally for Earth science observations) and a window shutter to protect the window from potential micrometeoroid and orbital debris strikes during the life of the ISS. The crew manually opens the shutter to use the window. The shutter will be installed during the third scheduled space walk.

Destiny also contains the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI), transported to the Space Station on STS-121. This Freezer is used both to store samples and reagents on the ISS and to transport them to and from the space station in a temperature controlled environment.

[编辑] 规格

Destiny module docked to ISS
Destiny module docked to ISS
  • 长度: 8.53 米
  • 直径: 4.27 米
  • 重量: 32,000 磅 (14,500 公斤)

[编辑] 參考

NASA - U.S. Destiny Laboratory Template:Refstyle


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