东亚峰会

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中国大陆：东南亚国家联盟；台灣：東南亞國協；香港：東南亞國家聯盟；马来西亚、新加坡：亚细安 当前用字模式不作地区词转换
中国大陆：东盟；台灣：東協；香港：東盟；马来西亚、新加坡：亚细安 当前用字模式不作地区词转换
中国大陆：文莱；台灣：汶萊；香港：汶萊 当前用字模式不作地区词转换
中国大陆：老挝；台灣：寮國；香港：老撾；马来西亚、新加坡：寮国 当前用字模式不作地区词转换

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此條目仍有文字未被翻譯成中文，條目是根據en:East Asia Summit的內容進行翻譯的。（2008年2月20日）
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东亚峰会，英文名称为East Asia Summit (EAS)，是每年一次由泛东亚地区16个国家领导人参加的会议，东盟做作该会议的领导者。俄罗斯也于2005年申请加入，并以观察员身份参加。第一届峰会于2005年12月14日在吉隆坡举行，此后的峰会都于每年东盟领导人会议之后举行。

1 参与国家
2 峰会起源
3 举办过的东亚峰会
4 2005年第一届峰会
5 2007年第二届峰会
- 5.1 能源
- 5.2 Trade and the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA)
6 Third EAS in 2007
7 East Asian Community
8 The relationship with ASEAN Plus Three
9 未来潜在成员
10 参见条目
11 參考資料
12 外部链接

[编辑] 参与国家

红色代表东盟成员国；绿色代表东盟10+3之三国；蓝色为其它三个参与国家，黄色为俄罗斯

以下16国为第一届（2005年11月于马来西亚）和第二届（2007年1月于菲律宾）东亚峰会的参与国家：

东盟十国：
- 印度尼西亚
- 馬來西亞
- 菲律宾
- 新加坡
- 泰國
- 汶萊
- 越南
- zh:老撾; zh-hans:老挝; zh-hant:寮國; zh-hk:老撾
- 缅甸
- 柬埔寨
东盟10+3之三国：
其它国家：

[编辑] 峰会起源

The concept of an East Asia Grouping has significant history going back to an idea first promoted in 1991 by then Malaysian Prime Minister 马哈蒂尔 bin Mohamad for an East Asia Economic Caucus^[1].

The final report in 2002 of the East Asian Study Group, established by the ASEAN Plus Three countries, was based on an EAS involving ASEAN Plus Three, therefore not involving Australia, New Zealand or India ^[2]. The EAS as proposed was to be an ASEAN led development, with the summit to be linked to ASEAN summit meetings however the issue was to which contries beyond those in ASEAN the EAS was to be extended to.

The decision to hold the EAS was reached during the 2004 ASEAN Plus Three summit and the initial 16 members determined at the ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting held in Laos at the end of July 2005^[3].

Credit for advancing the forum during the 2004 ASEAN Plus Three summit has been attributed to Malaysia^[4]

[编辑] 举办过的东亚峰会

会议	举办国	举办地	日期	注释
第一届东亚峰会	馬來西亞	吉隆坡	2005年12月14日	俄罗斯以观察员身份出席
第二届东亚峰会	菲律宾	宿霧市	2007年1月15日	原计划应于2006年11月13日《東亞能源安全宿霧宣言》
第三届东亚峰会	新加坡	新加坡	2007年11月21日	《氣候變化、能源與環境新加坡宣言》 ^[5]
第四届东亚峰会	泰國	曼谷	未知	未知

[编辑] 2005年第一届峰会

Main article: 第一届东亚峰会

在第一次会议之前，关于哪些国家将参与峰会有过激烈的讨论。^[6] 当时，东盟10+3的三国（中国、日本、韩国）之间关系比较困难。^[7]印度、以及澳大利亚和新西兰的加入，感觉上是为了平衡中国的权力^[8]，这也意味着第一次峰会的成果比较有限。

美国没有出席会议，但是其盟友日本、澳大利亚、新加坡等国的加入，意味着东亚峰会的角色还需要进一步阐明。

[编辑] 2007年第二届峰会

Main article: 第二届东亚峰会

第二届峰会于2006年12月13日，在菲律宾的宿霧市举行。在峰会开幕时建立的信心有助于去定义东亚峰会未来的角色，以及和东盟10+3以及俄罗斯的关系。由于台风尤特的影响，会议一直拖至2007年1月才举行。^[9]。峰会被重新计划在2007年1月15日举行，大约在原计划日期之后一个月。

本届会议成果和概要记录在《第二届东亚峰会主席声明》（英文）。

[编辑] 能源

东亚峰会成员国签署了《東亞能源安全宿霧宣言》，一项关于能源安全及生物燃料的准备、目标的宣言和声明。^[10].

[编辑] Trade and the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA)

As to trade and regional integration the following was noted in the Chair's report:

12. We welcomed ASEAN's efforts towards further integration and community building, and reaffirmed our resolve to work closely together in narrowing development gaps in our region. We reiterated our support for ASEAN's role as the driving force for economic integration in this region. To deepen integration, we agreed to launch a Track Two study on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA) among EAS participants. We tasked the ASEAN Secretariat to prepare a time frame for the study and to invite all our countries to nominate their respective participants in it. We welcomed Japan's proposal for an Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).

The reality appears however that movement towards such a relationship is a long way-off. Lee Kuan Yew has compared the relationshiop between South-East Asia and India with that of the European Community and Turkey, and has suggested that a free-trade area involving South-East Asia and India is 30 to 50 years away^[11].

The members of EAS agreed to study the Japanese proposed ^[12] Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA). The Track Two report on CEPEA is due to be completed in mid-2008^[13] and at the Third EAS it was agreed this would be considered at the Fourth EAS.

As noted above the Second EAS welcomed the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). It was subsequently announced that the ERIA would be established in November 2007^[14] and confirmed at the Third EAS.

[编辑] Third EAS in 2007

Main article: Third EAS

The issues of Myanmar or Burma, following the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests,and climate change were expected to be discussed at the Third EAS.

Burma successfully blocked formal discussion of its internal affairs^[15].

The summit did issue the Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment^[16].

The Summit also agreed to the establishment of ERIA and to receive the final report on CEPEA at the Fourth EAS^[17].

The outcomes are summarised in the Chairman's Statement of the 3rd East Asia Summit Singapore, 21 November 2007.

[编辑] East Asian Community

Main article: East Asian Community

After the EAS was established the issue arose of whether any future East Asia Community would arise from the EAS or ASEAN Plus Three. Prior to the creation of the EAS it appeared that ASEAN Plus Three would take the role of community building in East Asia^[18]

Malyasia felt that it was still the case that the role of the community building fell to ASEAN Plus Three shortly before the second EAS despite "confusion"^[19]. China apparently agreed whereas Japan and India felt the EAS should be the focus of the East Asian Community^[20].

After the first EAS the feasibility of EAS to have a community building role was questioned with Ong Keng Yong, the secretary-general of ASEAN being quoted as describing the EAS as little more than a "brainstorming forum"^[21]. Nevertheless the Chairman’s Press Statement for the Seventh ASEAN Plus Three Foreign Ministers’ Meeting Kuala Lumpur, 26 July 2006 said

25. The Ministers welcomed the convening of the East Asia Summit as a forum for dialogue on broad strategic, political and economic issues of common interest with the aim of promoting peace, stability and economic prosperity in East Asia. In this respect, they recognized that the East Asia Summit could make a significant contribution to the achievement of the long-term goal of establishing an East Asian community.

It appeared that over time following the first EAS the focus was less on whether the EAS has a role in community building to what the role and whether it was secondary to ASEAN Plus Three. By mid-2006 the Chinese news site Xinhua Net suggested the community would would arise through a two-phase process with ASEAN Plus Three as the first phase and the EAS as the second phase ^[22]. The China-India joint declaration of 21 November 2006 linked, at paragraph 43, the EAS with the East Asian Community process^[23].

The concentric circle model of the community process with ASEAN at the centre, ASEAN Plus Three at the next band and the East Asia Summit at the outer band is supported by the Second Joint Statement on East Asia Cooperation Building on the Foundations of ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation which said:

III. Looking Forward to a Decade of Consolidation and Closer Integration (2007-2017)

A. Defining the Objectives and Roles of the ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation in the Emerging Regional Architecture

1. We reaffirmed that the ASEAN Plus Three Process would remain as the main vehicle towards the long-term goal of building an East Asian community, with ASEAN as the driving force.

...

3. We recognised and supported the mutually reinforcing and complementary roles of the ASEAN Plus Three process and such regional fora as EAS, ARF, APEC and ASEM to promote East Asian community building.

4. We reiterated that East Asian integration is an open, transparent, inclusive, and forward-looking process for mutual benefits and support internationally shared values to achieve peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region. Guided by the vision for durable peace and shared prosperity in East Asia and beyond, we will stand guided by new economic flows, evolving strategic interactions and the belief to continue to engage all interested countries and organisations towards the realisation of an open regional architecture capable of adapting to changes and new dynamism.

On any view community building is not a short term project. However after the second EAS the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh was confident that the EAS would lead to an East Asia Community^[24]. China had also apparently accepted this was the case^[25]

If achieved the Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) would be a tangible first step in the community building process. The second EAS seems to have increased confidence in CEPEA but is still only a proposal^[26].

It has been suggested that as the EAS consists of an "anti-region" the propsects of it forming a community are less than likely^[27].

[编辑] The relationship with ASEAN Plus Three

The relationship between the EAS on the one hand and ASEAN Plus Three on the other is still not clear. As discussed above, some countries are more supportive of the narrower ASEAN Plus Three grouping whereas others support the broader, more inclusive EAS. ASEAN Plus Three, which has been meeting since December 1997^[28] has a history, including the Chiang Mai initiative^[29] which appears to have led to the development of the Asian Currency Unit. This may be significant for those advocating a broader role for EAS in the future.

The tension between the groupings extends to the respective members' intentions towards future Free Trade Agreements with China and South Korea focused on ASEAN Plus Three and Japan on the broader EAS members^[30].

The 1997 Asian financial crisis had demonstrated the need for regional groupings and initiatives. It was during this time ASEAN Plus Three had commenced and it was also during this time that the East Asian caucus was being discussed.

The EAS is just one regional grouping and some members down play its significance, the former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has stated that the EAS was secondary as as regional summit to Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) which has on his view a premier role ^[31]. Not all members of the EAS, notably India, are members of APEC. However as the EAS meetings are scheduled with the ASEAN Plus Three meetings (they both follow the annual ASEAN meetings) and all members of ASEAN Plus Three are members of EAS the ability of the two forums to remain relevant given the existence of the other remains in question. China has stated its preference for both EAS and ASEAN Plus Three to exist side-by-side^[32].

The relationship between APEC, ASEAN Plus Three and the EAS remained unresolved heading into the 2007 APEC meeting^[33]. Following the meeting Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi described ASEAN Plus Three as the primary vehicle and implied APEC was the lesser of the three^[34]. At the same time a Malaysian commentator writing in a Singaporean newspaper described concentric circles for the three with ASEAN Plus Three at the centre and APEC at the outer, also suggested the Nikai Initiative, with its regional OECD like plans, might overtaking the remaining role for APEC^[35].