Kiluwiri

Kutoka Wikipedia

Kiluwiri

Kiluwiri wa Ulaya

Uainishaji wa kisayansi

Himaya:	Animalia (Wanyama)
Faila:	Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
Ngeli:	Aves (Ndege)
Oda:	Gruiformes (Ndege kama makorongo)
Familia:	Rallidae (Ndege walio na mnasaba na viluwiri)
Jenasi:	Aenigmatolimnas Peters, 1932 Amaurolimnas Sharpe, 1893 Amaurornis Reichenbach, 1853 Anurolimnas Sharpe, 1893 Aramides Pucheran, 1845 Aramidopsis Sharpe, 1893 Atlantisia Lowe, 1923 Canirallus Bonaparte, 1856 Coturnicops Gray, 1855 Crecopsis Sharpe, 1893 Crex Bechstein, 1803 Cyanolimnas Barbour & Peters, 1927 Dryolimnas Sharpe, 1893 Eulabeornis Gould, 1844 Gallirallus Lafresnaye, 1841 Gymnocrex Salvadori, 1875 Habroptila Gray, 1860 Himantornis Hartlaub, 1855 Laterallus Gray, 1855 Lewinia Gray, 1855 Megacrex Albertis & Salvadori, 1879 Micropygia Bonaparte, 1856 Neocrex Sclater & Salvin, 1869 Nesoclopeus Peters, 1932 Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856 Porzana Vieillot, 1816 Rallina Gray, 1846 Rallus Linnaeus, 1758

Viluwiri ni ndege wa jenasi mbalimbali za familia ya Rallidae. Spishi za jenasi Rallus zinaitwa kibilinzi pia. Viluwiri wa Afrika wana rangi zilizofifia na hawaoneki rahisi wotoni, lakini husikika mara zaidi. Wana domo refu, miguu myembamba na vidole virefu. Spishi nyingi zaidi zinatokea karibu na maji, mabwawani au nyikani majimaji ambapo hula wadudu na wanyama wadogo wa maji na wa matope. Kwa kawaida tago lao limefanyika kwa mimea ya maji kwa umbo wa bakuli mahali pakavu katika bwawa na hutaga mayai mawili hadi kumi na mawili.

[hariri] Spishi za Afrika

Aenigmatolimnas marginalis, Kiluwiri Michirizi (Striped Crake)
Amaurornis flavirostra, Kiluwiri Mweusi (Black Crake)
Amaurornis olivieri, Kiluwiri wa Sakalava (Sakalava Rail)
Amaurornis phoenicurus, Kiluwiri Kidari-cheupe (White-breasted Waterhen)
Atlantisia rogersi, Kiluwiri wa Kisiwa Kisichofikika (Inaccessible Island Rail)
Canirallus kioloides, Kiluwiri Malagasi (Madagascar Wood Rail)
Canirallus oculeus, Kiluwiri Koo-kijivu (Grey-throated Rail)
Crecopsis egregia, Kiluwiri wa Afrika (African Crake)
Crex crex, Kiluwiri wa Ulaya (Corn Crake)
Dryolimnas augusti Kiluwiri wa Réunion Réunion Rail) imekwisha sasa (mwisho wa karne ya 17)
Dryolimnas cuvieri, Kiluwiri Koo-jeupe (White-throated or Cuvier’s Rail)
- Dryolimnas c. aldabranus, Kiluwiri wa Aldabra (Aldabra White-throated Rail)
- Dryolimnas c. abbotti, Kiluwiri wa Assumption (Assumption White-throated Rail) imekwisha sasa (mwanzo wa karne ya 20)
Himantornis haematopus, Kiluwiri Miguu-myekundu (Nkulengu Rail)
Porzana astrictocarpus Kiluwiri wa Saint Helena (Saint Helena Crake) imekwisha sasa (mwanzo wa karne ya 16)
Porzana parva, Kiluwiri Mdogo (Spotted Crake)
Porzana porzana, Kiluwiri Madoa (Spotted Crake)
Porzana pusilla, Kiluwiri wa Baillon (Baillon’s Crake)
Rougetius rougetii, Kiluwiri wa Rouget (Rouget’s Rail)
Rallus aquaticus, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi wa Ulaya (European Water Rail)
Rallus caerulescens, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi wa Afrika (African Water Rail)
Rallus madagascariensis, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi Malagasi (Madagascar Water Rail)

[hariri] Spishi za mabara mengine

Amaurolimnas concolor (Uniform Crake)
Amaurornis akool) (Brown Crake)
Amaurornis bicolor (Black-tailed Crake)
Amaurornis isabellina (Isabelline Bush-hen)
Amaurornis moluccana (Rufous-tailed Waterhen au Rufous-tailed Bush-hen)
Amaurornis olivacea (Bush-hen au Plain Bush-hen)
Amaurornis magnirostris (Talaud Bush-hen)
Anurolimnas castaneiceps (Chestnut-headed Crake)
Anurolimnas fasciatus (Black-banded Crake)
Anurolimnas viridis (Russet-crowned Crake)
Aramides axillaris (Rufous-necked Wood-rail)
Aramides cajanea (Grey-necked Wood-rail)
Aramides calopterus (Red-winged Wood-rail)
Aramides gutturalis (Red-throated Wood-rail; spishi si hakika) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 20?)
Aramides mangle (Little Wood-rail)
Aramides saracura (Slaty-breasted Wood-rail)
Aramides wolfi (Brown Wood-rail)
Aramides ypecaha (Giant Wood-rail)
Aramidopsis plateni Snoring Rail au Celebes au Platen's Rail
Coturnicops exquisitus (Swinhoe's Rail)
Coturnicops notatus (Speckled Crake)
Coturnicops noveboracensis (Yellow Rail)
Cyanolimnas cerverai (Zapata Rail)
Eulabeornis castaneoventris (Chestnut Rail)
Gallirallus australis (Weka)
Gallirallus lafresnayanus (New Caledonian Rail) imekwisha yamkini
Gallirallus sylvestris (Lord Howe Woodhen)
Gallirallus okinawae (Okinawa Rail)
Gallirallus calayanensis (Calayan Rail)
Gallirallus torquatus (Barred Rail)
Gallirallus insignis (New Britain Rail)
Gallirallus philippensis (Buff-banded Rail)
Gallirallus rovianae (Roviana Rail)
Gallirallus owstoni (Guam Rail) imekwisha mwituni
Gallirallus dieffenbachii (Dieffenbach's Rail) imekwisha sasa
Gallirallus pacificus (Tahiti Rail) imekwisha sasa
Gallirallus wakensis (Wake Island Rail) imekwisha sasa
Gallirallus sharpei (Sharpe's Rail) imekwisha yamkini
Gallirallus striatus (Slaty-breasted Rail)
Gymnocrex plumbeiventris (Bare-eyed Rail)
Gymnocrex rosenbergii (Blue- au Bald-faced Rail)
Gymnocrex talaudensis (Talaud Rail)
Habroptila wallacii (Invisible Rail au Wallace's au Drummer Rail)
Micropygia schomburgkii (Ocellated Crake)
Laterallus albigularis (White-throated Crake)
Laterallus exilis (Grey-breasted Crake)
Laterallus jamaicensis (Black Rail)
Laterallus leucopyrrhus (Red-and-white Crake)
Laterallus levraudi (Rusty-flanked Crake)
Laterallus melanophaius (Rufous-sided Crake)
Laterallus ruber (Ruddy Crake)
Laterallus spilonotus (Galapagos Rail)
Laterallus tuerosi (Junin Rail)
Laterallus xenopterus (Rufous-faced Crake)
Lewinia mirifica (Brown-banded Rail)
Lewinia muelleri (Auckland Rail)
Lewinia pectoralis (Lewin's Rail)
Megacrex inepta (New Guinea Flightless Rail)
Neocrex colombiana (Colombian Crake)
Neocrex erythrops (Paint-billed Crake)
Nesoclopeus poecilopterus (Bar-winged Rail) imekwisha sasa (kadiri ya 1980)
Nesoclopeus woodfordi (Woodford's Rail)
Pardirallus maculatus (Spotted Rail)
Pardirallus nigricans (Blackish Rail)
Pardirallus sanguinolentus (Plumbeous Rail)
Porzana albicollis (Ash-throated Crake)
Porzana atra (Henderson Island Crake)
Porzana carolina (Sora)
Porzana cinerea (White-browed Crake)
Porzana flaviventer (Yellow-breasted Crake)
Porzana fluminea (Australian Spotted Crake)
Porzana fusca (Ruddy-breasted Crake)
Porzana monasa (Kosrae Island Crake) imekwisha sasa (nusu ya pili ya karne ya 19)
Porzana nigra (Miller's Crake; spishi si hakika) imekwisha sasa (kadiri ya 1800)
Porzana palmeri (Laysan Rail) imekwisha sasa (1944)
Porzana paykullii (Band-bellied Crake)
Porzana sandwichensis (Hawaiian Rail) imekwisha sasa (kadiri ya 1890)
Porzana spiloptera (Dot-winged Crake)
Porzana tabuensis (Spotless Crake)
Rallina canningi (Andaman Crake)
Rallina eurizonoides (Slaty-legged Crake)
Rallina fasciata (Red-legged Crake)
Rallina forbesi (Forbes's Forest-rail)
Rallina leucospila (White-striped Forest-rail)
Rallina mayri (Mayr's Forest-rail)
Rallina rubra (Chestnut Forest-rail)
Rallina tricolor (Red-necked Crake)
Rallus antarcticus (Austral Rail)
Rallus elegans (King Rail)
Rallus limicola (Virginia Rail)
Rallus longirostris (Clapper Rail)
Rallus semiplumbeus (Bogota Rail)
Rallus wetmorei (Plain-flanked Rail)

[hariri] Spishi za kabla ya historia

Gallirallus epulare (Nuku Hiva Rail)
Gallirallus gracilitibia (Ua Huka Rail)
Gallirallus huiatua (Niue Rail)
Gallirallus ripleyi (Mangaia Rail)
Gallirallus roletti (Tahuata Rail)
Gallirallus storrsolsoni (Huahine Rail)
Gallirallus vekamatolu (‘Eua Rail; ndege wa kufanana ameoneka kisiwani kwa Vava‘u mwaka 1793)
Gallirallus cf. owstoni (Marianas Rail)
Gallirallus sp. (New Ireland Rail)
Gallirallus sp. (Norfolk Island Rail; ameendelea kuishi labda mpaka karne ya 19)
?Gallirallus sp. (Hiva Oa Rail)
Porzana estramosi (Sajóvölgyi, Hungaria, mwisho wa Miocene)
Porzana keplerorum (Small Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana menehune (Liliput Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana piercei (Shore Hills, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
Porzana ralphorum (Great O‘ahu Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana rua (Mangaia Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana severnsi (Great Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana ziegleri (Small O‘ahu Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Easter Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Great Big Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Great Kaua‘i Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Huahine Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Mangaia Crake #2; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Marquesas Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Marianas Crake (labda spishi 2); mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Medium Kaua‘i Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Medium Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana sp. (Small Big Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Porzana cf. flaviventer (Bermuda)
Rallus auffenbergi (kusini-mashariki ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, kati ya Pleistocene) - zamani Porzana
Rallus eivissensis (Ibiza Rail; mwisho wa Quaternary)
Rallus ibycus (Shore Hills, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
Rallus lacustris (kati ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, mwisho wa Pliocene)
Rallus natator (Pango la San Josecito, Mexico, Pleistocene) - zamani Epirallus
Rallus phillipsi (Wickieup, MMA, mwisho wa Pliocene)
Rallus prenticei (kati ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, mwisho wa Pliocene)
Rallus recessus (St Georges, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
Rallus richmondi - pamoja na R. dubius
Rallus sp. (Sajóvölgyi, Hungary, kati ya Miocene)
Rallus sp. (Rexroad, MMA, mwisho wa Pliocene)