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Ganda la dunia - Wikipedia

Ganda la dunia

Kutoka Wikipedia

Ganda la dunia linaloitwa pia tabakamwamba huonyeshwa kwenye picha kama mlia wa kijivu wa nje. Linakaa juu ya koti ya dunia au tabakalaini ambayo ni magma au mwamba moto katika hali ya kiowevu kama uji. Ndani ya koti kuna mizunguko ya mikondo ya mwamba moto kama ndani ya sufuria inayochemka. Katikati ya picha upande wa juu mkondo wa moto unasukuma dhidi ya ganda la nje. Unakata ganda na kusababisha kutokea kwa mabamba mawili yanayoachana polepole. Yanapoachana mgongo hukitokeza ambayo ni kama safu ya milima ya volkeno. Hapa magma kutoka koti hupanda juu na kupoa kuwa mwamba mpya.   Mabamba mawili ya katikati yanayosukumwa na kupaa kwa magma hujisukuma chini ya mabamba jirani. Hapa kando ya bamba huelekea chini kungia katika tabakalaini ambako mwamba wake unayeyuka na kuwa magma tena.
Ganda la dunia linaloitwa pia tabakamwamba huonyeshwa kwenye picha kama mlia wa kijivu wa nje. Linakaa juu ya koti ya dunia au tabakalaini ambayo ni magma au mwamba moto katika hali ya kiowevu kama uji. Ndani ya koti kuna mizunguko ya mikondo ya mwamba moto kama ndani ya sufuria inayochemka. Katikati ya picha upande wa juu mkondo wa moto unasukuma dhidi ya ganda la nje. Unakata ganda na kusababisha kutokea kwa mabamba mawili yanayoachana polepole. Yanapoachana mgongo hukitokeza ambayo ni kama safu ya milima ya volkeno. Hapa magma kutoka koti hupanda juu na kupoa kuwa mwamba mpya. Mabamba mawili ya katikati yanayosukumwa na kupaa kwa magma hujisukuma chini ya mabamba jirani. Hapa kando ya bamba huelekea chini kungia katika tabakalaini ambako mwamba wake unayeyuka na kuwa magma tena.

Ganda la dunia ni tabaka ya juu ya sayari yetu. Sehemu yake ya juu kabisa ni uso wa dunia. Ni sehemu ya tabakamwamba.

Dunia yetu hutazamiwa na sayansi kuwa na tabaka mbalimbali kama kitunguu. Tabaka ya nje ni imara yaitwa "ganda la nje la dunia". Chini yake ni tabaka inayoitwa "koti ya dunia" iko chini ya ganda hili la juu. Tabaka hii -inayoitwa "tabakamwamba"- inakaa juu ya tabaka moto na laini ya ndani zaidi.

Ganda la dunia si imara kabisa kama kama kipande kimoja lakini limevunika lina vipande mbalimbali. Vipande hiyi vyaitwa mabamba. Ganda ni jumla la mabamba yanayosukumwa na nguvu ya shindikizo kutoka kitovu cha dunia. Mabamba hugusana kila upande; mara yanasukumana mara bamba moja lasukumwa chini ya bamba lingine.

Mwamba wa ganda hutokea pale ambako magma (yaani mwamba moto wa kiowevu) inapanda juu penye migongo ya kati kwenye msingi wa bahari kama Mgongo kati wa Atlantiki inapopoa na kuganda. Nguvu ya kupanda kwa magma husukuma mabamba ya ganda.

Kinyume chake sehemu za ganda la dunia huzama chini pale ambako bamba moja linajisukuma chini ya bamba lingine na kuyeyuka katika magma ya koti ya dunia.

Tawi la sayansi linalochunguza dunia yetu kwa ndani hasa tabia za tabaka zake huitwa gandunia.

Image:WikiLettreMini.svg Makala hiyo kuhusu "Ganda la dunia" inatumia neno ambalo si kawaida na matumizi yake ni jaribio kwa jambo linalotajwa.
Wasomaji wanaombwa kuchangia mawazo yao.

Kamusi za Kiswahili ama zinatofautiana kuhusu matumizi ya neno hili au hazieleweki au hazina neno kwa jambo linalojadiliwa.

Image:WikiLettreMini.svg Makala hiyo kuhusu "Ganda la dunia" bado ni mbegu. Unaweza kusaidia kuikuza kwa kubofya kitufe kilichoandikwa "hariri".

Ikiwepo makala kuhusu Ganda la dunia kwa lugha nyingine, unaweza kuitafsiri kwa Kiswahili.


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