Baron
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Baron desemnează un titlu nobiliar.
Cuprins |
[modifică] Etimologie. În alte limbi
Originea cuvântului modern baron provine din franceza veche – baron, care, la rândul său poate avea la origine cuvântul german vechi baro (probabil „purtător (de greutăţi)”, cf. engl. to bear, lat. târzie baro). Probabil că sensul expresiei a evoluat către ideea de om puternic, din care a derivat înţelesul binecunoscut, acela de „nobil”.[1]
[modifică] În alte limbi
Titlul de baron a fost destul de comun în majoritatea statelor Europei, variind foarte puţin ca semnificaţie, ortografie şi pronunţie în diferite limbi. Conform tabelului de mai jos se pot observa formele cuvântului, atât forma cuvântului la masculin cât şi la feminin (acolo unde există), respectiv titlul domeniului deţinut de aceştia.
| Limbă | Masculin singular | Feminin singular | Domeniu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albaneză | Baron | Baroneshë | |
| Arabă | بارون (Baaroun) | بارونة (Baarouna) | |
| Belarusă | Baron | Baronesa | |
| Bulgară | Барон (Baron) | Баронеса (Baronesa) | |
| Catalană | Baró | Baronessa | |
| Croaţia | Barun | Barunica | Barunija |
| Cehă | Baron | Baronka, Baronesa | Baronie |
| Daneză | Baron, Friherre | Baronesse, Friherreinde | Baroni |
| Engleză | Baron | Baroness | Barony |
| Estoniană | Parun | Paruniproua, Paruness | |
| Finlandeză | Paroni, Vapaaherra | Paronitar, Vapaaherratar | Vapaaherrakunta ori doar Läänitys (sau, în vestul Europei, paronikunta) |
| French | Baron | Baronne | Baronie |
| Galician | Barón | Baronesa | Baronía |
| German | Baron, Freiherr | Baronin, Baronesse, Freifrau, Freiin | Herrschaft, Herrlichkeit, Rittergut |
| Greek | Varónos | Varóni | |
| Hebrew | ברון (Baron) | ברונית (Baronit) | ברונות (Barunoot) |
| Hungarian | Báró, Főúr | Bárónő | Báróság |
| Icelandic | Barón, Fríherra | Barónessa | |
| Irish | Barún | Banbharún | |
| Italian | Barone | Baronessa | Baronia |
| Latin | Baro | Baronissa | Baronatus |
| Latvian | Barons | Baronese | |
| Lithuanian | Baronas | Baroniene | |
| Luxemburgish | Baroun | Barounin, Baronesse | |
| Macedonian | Барон (Baron) | Бароница (Baronitsa) | Баронија |
| Maltese | Baruni | Barunessa | Barunijja / Barunat |
| Monegasque | Barun | Barunessa | |
| Neerlandeză | Baron, Vrijheer | Barones | Baronie |
| Norwegian | Baron, Friherre | Baronesse | Baroni |
| Old English | þegn | Hlǣfdiġe | |
| Polish | Baron | Baronowa, Baronówna | Baronia |
| Portuguese | Barão | Baronesa | Baronato |
| Rhaeto-Romanic | Barun | Barunessa | |
| Romanian | Baron | Baroneasă | Baronie |
| Russian | Барон (Baron) | Баронесса (Baronessa) | Баронство (Baronstvo) |
| Scottish Gaelic | Baran/Ridire | Bana-bharan/Ban-ridire | |
| Serbian | Baron | Baronica | Baronija |
| Slovak | Barón | Barónka | |
| Slovene | Baron | Baronica | |
| Spanish | Barón | Baronesa | Baronía |
| Swedish | Baron, Friherre | Friherrinna | Friherrskap |
| Turkish | Baron | Barones | Baronluk |
| Ukrainian | Baron | Baronka | Baronesa |
| Welsh | Barwn, Arglwydd | Barwnes, Arglwyddes | Barwniaeth |
[modifică] În lume
Like other major Western noble titles, Baron is sometimes used to render certain titles in non-western languages with their own traditions, even though they are necessarily historically unrelated and thus hard to compare, which are considered 'equivalent' in relative rank.
This is the case with China's Nan (男), hereditary title of nobility of the fifth rank (男爵), as well as its derivatives and adaptations:
- the Korean Namjak (男爵) or Chamise
- the Japanese equivalent Danshaku (男爵)
- the Vietnamese equivalent Nam tước
In some republics of continental Europe, the unofficial title of "Baron" retains a purely social prestige, with no particular political privileges.
In the Polynesian island monarchy of Tonga, as opposed to the situation in Europe, barons are granted this imported title (in English), alongside traditional chiefly styles, and continue to hold and exercise some political power.
Furthermore it is customary in Western languages to use the word Baron to render somewhat 'equivalent' ranks in non-related aristocratic hierarchies in exotic cultures.
[modifică] Baroni ficţionali
- Baron Marius Pontmercy, a principal character in Victor Hugo's classic novel, and also the popular musical, Les Miserables.
- Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, ruler of House Harkonnen in the Dune universe created by Frank Herbert.
- Baron von Munchhausen, hero of the fantastical book by the same title.
- Baron Hardup, in traditional pantomime, a straitened nobleman
- Baron Karza, the archenemy of the Micronauts.
- Baron Wolfgang von Strucker, archenemy of Nick Fury, agent of Shield.
- Baron Bean, a comic strip (1916-1919) drawn by George Herriman of Krazy Kat fame.
- Baron Humbert Von Gikkingen, commonly referred to as just Baron, is a character in the animated movie The Cat Returns.
- Baron Bomburst, Ian Fleming's villainous leader of Vulgaria in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
- Heinz, the Baron Krauss von Espys; He is the silly witness in Joel Coen's Intolerable Cruelty (2003), played by Jonathan Hadary.
- Baron von Frankenstein, creator of Frankenstein's monster same title.
- Baron von Raschke, former professional wrestler.
- Baron Soontir Fel, TIE fighter pilot and brother-in-law of Wedge Antilles in the Star Wars continuity.
- Baron Von Trapp, a character in the musical The Sound of Music, is loosely based on Georg, Ritter von Trapp, a hereditary knight, not a baron.
- Baron Von Slagle, first leader who unified the Justinian Empire, as described in the novel Red Skies, Battle Cries by Arnold Henderson
- Baron Silas Greenback, the enemy of Dangermouse in the British animated series Dangermouse
- Baron Vilhelm Von Lichtenstein, Archduke of the land of Rabbits in Scottish folklore
[modifică] Vezi şi
[modifică] Referinţe
- Sanders, I. J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent, 1086–1327. Clarendon Press, 1960.
- Heraldica
- The Royal Ark
