Joseph John Thomson
Izvor: Wikipedija
Sir Joseph John Thomson (Cheetham Hill, Manchester, 18. prosinca 1856. - Cambridge, 30. kolovoza 1940.), britanski fizičar.
Istaknuo se po otkrićima iz područja elektrovodljivosti plinova. Mjereći odnos mase i električnog naboja čestica otkrio je da čestice u katodnim zrakama imaju i tisuću puta manju masu od bilo kojeg poznatog atoma. Razradio je i teoriju gibanja nabijenih čestica u električnom i magnetskom polju i primijenio je za separiranje različitih vrsta čestica iz smjese plinova kod kanalnih zraka.
Dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za fiziku 1906. godine kao priznanja za velike zasluge u teoretskim i eksperimentalnim otkrićima o prolaženju elektriciteta kroz razrijeđene plinove. Bio je predsjednik "Kraljevske akademije znanosti" u Londonu od 1915. do 1920. Zanimljivo je pridodati da mu je jedini sin George također dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za fiziku 1937. za eksperimentalno otkriće difrakcije elektrona u kristalima.
1901. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | 1902. Hendrik Antoon Lorentz & Pieter Zeeman | 1903. Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre i Marie Curie | 1904. John William Strutt Rayleigh | 1905. Philipp Lenard | 1906. Joseph John Thomson | 1907. Albert Abraham Michelson | 1908. Gabriel Lippmann | 1909. Guglielmo Marconi & Carl Ferdinand Braun
1910. Johannes Diderik van der Waals | 1911. Wilhelm Wien | 1912. Nils Gustaf Dalén | 1913. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | 1914. Max von Laue | 1915. William Henry Bragg & William Lawrence Bragg | 1917. Charles Glover Barkla | 1918. Max Planck | 1919. Johannes Stark
1920. Charles Edouard Guillaume | 1921. Albert Einstein | 1922. Niels Bohr | 1923. Robert Andrews Millikan | 1924. Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn | 1925. James Franck & Gustav Ludwig Hertz | 1926. Jean Baptiste Perrin | 1927. Arthur Holly Compton & Charles Thomson Rees Wilson | 1928. Owen Willans Richardson | 1929. Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
1930. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman | 1932. Werner Heisenberg | 1933. Erwin Schrödinger & Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac | 1935. James Chadwick | 1936. Victor Franz Hess & Carl David Anderson | 1937. Clinton Joseph Davisson & George Paget Thomson | 1938. Enrico Fermi | 1939. Ernest Orlando Lawrence
1943. Otto Stern | 1944. Isidor Isaac Rabi | 1945. Wolfgang Pauli | 1946. Percy Williams Bridgman | 1947. Edward Victor Appleton | 1948. Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett | 1949. Hideki Yukawa
1950. Cecil Frank Powell | 1951. John Douglas Cockcroft & Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton | 1952. Felix Bloch & Edward Mills Purcell | 1953. Frits (Frederik) Zernike | 1954. Max Born & Walther Bothe | 1955. Willis Eugene Lamb | 1956. William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen & Walter Houser Brattain | 1957. Chen Ning Yang & Tsung-Dao Lee | 1958. Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov | 1959. Emilio Gino Segre & Owen Chamberlain
1960. Donald Arthur Glaser | 1961. Robert Hofstadter & Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer | 1962. Lev Davidovich Landau | 1963. Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer & J. Hans D. Jensen | 1964. Charles Hard Townes, Nikolaj Genadijevič Basov & Aleksandr Prokhorov | 1965. Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger & Richard P. Feynman | 1966. Alfred Kastler | 1967. Hans Albrecht Bethe | 1968. Luis Walter Alvarez | 1969. Murray Gell-Mann
1970. Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén & Louis Eugene Félix Néel | 1971. Dennis Gabor | 1972. John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper & John Robert Schrieffer | 1973. Leo Esaki & Brian David Josephson | 1974. Martin Ryle & Antony Hewish | 1975. Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson & Leo James Rainwater | 1976. Burton Richter & Samuel Chao Chung Ting | 1977. Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott & John Hasbrouck van Vleck | 1978. Pjotr Kapiza, Arno Penzias & Robert Woodrow Wilson | 1979. Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam & Steven Weinberg
1980. James Watson Cronin & Val Logsdon Fitch | 1981. Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow & Kai Manne Siegbahn | 1982. Kenneth G. Wilson | 1983. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar & William A. Fowler | 1984. Carlo Rubbia & Simon van der Meer | 1985. Klaus von Klitzing | 1986. Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig & Heinrich Rohrer | 1987. Johannes Georg Bednorz & Karl Alexander Müller | 1988. Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz & Jack Steinberger | 1989. Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt & Wolfgang Paul
1990. Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall & Richard Edward Taylor | 1991. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | 1992. Georges Charpak | 1993. Russell Alan Hulse & Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. | 1994. Bertram N. Brockhouse i Clifford Shull | 1995. Martin Lewis Perl & Frederick Reines | 1996. David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff & Robert Coleman Richardson | 1997. Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji & William Daniel Phillips | 1998. Robert B. Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer & Daniel Chee Tsui | 1999. Gerardus 't Hooft & Martinus J.G. Veltman
2000. Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow, Herbert Kroemer & Jack S. Kilby | 2001. Eric Allin Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle & Carl Edwin Wieman | 2002. Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba & Riccardo Giacconi | 2003. Alexei Abrikosow, Witali Ginsburg & Anthony James Leggett | 2004. David J. Gross, H. David Politzer & Frank Wilczek | 2005. Theodor Hänsch, John Hall & Roy Glauber | 2006. John C. Mather & George F. Smoot
