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Swimming at the Summer Olympics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Swimming at the Summer Olympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Swimming

Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. Along with track & field athletics it is one of the most popular spectator sports at the Games and one with the biggest number of events.

Contents

[edit] Men's Events

Event 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 Years
Current program
50 meter freestyle X[1] X X X X X X 7
100 metre freestyle X X[1] X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 25
200 metre freestyle X X[1] X X X X X X X X X X X 13
400 metre freestyle X[1] X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24
1500 metre freestyle X[1] X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24
100 metre backstroke X[1] X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 23
200 metre backstroke X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
100 metre breaststroke X X X X X X X X X X X 11
200 metre breaststroke X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 23
100 metre butterfly X X X X X X X X X X X 11
200 metre butterfly X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 14
200 metre individual medley X X X X X X X X X 9
400 metre individual medley X X X X X X X X X X X X 12
4 x 100 metre freestyle relay X X X X X X X X X X 10
4 x 200 metre freestyle relay X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 23
4 x 100 metre medley relay X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
Marathon 10km X 1
Past events
500 metre freestyle X 1
880 yard freestyle X[1] 1
1000 metre freestyle X 1
1200 metre freestyle X 1
4000 metre freestyle X 1
400 metre breaststroke X[1] X X 3
4 x 50 yard freestyle relay X[1] 1
200 metre team swimming X 1
200 metre obstacle event X 1
Underwater swimming X 1
100 metre freestyle for sailors X 1
Events 4 7 9 6 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 10 15 15 13 13 15 16 16 16 16 16 17

[edit] Women's Events

Event 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 Years
50 metre freestyle X X X X X X 6
100 metre freestyle X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
200 metre freestyle X X X X X X X X X X X 11
400 metre freestyle X[2] X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 21
800 metre freestyle X X X X X X X X X X X 11
100 metre backstroke X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 20
200 metre backstroke X X X X X X X X X X X 11
100 metre breaststroke X X X X X X X X X X X 11
200 metre breaststroke X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 20
100 metre butterfly X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 14
200 metre butterfly X X X X X X X X X X X 11
200 metre individual medley X X X X X X X X X 9
400 metre individual medley X X X X X X X X X X X X 12
4 x 100 metre freestyle relay X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
4 x 200 metre freestyle relay X X X X 4
4 x 100 metre medley relay X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
Marathon 10km X 1
Events 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 14 14 13 13 14 15 15 16 16 16 17

[edit] Olympic records

Records indicated with a plus sign (+) are also current world records.

[edit] Men

Event Result Name Nationality Date Location
50 m freestyle 21.91 Alexander Popov Unified Team Unified Team July 30, 1992 Barcelona, Spain
100 m freestyle 47.84 Pieter van den Hoogenband Netherlands Netherlands September 19, 2000 Sydney, Australia (semifinals)
200 m freestyle 1:44.71 Ian Thorpe Australia Australia August 16, 2004 Athens, Greece
400 m freestyle 3:40.59 Ian Thorpe Australia Australia September 16, 2000 Sydney, Australia
1500 m freestyle 14:43.40 Grant Hackett Australia Australia August 21, 2004 Athens, Greece
100 m backstroke 53.45 Aaron Peirsol United States United States August 21, 2004 Athens, Greece (relay leadoff split)
200 m backstroke 1:54.95 Aaron Peirsol United States United States August 19, 2004 Athens, Greece
100 m breaststroke 1:00.01 Brendan Hansen United States United States August 14, 2004 Athens, Greece (semifinals)
200 m breaststroke 2:09.44 Kosuke Kitajima Japan Japan August 18, 2004 Athens, Greece
100 m butterfly 51.25 Michael Phelps United States United States August 20, 2004 Athens, Greece
200 m butterfly 1:54.04 Michael Phelps United States United States August 17, 2004 Athens, Greece
200 m IM 1:57.14 Michael Phelps United States United States August 19, 2004 Athens, Greece
400 m IM 4:08.26 Michael Phelps United States United States August 14, 2004 Athens, Greece
4×100 m freestyle relay 3:13.17 Roland Schoeman (48.17)
Lyndon Ferns (48.13)
Darian Townsend (48.96)
Ryk Neethling (47.91)		 South Africa South Africa August 15, 2004 Athens, Greece
4×200 m freestyle relay 7:07.05 Ian Thorpe (1:46.03)
Michael Klim (1:46.40)
Todd Pearson (1:47.36)
William Kirby (1:47.26)		 Australia Australia September 19, 2000 Sydney, Australia
4x100 m medley relay 3:30.68+ Aaron Peirsol (53.45)
Brendan Hansen (59.37)
Ian Crocker (50.28)
Jason Lezak (47.58)		 United States United States August 21, 2004 Athens, Greece

[edit] Women

Event Result Name Nationality Date Location
50 m freestyle 24.13 Inge de Bruijn Netherlands Netherlands September 22, 2000 Sydney, Australia (semifinals)
100 m freestyle 53.52 Jodie Henry Australia Australia August 18, 2004 Athens, Greece (semifinals)
200 m freestyle 1:57.65 Heike Friedrich East Germany East Germany September 21, 1988 Seoul, South Korea
400 m freestyle 4:03.85 Janet Evans United States United States September 22, 1988 Seoul, South Korea
800 m freestyle 8:19.67 Brooke Bennett United States United States September 22, 2000 Sydney, Australia
100 m backstroke 59.68 Natalie Coughlin United States United States August 21, 2004 Athens, Greece (relay leadoff split)
200 m backstroke 2:07.06 Krisztina Egerszegi Hungary Hungary July 31, 1992 Barcelona, Spain
100 m breaststroke 1:06.64 Luo Xuejuan China China August 16, 2004 Athens, Greece
200 m breaststroke 2:23.37 Amanda Beard United States United States August 19, 2004 Athens, Greece
100 m butterfly 56.61+ Inge de Bruijn Netherlands Netherlands September 17, 2000 Sydney, Australia
200 m butterfly 2:05.88 Misty Hyman United States United States September 20, 2000 Sydney, Australia
200 m IM 2:10.68 Yana Klochkova Ukraine Ukraine September 19, 2000 Sydney, Australia
400 m IM 4:33.59 Yana Klochkova Ukraine Ukraine September 16, 2000 Sydney, Australia
4x100 m freestyle relay 3:35.94 Alice Mills (54.75)
Lisbeth Lenton (53.57)
Petria Thomas (54.67)
Jodie Henry (52.95)		 Australia Australia August 14, 2004 Athens, Greece
4×200 m freestyle relay 7:53.42 Natalie Coughlin (1:57.74)
Carly Piper (1:59.39)
Dana Vollmer (1:58.12)
Kaitlin Sandeno (1:58.17)		 United States United States August 18, 2004 Athens, Greece
4x100 m medley relay 3:57.32 Giaan Rooney (1:01.18)
Leisel Jones (1:06.50)
Petria Thomas (56.67)
Jodie Henry (52.97)		 Australia Australia August 21, 2004 Athens, Greece

[edit] Nations

Nation 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 Years
Australasia Australasia (ANZ) - - - X X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Australia Australia (AUS) X X - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
Austria Austria (AUT) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24
Belgium Belgium (BEL) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
Canada Canada (CAN) - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X 20
China China (CHN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X X X 6
Denmark Denmark (DEN) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
Estonia Estonia (EST) - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X 5
Germany Germany (EUA) - - - - - - - - - - - - X X X - - - - - - - - - - 3
Finland Finland (FIN) - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 21
France France (FRA) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
West Germany West Germany (FRG) - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - X X X - X X - - - - 5
East Germany East Germany (GDR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X - X - - - - 5
Germany Germany (GER) - X X X X - X X X X - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X 12
Great Britain Great Britain (GBR) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24
Greece Greece (GRE) X - - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 20
Hungary Hungary (HUN) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X 23
Italy Italy (ITA) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
Japan Japan (JPN) - - - - - X X X X X - X X X X X X X - X X X X X X 16
South Korea South Korea (KOR) - - - - - - - - - - X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X 12
Netherlands Netherlands (NED) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
New Zealand New Zealand (NZL) X X - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X 20
South Africa South Africa (RSA) - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X - - - - - - X X X X 16
Russia Russia (RUS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X 4
Sweden Sweden (SWE) - X - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 22
Soviet Union Soviet Union (URS) - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X X X X X - X - - - - 9
Ukraine Ukraine (UKR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X X X X 4
United States United States (USA) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X 23

[edit] Notable changes to the sport

Times have consistently dropped over the years due, obviously, to better training techniques and to new developments in the sport.

In the first four Olympics, competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896- The Mediterranean Sea, 1900- The Seine River, 1904- an artificial lake, 1906- The Mediterranean Sea). The 1904 Olympics' freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 meters. A 100 meter pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.

Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940's, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.

The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The flip-turn was developed by the 1950s. Swimming goggles were allowed since 1976.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Distances at the 1904 Olympics were measured in yards rather than metres. The 50 yard freestyle was 45.72 metres and the 100 yard freestyle and backstroke races were 91.44 metres. The 220, 440, and 880 yard freestyle races were 201.168, 402.336, and 804.672 metres, respectively. Instead of a 1500 metre race, there was a 1 mile race which made for 1609.344 metres. The 440 yard breaststroke, like the freestyle, was 402.336 metres. The relay, 4 x 50 yards, was 4 x 45.72 metres.
  2. ^ In 1920, the women's event was 300 metres.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

v • d • e
Sports at the Olympic Games
Summer sports

Archery • Athletics • Badminton • Baseball • Basketball • Boxing • Canoeing • Cycling • Diving • Equestrian • Field hockey • Fencing • Football • Gymnastics • Handball • Judo • Modern pentathlon • Rowing • Sailing • Shooting • Softball • Swimming • Synchronized swimming • Table tennis • Taekwondo • Tennis • Triathlon • Volleyball • Water polo • Weightlifting • Wrestling
Winter sports
Past sports
v • d • e
Swimming at the Summer Olympics
1896 • 1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920 • 1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1996 • 2000 • 2004 • 2008
List of medalists (men, women) • List of Olympic records
International swimming
v • d • e

FINA | World Championships | World SC Championships | Youth World Championships | World Cup | World Masters Championships | Olympics | Asian Games | Commonwealth Games | Pan American Games | Universiade | Pan-Pacs | Men's NCAA | Women's NCAA | World records
     Asia: AASF – Asian Championships
     Africa: CANA – championships by Zone
     Americas: UANA – Regional championships for Caribbean (CISC), Central American & Mexico (CAMEX), Central American & the Caribbean (organized by CCCAN), and South America (organized by CONSANAT)
     Europe: LEN – European Champs. | European SC Champs.
     Oceania: OSA – Oceania Championships

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