Liverpool Street station

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

London Liverpool Street
Location
Place	Bishopsgate
Local authority	City of London
Coordinates	51°31′07″N 0°04′53″W / 51.5186, -0.0813Coordinates: 51°31′07″N 0°04′53″W / 51.5186, -0.0813
Operations
Station code	LST
Managed by	Network Rail
Platforms in use	18
Live departures and station information from National Rail
Annual Passenger Usage
2004/05 *	50.469 million
2005/06 *	47.271 million
Transport for London
Zone	1
History
Key dates	Opened 1874
Transport for London List of London stations: Underground | National Rail
* Annual passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial year(s) which end or originate at London Liverpool Street from Office of Rail Regulation statistics.
UK Railways Portal

Liverpool Street station, also called London Liverpool Street, is a major railway station and connected London Underground station in the north eastern corner of the City of London in England. It is the southern terminus of the Great Eastern Main Line, and is the main departure point from London to destinations in the East of England not served by the East Coast Main Line from King's Cross, as well as serving commuter services to parts of East London and Essex.

It is one of the busiest stations in the United Kingdom, the second busiest in London after Waterloo with 123 million visitors each year, and one of 17 managed by Network Rail. The station has exits to Bishopsgate, Liverpool Street and the Broadgate development. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Contents 1 National Rail 1.1 Destinations 1.2 History 1.3 Notable events 2 Station closure 3 In fiction 4 Future developments 5 London Underground 5.1 Notable events 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 External links 9 References

[edit] National Rail

[edit] Destinations

Liverpool Street serves destinations in the East of England including Stansted Airport, Cambridge, Lowestoft, Great Yarmouth, Norwich, Ipswich, Chelmsford, Colchester, Braintree, Southend on Sea and the port of Harwich, as well as many suburban stations in north-eastern London, Essex and Hertfordshire. It is one of the busiest commuter stations in London. A daily express train to Harwich connects with the ferry from Harwich to Hoek van Holland, forming the Dutchflyer service.

Trains from Liverpool Street do not go to Liverpool. For that city, Euston is the London terminus.

Almost all passenger services from Liverpool Street are operated by National Express East Anglia. It operates local and suburban services on the Great Eastern and West Anglia lines, express services to Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich, and local services in the East Anglia region. These routes are collectively known as the Greater Anglia network.

There are two weekday evening shuttle services to Barking, calling only at Stratford, which are operated by c2c.^[1] All other c2c services depart from Fenchurch Street railway station, although Liverpool Street is also used in times of engineering work. Both National Express East Anglia and c2c are owned by National Express Group.

[edit] History

The station was built on the site of the original Bethlem Royal Hospital, was opened to traffic on 2 February 1874 by the Great Eastern Railway and was completely operational from 1 November 1875. From this date the original terminal, Bishopsgate, closed to passengers. It reopened as a goods station in 1881 but was destroyed by fire on 5 December 1964. The site is now being redeveloped as part of the extension of London Underground's East London line.

The new station was designed by the Eastern's chief engineer, Edward Wilson and was built by John Mowlem & Co. on a site which had been occupied by Bethlem Royal Hospital from the 13th century to the 17th century. A City of London Corporation plaque commemorating the station's construction hangs on the wall of the adjoining former Great Eastern Hotel, which was designed by Charles Barry (junior) (son of Sir Charles Barry) and his brother Edward Middleton Barry, and also built by John Mowlem & Co. The station was named after the street on which it stands, which in turn was named in honour of British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool, having been built as part of an extension of the City of London towards the end of his term in office.

The construction of the station was due to the desire of the company to gain a terminal closer to the city than the one opened by the predecessor Eastern Counties Railway, at Shoreditch, that had opened on 1 July 1840. This station was renamed "Bishopsgate" in 1846. The construction proved extremely expensive due to the cost of acquiring property and many people were displaced due to the large scale demolitions. The desire to link the GER lines to those of the sub-surface Metropolitan Railway, a link seldom used and relatively soon abandoned, also meant that the GER's lines had to drop down to below ground level from the existing viaducts east of Bishopsgate. This means that there are considerable gradients leading out of the station. Lord Salisbury, who was chairman of the Great Eastern in 1870, said that the Liverpool Street extension was "one of the greatest mistakes ever committed in connection with a railway."

The station was the first place in London to be hit by German Gotha bomber aircraft during World War I. The May 1917 bombing, when the station took a direct hit from 1,000 pounds of bombs, killed 162 people. During World War II a bomb that landed in Bishopsgate completely shattered the glass roofing.

Many Jewish refugee children arrived at Liverpool Street in the late 1930s, as part of the Kindertransport. In September 2003 the sculpture Für Das Kind Kindertransport Memorial by artist Flor Kent who conceived the project. It consisted of a specialized glass case with original objects and a bronze figure of a real girl, a direct descendant of a child rescued by Sir Nicholas Winton who unveiled the work. Due to lapse in maintenance the Für Das Kind collection was transferred to the Imperial War Museum. ^[2]

The station was extensively modified between 1985 and 1992, including bringing all the platforms in the main shed up to the same end point and constructing a new underground booking office, but its facade, Victorian cast-iron pillars and the memorial for Great Eastern Railway employees who died in the Great War were retained. The redevelopment coincided with the closure and demolition of neighbouring Broad Street station and the construction of the Broadgate development in its place. Liverpool Street was officially re-opened by HM The Queen in 1991. At this time that the giant timetable board, which is suspended above the station concourse, was installed at great expense. However due to technical difficulties there was a long delay after the official opening before it became operational. It was one of the last remaining mechanical "flapper board" display boards at a UK railway station and certainly the biggest, but was removed from service in September 2007, to be replaced by electronic boards.

The Great Eastern Hotel was extensively refurbished between 1997 and 1999 re-opening as a boutique hotel. The hotel incorporates three restaurants: "Aurora" and "Fishmarket" cater to the higher-price expense account business lunch market while "Terminus" is a mid-range brasserie to service the City workers. The complex includes a sushi bar and two pubs.

The station has been twinned with Amsterdam Centraal Station since 1993, and there is a plaque marking this fact on the concourse close to the main entrance to the Underground.

[edit] Notable events

In April 1993, a Provisional IRA truck bomb in Bishopsgate, 200 metres away, caused some damage to the station.

[edit] Station closure

Between 23 December 2007 and 1 January 2008, the station was closed to permit demolition of Bridge GE19 crossing the lines on the approaches to the station. The bridge crossed the tracks on the approach to the station and was originally constructed to allow trains from the Great Eastern Line to cross the line and enter Bishopsgate Goods Yard. The bridge required demolition as part of the East London Line expansion as it was on the route of the line and is to be replaced by a new structure. The long closure was required due to the complexity of removing such a structure. The demolition works took longer than anticipated and resulted in the station being closed until the afternoon of Wednesday 2nd January 2008.

[edit] In fiction

• In the years following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, fictional docu-drama portrayals of how a terrorist organisation might seek to attack London twice chose Liverpool Street station as the specific target. London Under Attack, first shown by the BBC One Panorama programme in May 2004 [2], had a lorry containing chlorine gas explode at the junction of Shoreditch High Street and Commercial Street, just north of Liverpool Street station. The gas cloud hung over the station, and killed 3,000 people. The British Government denounced the programme as "irresponsible and alarmist".^[3] The BBC said that the programmes was backed by research, and that Liverpool Street was used because of its position on the border between the City of London and the East End. The second programme wa sthe drama Dirty War, also produced by the BBC and first shown in October 2004, in which a suicide terrorists detonate a "dirty bomb" just outside the Underground station, killing 200 people and rendering the area uninhabitable for 30 years. Since the programme aired, the spot at which the fictional bomb-carrying vehicle parked has become pedestrianised.

• Andy McNab's fictional novel Dark Winter makes the station the target of a similar attack.
• In the 1988 children's book Groosham Grange the main character is sent from London Liverpool street to groosham grange.
• Liverpool Street Station is one of the four railway stations on the London version of the Monopoly game.
• A CIA safe house features above the Old Broad Street entrance to Liverpool Street tube station in the film Mission: Impossible. In the movie, the lead character played by Tom Cruise leaves the safe house and enters the main line concourse to use a payphone situated under the double staircase (since removed, with cash machines now at the spot). Cruise can also be seen looking out of a window located in the safe house.
• In fiction author Anthony Horowitz's Alex Rider series, the headquarters of MI6 is near Liverpool Street station.
• In the film Stormbreaker, the lead character runs through the station to find a photo booth whereupon he is then transported to MI6.

[edit] Future developments

Current plans for the Crossrail service would see a new station at Liverpool Street with full mainline and underground connections.

Future Development

Preceding station		Crossrail		Following station
Farringdon toward Maidenhead or Heathrow Airport		Crossrail		Whitechapel toward Abbey Wood or Shenfield

[edit] London Underground

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article entitled Liverpool Street underground station. (Discuss)

Liverpool Street
Location
Place	Bishopsgate
Local authority	City of London
Operations
Station code	ZLS
Managed by	London Underground
Platforms in use	4
Live departures and station information from National Rail
Transport for London
Zone	1
2005 annual usage	50.67 million †
2007 annual usage	61.317 million †
History
1 February 1875	Open (using mainline)
12 July 1875	Opened (Bishopsgate)
1 November 1909	Renamed (Liverpool Street)
July 28, 1912	Central Line opens (terminus)
4 December 1946	Central Line extends(through)
Transport for London List of London stations: Underground | National Rail
† Data from Transport for London [3]
London Transport Portal

Liverpool Street Tube Station is the fifth busiest station on the Underground network with 4 lines passing through; 3 sub-surface and one deep level. The station has sub-surface platforms (opened by the Metropolitan Railway as "Bishopsgate" on 12 July 1875) on the Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith & City lines. The Metropolitan had served main-line platforms of the GER station from 1 February 1875, but this through link had only a short life. The station was renamed Liverpool Street from 1 November 1909. A disused west-facing bay platform once used by terminating Metropolitan and occasional District line trains running via Edgware Road is still visible.

The deep-level Central Line platforms opened on July 28, 1912, at the eastern end of the Central London Railway. The Central line was extended eastwards, as part of the war delayed London Passenger Transport Board's "New Works Programme 1935 - 1940", on 4 December 1946.

[edit] Notable events

In July 2005, Islamist terrorists exploded a bomb on a London Underground train shortly after it left Liverpool Street towards Aldgate station on the Circle Line, killing seven people.

[edit] Gallery

roundel on Central line platform

Eastbound Central line platform

Circle, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City line platforms looking clockwise

Circle, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City line platforms looking anticlockwise

[edit] See also

• Broad Street railway station

[edit] External links

• Station information on Liverpool Street station from Network Rail
• Old Liverpool Street Tribute to the old decor.
• BBC Panorama programme featuring Liverpool Street station
• Daily Telegraph article about the furor following the "Dirty War" documentary featuring Liverpool St.
• David Blunkett condemns docudrama

[edit] References

• David Stevenson (2004). 1914-1918 The History of the First World War. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-9208-5. 
• Alan A Jackson (1969). London's Termini. David & Charles. ISBN 0-330-02747-6. 

Preceding station	National Rail			Following station
Terminus		National Express East Anglia Stansted Express		Tottenham Hale
Terminus		National Express East Anglia Lea Valley Lines West Anglia Main Line		Bethnal Green
Terminus		National Express East Anglia Great Eastern Main Line		Stratford
Terminus		National Express East Anglia Shenfield Metro		Stratford
Terminus		c2c Limited Service		Stratford
Terminus		Dutchflyer London-Amsterdam		Stratford

Preceding station		London Underground		Following station
Bank towards Ealing Broadway or West Ruislip		Central line		Bethnal Green towards Epping, Hainault or Woodford via Hainault
Moorgate towards Baker Street		Circle line		Aldgate towards Tower Hill
Moorgate towards Hammersmith		Hammersmith & City line		Aldgate East towards Barking
Moorgate towards Uxbridge, Amersham, Chesham or Watford		Metropolitan line		Aldgate Terminus

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