Harvard Square

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Harvard Square Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Chess players in Harvard Square in 2007
Location:	Cambridge, Massachusetts
Coordinates:	42°22′24.89″N 71°7′10.64″W / 42.3735806, -71.1196222Coordinates: 42°22′24.89″N 71°7′10.64″W / 42.3735806, -71.1196222
Architectural style(s):	Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Other
Added to NRHP:	April 13, 1982
NRHP Reference#:	82001944^[1]
MPS:	Cambridge MRA
Governing body:	Private

Harvard Square is a large triangular area in the center of Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street, and John F. Kennedy Street. Adjacent to the historic heart of Harvard University, Harvard Yard, the Square (as it is called locally) functions as a commercial center for Harvard students, as well as residents of western Cambridge and the inner western suburbs of Boston

It is also home to Harvard station, a major MBTA Red Line subway bus transportation hub. In an extended sense, the name "Harvard Square" can refer to the entire neighborhood surrounding this intersection for several blocks in each direction. The nearby Cambridge Common has a large park area with a playground, baseball field, and some local memorials.

1 History
2 Transformation
3 Other features
4 Notable establishments
5 In film
6 Related links
7 References

[edit] History

Although today a commercial area, the Square boasts of famous residents from earlier periods, including the colonial poet Anne Bradstreet. The high pedestrian traffic makes it a gathering place for street musicians; singer-songwriter Tracy Chapman, who attended nearby Tufts University, is known to have played here during her college years.

Until 1984, the Harvard Square stop was the northern terminus of the Red Line, and it still functions as a major transfer station between subway, bus, and trackless trolley. Automobile traffic can be heavy, and parking is difficult. Most of the bus lines serving the area from the north and west run through a tunnel adjacent to the subway tunnel. Originally built for streetcars (which last ran in 1958) and still by electric trolleybuses, it helps to mitigate bus traffic in the area.

[edit] Transformation

1873 Map of Harvard Square

Discussions of how the Square has changed in recent years usually center on the perceived gentrification of the Harvard Square neighborhood and Cambridge in general.

Harvard Square used to have many new and used bookstores, but few are left today, although the 2005 opening of the independent Raven Used Books on JFK Street seems to have bucked this overall trend.

The Square also used to be a neighborhood shopping center, with a grocery store (Sages) and a Woolworth's five and ten. There does remain a small hardware store (Dickson Hardware), but the Square is now more of a regional shopping center, especially for youths.

During the late 1990s, some locally run businesses with long-time shopfronts on the Square—including the unusual Tasty Diner, a tiny sandwich shop open long hours, and the Wursthaus, a beloved old-world German restaurant—closed to make way for national chains.

Harvard Square on a rainy day

Following national trends, the local Harvard Trust Company bank has been absorbed into the national Bank of America through a series of mergers. Elsie's sandwiches and Ferranti Dege cameras is gone. The student co-op, the Harvard Coop, is now managed by Barnes & Noble. Schoenhof's Foreign Books is owned by the French Éditions Gallimard.

In 2004, it was announced that the famous Grolier Poetry Bookshop would be sold (although it ended up surviving under different, independent management), and today even the emblematic Out of Town News is owned by the UK-based Hudson Group. The independent WordsWorth Books closed in 2004, after a tenure of 29 years as a fixture in the Square. ^[2] Paperback Booksmith and Reading International closed by the end of the 1990s. ^[3] Still, a few establishments, such as Algiers Coffee House, Leavitt & Pierce tobacconists (est. 1883), Harvard Book Store (est. 1932), the Hong Kong chinese restaurant (est. 1954), Laflamme Barber Shop (est. 1898), Cardullo's Gourmet Shoppe (est. 1950), Café Pamplona (est. 1959), and Bartley's Burger Cottage (est. 1960) remain as longstanding, locally-run businesses.

[edit] Other features

Harvard Square with the Out of Town News kiosk, left foreground, May 2004

At the center of the Square is the old subway kiosk, now a newsstand, Out of Town News, stocking newspapers and magazines from around the world. A video of it appears in transitional clips used on CNN. A public motion art installation, Lumen Eclipse, has been introduced at the Tourist Information Booth showing monthly exhibitions of local, national and international artists.

The office of NPR's Car Talk radio show faces the square, with a stencil in the window that reads "Dewey, Cheatem and Howe," the fictional law firm often referenced on the show. The popular show references this by asking its viewers to send in answers to the "Puzzler" to "Puzzler Tower, Car Talk Plaza, Harvard Square, Cambridge (our fair city), MA 02138".

The sunken region next to the newsstand and the subway entrance is sometimes referred to as "The Pit." Its arena-like appearance attracts skateboarders and, more generally, young, high-school aged people from surrounding neighborhoods who are associated with countercultural movements such as the punk, hardcore, straight edge, and goth subcultures. They are sometimes referred to as "pit kids" or "pit rats". The contrast between these congregants and the often older and more conservatively dressed people associated with nearby Harvard University and the businesses in the Square occasionally leads to tension. Harvard sports teams and clubs, including the track teams and all-male social clubs, are known to make use of this contrast through encouraging or sometimes forcing their newest members to engage in humorous or humiliating performances in "The Pit" as part of these members' initiations into the group.

Harvard Square in 1869

One block east of the pit, an outdoor cafe features always-busy tables for chess players, including Murray Turnbull, with his ever-present "Play the Chessmaster" sign.

A number of other public squares dot the surrounding streets with a wide variety of street performers throughout the year, and the John F. Kennedy Memorial Park stands a few steps away along the banks of the Charles river.

The square often attracts activists for the Communist Party USA, Lyndon LaRouche and other non-mainstream political factions. It is also known for its large number of panhandlers; Tom Magliozzi has called it "the bum capital of the world".

"The Garage" is a small, multi-story shopping mall, named thus because it was formerly a parking garage. The original car ramp has been preserved, and is a central feature of this adaptive reuse project.

[edit] Notable establishments

American Repertory Theatre
Brattle Theatre, moviehouse
Lumen Eclipse video art display
Harvard Book Store
Globe Corner Bookstore
Grolier Poetry Bookshop
Raven Used Books, scholarly used books
Newbury Comics
Million Year Picnic (comic books)
Algiers Coffee House, local cafe
Café Pamplona, local cafe
Club Passim, a folk music club
Grendel's Den, local bar and restaurant
The Harvard Shop, student-run shop for Harvard t-shirts and hoodies

[edit] In film

Various parts of the 1997 film Good Will Hunting were filmed in and around Harvard Square, most notably at the former Tasty Sandwich Shop and the outdoor seating area of the square's largest Au Bon Pain café.

The 1973 film The Paper Chase features Harvard Square landmarks of its era, including the old Out of Town Newstand, the old MBTA Harvard station kiosk, with its "8 Minutes to Park Street" sign, and the now-defunct Kupersmith's Florists.