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环糊精 - Wikipedia

环糊精

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Space filling model of β-cyclodextrin.
Space filling model of β-cyclodextrin.

环糊精是由6个或更多的吡喃葡萄糖分子形成的环状低聚糖的总称,由环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶作用于淀粉所产生。

  • 常见的环糊精有α-环糊精,β-环糊精,γ-环糊精,δ-环糊精四种,组成它们的吡喃葡萄糖分子数为6,7,8,9。它们可用有机溶剂沉淀分离。环糊精在酸性条件下易水解
  • 环糊精的分子形状如同轮胎,各葡萄糖残基的C-2和C-3原子上的二极羟基位于环糊精圆环的分子一端,直径稍大,而C-6上的一级羟基位于另一端,直径稍小。环糊精分子内部为一个呈“V”字型的疏水性空穴,内径大小为0.5~1.0nm,可对苯环等进行包接形成复合物
  • 环糊精用于食品香料医药、化合物拆分等方面,也用于模拟酶研究。还可以用作核磁共振位移试剂的诱导强化剂等。
Chemical structure of the three main types of cyclodextrins.
Chemical structure of the three main types of cyclodextrins.

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