Demokrasi İndeksi

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Democracy index map, with brighter colours representing more democratic countries. Countries with DI below 2 (clearly authoritarian) are black.

The Economist'deki bir çalışma, 167 ülkede demokrasinin durumunu sınadı ve beş genel kategoride odaklanan demokrasinin bir indeksle bunu ölçmeyi denedi: özgür ve adil seçim, vatandaş özgürlükleri, devlet fonksiyonları, politik katılım ve politik kültür. İsveç, 10 üzerinden 9,88 alarak birinciliği taşırken, listenin sonunda 1,03 puan ile Kuzey Kore var. ^[1][2] "Tam Demokrasiler", "Yarı Demokrasiler", ve "Karma Rejimler" demokrasi olarak nitelendirildi ve "Otoriter Rejimler" diktatörlük olarak değerlendirildi..

[değiştir] Metoloji

As described in the report, the democracy index is a kind of weighted average based on the answers of 60 questions, each one with either two or three permitted alternative answers. Most answers are "experts' assessments"; the report does not indicate what kinds of experts, nor their number, nor whether the experts are employees of The Economist or e.g. independent scolars, nor the nationalities of the experts. Some answers are provided by public opinion surveys from the respective countries. "In the case of countries for which survey results are missing, survey results for similar countries and expert assesments are used in order to fill in gaps."

The questions are distributed into the five categories enumerated supra. Each answer is translated to a mark, either 0 or 1, or for the three answer alternative questions, 0.5. With the exceptions infra, seemingly, the sums are added within each category, multiplied by ten, and divided by the total number of questions within the category. There are a few modifying dependencies, which are explained much more precisely than the main rule procedures. In a few cases, an answer yielding zero for one question voids another question; e.g., if the elections for national legislation and head of government are not considered free (question 1), then the the next question, "Are elections... fair?" is not considered, but automatically marked zero. Likewise, there are a few questions considered so important that a low score on them yields a penalty on the total score sum for their respective categories, namely

1. "Whether national elections are free and fair";
2. "The security of voters";
3. "The influence of foreign powers on government";
4. "The capability of the civil servants to implement politics".

The five category indices, which all are listed in the report, then are averaged to find the democracy index for a given country. Finally, the the democracy index, rounded to one decimal, decides the classification of the country, as quoted:

1. Full democracies—scores of 8-10.
2. Flawed democracies—scores of 6 to 7.9.
3. Hybrid regimes—scores of 4 to 5.9.
4. Authoritarian regimes—scores below 4.

The report discusses other indices of democracy, as defined e.g. by Freedom House, and argues for some of the choices made by the team from The Economist. E.g., in this comparison, a higher emphasis has been put on the public opinion and attitudes, as measured by public surveys, but on the other hand, economic living standard has not been weighted as one criterion of democracy (as seemingly some other investigators have done).

There is no indication whatsoever that this report has been presented or is planned to be presented in any academic context, or in any manner has been checked by or will be checked by a peer review.

[değiştir] Ocak 2007 sıralaması

№	Country	Index	Category
1	İsveç	9,88	İşleyen demokrasi
2	İzlanda	9,71	İşleyen demokrasi
3	Hollanda	9,66	İşleyen demokrasi
4	Norveç	9,55	İşleyen demokrasi
5	Danimarka	9,52	İşleyen demokrasi
6	Finlandiya	9,25	İşleyen demokrasi
7	Lüksemburg	9,10	İşleyen demokrasi
8	Avusturalya	9,09	İşleyen demokrasi
9	Kanada	9,07	İşleyen demokrasi
10	İsviçre	9,02	İşleyen demokrasi
11	Resim:Flag of Republic of Ireland.svgİrlanda	9,01	İşleyen demokrasi
11	Yeni Zelanda	9,01	İşleyen demokrasi
13	Almanya	8,82	İşleyen demokrasi
14	Avusturya	8,69	İşleyen demokrasi
15	Malta	8,39	İşleyen demokrasi
16	İspanya	8,34	İşleyen demokrasi
17	Amerika Birleşik Devletleri	8,22	İşleyen demokrasi
18	Çek Cumhuriyeti	8,17	İşleyen demokrasi
19	Portekiz	8,16	İşleyen demokrasi
20	Belçika	8,15	İşleyen demokrasi
20	Japonya	8,15	İşleyen demokrasi
22	Yunanistan	8,13	İşleyen demokrasi
23	Birleşik Krallık	8,08	İşleyen demokrasi
24	Fransa	8,07	İşleyen demokrasi
25	Mauritius	8,04	İşleyen demokrasi
25	Kosta Rika	8,04	İşleyen demokrasi
27	Slovenya	7,96	İşleyen demokrasi
28	Uruguay	7,96	İşleyen demokrasi
29	Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti	7,91	Flawed democracy
30	Şili	7,89	Flawed democracy
31	Güney Kore	7,88	Flawed democracy
32	Tayvan	7,82	Flawed democracy
33	Estonya	7,74	Flawed democracy
34	İtalya	7,73	Flawed democracy
35	Hindistan	7,68	Flawed democracy
36	Botswana	7,60	Flawed democracy
36	Kıbrıs	7,60	Flawed democracy
38	Macaristan	7,53	Flawed democracy
39	Cape Verde	7,43	Flawed democracy
39	Litvanya	7,43	Flawed democracy
41	Slovakya	7,40	Flawed democracy
42	Brezilya	7,38	Flawed democracy
43	Letonya	7,37	Flawed democracy
44	Panama	7,35	Flawed democracy
45	Jamaika	7,34	Flawed democracy
46	Polonya	7,30	Flawed democracy
47	İsrail	7,28	Flawed democracy
48	Trinidad ve Tobago	7,18	Flawed democracy
49	Bulgaristan	7,10	Flawed democracy
50	Romanya	7,06	Flawed democracy
51	Hırvatistan	7,04	Flawed democracy
52	Ukrayna	6,94	Flawed democracy
53	Meksika	6,67	Flawed democracy
54	Arjantin	6,63	Flawed democracy
55	Sırbistan	6,62	Flawed democracy
56	Moğolistan	6,60	Flawed democracy
57	Sri Lanka	6,58	Flawed democracy
58	Karadağ	6,57	Flawed democracy
59	Namibya	6,54	Flawed democracy
59	Papua Yeni Gine	6,54	Flawed democracy
61	Surinam	6,52	Flawed democracy
62	Moldova	6,50	Flawed democracy
63	Lesotho	6,48	Flawed democracy
63	Filipinler	6,48	Flawed democracy
65	Endonezya	6,41	Flawed democracy
65	Resim:Flag of Timor-Leste.svgDoğu Timor	6,41	Flawed democracy
67	Kolombiya	6,40	Flawed democracy
68	Resim:Flag of Republic of Macedonia.svgMakedonya	6,33	Flawed democracy
69	Honduras	6,25	Flawed democracy
70	El Salvador	6,22	Flawed democracy
71	Paraguay	6,16	Flawed democracy
71	Benin	6,16	Flawed democracy
73	Guyana	6,15	Flawed democracy
74	Resim:Flag of Dominican Republic.svgDominik Cumhuriyeti	6,13	Flawed democracy
75	Bangladeş	6,11	Flawed democracy
76	Peru	6,11	Flawed democracy
77	Guatemala	6,07	Flawed democracy
78	Hong Kong	6,03	Flawed democracy
79	Filistin	6,01	Flawed democracy
80	Mali	5,99	Flawed democracy
81	Malezya	5,98	Flawed democracy
81	Bolivya	5,98	Flawed democracy
83	Arnavutluk	5,91	Hybrid regime
84	Singapur	5,89	Hybrid regime
85	Madagaskar	5,82	Hybrid regime
85	Lübnan	5,82	Hybrid regime
87	Bosna Hersek	5,78	Hybrid regime
88	Türkiye	5,70	Hybrid regime
89	Nikaragua	5,68	Hybrid regime
90	Tayland	5,67	Hybrid regime
91	Fiji	5,66	Hybrid regime
92	Ekvador	5,64	Hybrid regime
93	Veneuzela	5,42	Hybrid regime
94	Senegal	5,37	Hybrid regime
95	Gana	5,35	Hybrid regime
96	Mozambik	5,28	Hybrid regime
97	Zambia	5,25	Hybrid regime
98	Liberya	5,22	Hybrid regime
99	Tanzanya	5,18	Hybrid regime
100	Uganda	5,14	Hybrid regime
101	Kenya	5,08	Hybrid regime
102	Rusya	5,02	Hybrid regime
103	Malavi	4,97	Hybrid regime
104	Gürcistan	4,90	Hybrid regime
105	Kamboçya	4,77	Hybrid regime
106	Etiyopya	4,72	Hybrid regime
107	Burundi	4,51	Hybrid regime
108	Gambiya	4,39	Hybrid regime
109	Haiti	4,19	Hybrid regime
110	Ermenistan	4,15	Hybrid regime
111	Kırgızistan	4,08	Hybrid regime
112	Irak	4,01	Hybrid regime
113	Pakistan	3,92	Authoritarian regime
113	Ürdün	3,92	Authoritarian regime
115	Komor	3,90	Authoritarian regime
115	Fas	3,90	Authoritarian regime
115	Mısır	3,90	Authoritarian regime
118	Ruanda	3,82	Authoritarian regime
119	Burkina Faso	3,72	Authoritarian regime
120	Kazakistan	3,62	Authoritarian regime
121	Sierra Leone	3,57	Authoritarian regime
122	Nijer	3,54	Authoritarian regime
123	Bahreyn	3,53	Authoritarian regime
124	Küba	3,52	Authoritarian regime
124	Nijerya	3,52	Authoritarian regime
126	Nepal	3,42	Authoritarian regime
127	Fildişi Sahili	3,38	Authoritarian regime
128	Beyaz Rusya	3,34	Authoritarian regime
129	Azerbaycan	3,31	Authoritarian regime
130	Kamerun	3,27	Authoritarian regime
131	Resim:Flag of Congo.svgKongo	3,19	Authoritarian regime
132	Cezayir	3,17	Authoritarian regime
133	Moritanya	3,12	Authoritarian regime
134	Kuveyt	3,09	Authoritarian regime
135	Afganistan	3,06	Authoritarian regime
135	Tunus	3,06	Authoritarian regime
137	Yemen	2,98	Authoritarian regime
138	Çin	2,97	Authoritarian regime
139	Svaziland	2,93	Authoritarian regime
139	İran	2,93	Authoritarian regime
141	Sudan	2,90	Authoritarian regime
142	Katar	2,78	Authoritarian regime
143	Umman	2,77	Authoritarian regime
144	Resim:Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo.svgDemokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti	2,76	Authoritarian regime
145	Vietnam	2,75	Authoritarian regime
146	Gabon	2,72	Authoritarian regime
147	Bhutan	2,62	Authoritarian regime
147	Zimbabve	2,62	Authoritarian regime
149	Tacikistan	2,45	Authoritarian regime
150	Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri	2,42	Authoritarian regime
151	Angola	2,41	Authoritarian regime
152	Cibuti	2,37	Authoritarian regime
153	Suriye	2,36	Authoritarian regime
154	Eritre	2,31	Authoritarian regime
155	Laos	2,10	Authoritarian regime
156	Ekvator Ginesi	2,09	Authoritarian regime
157	Gine	2,02	Authoritarian regime
158	Gine Bissau	2,00	Authoritarian regime
159	Suudi Arabistan	1,92	Authoritarian regime
160	Özbekistan	1,85	Authoritarian regime
161	Libya	1,84	Authoritarian regime
162	Türkmenistan	1,83	Authoritarian regime
163	Myanmar	1,77	Authoritarian regime
164	Togo	1,75	Authoritarian regime
165	Çad	1,65	Authoritarian regime
166	Resim:Flag of Central African Republic.svgOrta Afrika Cumhuriyeti	1,61	Authoritarian regime
167	Kuzey Kore	1,03	Authoritarian regime

[değiştir] References

[değiştir] Dış bağlantılar

• "The Economist Intelligence Unit's index of democracy" [1]