जागतिक फुटबॉल एलो गुणांकन
विकिपीडिया, मुक्त ज्ञानकोशातून
गुणवत्ता क्रमांक The World Football Elo Ratings (Elo is pronounced E-L-O despite not being an acronym) is a ranking system for men's national teams in football. The method used to rank teams is based upon the Elo rating system method but modified to take various football-specific variables into account. Elo should not be confused with the more prevalent FIFA World Rankings, which is the rating system used by FIFA, the international governing body of football.
The ratings take into account all international "A" matches for which results could be found. Ratings tend to converge on a team's true strength relative to its competitors after about 30 matches. Ratings for teams with fewer than 30 matches should be considered provisional.
The FIFA Women's World Rankings uses a simplified version of the Elo formula. The FIFA men's ranking, however, uses a non-Elo formula.
अनुक्रमणिका |
[संपादन] Top 40 ranking
Current table, as of September 12, 2007, of the World Football Elo rankings, compiled by the World Football Elo Ratings web site based on data provided by Advanced Satellite Consulting.
Legend: साचा:Legend साचा:Legend साचा:Legend साचा:Legend साचा:Legend साचा:Legend
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[संपादन] Top 10 since 1970
The following is a list of the national teams with the highest average Elo score from Jan 1, 1970 to Oct 1, 2007. For a top 50, and top 20 lists per decade since the 1950s, see Strongest Football Nations by Elo Ratings
| Rank | Country | Average Elo rating |
|---|---|---|
| १ |  ब्राझिल |
२००४.३ |
| २ |  जर्मनी[१] |
१९७२.३ |
| ३ |  इटली |
१९२६.१ |
| ४ |  इंग्लंड |
१९२१.९ |
| ५ |  नेदरलँड्स |
१९०९.४ |
| ६ |  आर्जेन्टीना |
१८९३.२ |
| ७ |  फ्रान्स |
१८८६.५ |
| ८ |  स्पेन |
१८८०.४ |
| ९ |  सोव्हिएत संघ[२] |
१८५७.६ |
| १० |  चेकोस्लोव्हाकिया[३] |
१८४४.७ |
- ↑ Germany was also called "West Germany" from १९४९-१९९०
- ↑ Includes the record of Russia
- ↑ Includes the record of the Czech Republic
[संपादन] List of number one teams
| Start Date | Nation | # of days |
|---|---|---|
| जानेवारी १, २००० | ब्राझिल |
१७८ |
| जून २८, २००० | फ्रान्स |
७०८ |
| जून ०६, २००२ | आर्जेन्टीना |
१ |
| जून ०७, २००२ | फ्रान्स |
४ |
| जून ११, २००२ | नेदरलँड्स |
१ |
| जून १२, २००२ | स्पेन |
४ |
| जून १६, २००२ | नेदरलँड्स |
५ |
| जून २१, २००२ | ब्राझिल |
३५१ |
| जून ०७, २००३ | नेदरलँड्स |
४ |
| जून ११, २००३ | ब्राझिल |
८ |
| जून १९, २००३ | नेदरलँड्स |
८३ |
| सप्टेंबर १०, २००३ | फ्रान्स |
२९१ |
| जून २७, २००४ |  चेक प्रजासत्ताक |
४ |
| जुलै ०१, २००४ | फ्रान्स |
१० |
| जुलै ११, २००४ | ब्राझिल |
३ |
| जुलै १४, २००४ | फ्रान्स |
३५ |
| ऑगस्ट १८, २००४ | आर्जेन्टीना |
२९० |
| जून ०४, २००५ | चेक प्रजासत्ताक |
४ |
| जून ०८, २००५ | आर्जेन्टीना |
२१ |
| जून २९, २००५ | ब्राझिल |
१०२ |
| ऑक्टोबर ०९, २००५ | नेदरलँड्स |
३ |
| ऑक्टोबर १२, २००५ | ब्राझिल |
२६५ |
| जुलै ०४, २००६ | इटली |
४३ |
| ऑगस्ट १६, २००६ | फ्रान्स |
५२ |
| ऑक्टोबर ०७, २००६ | ब्राझिल |
१२२ |
| फेब्रुवारी ०६, २००७ | फ्रान्स |
१ |
| फेब्रुवारी ०७, २००७ | ब्राझिल |
१४० |
| जून २७, २००७ | फ्रान्स |
१४ |
| जुलै ११, २००७ | आर्जेन्टीना |
४ |
| जुलै १५, २००७ | ब्राझिल |
- |
Complete list since 1872: see World Football Elo Ratings leaders.
[संपादन] Ranking by Days as Leader since जानेवारी १, २०००
| Nation | # of days | Last Date as Leader |
|---|---|---|
| ब्राझिल |
११६९ [१] | Current |
| फ्रान्स |
१११५ | १० जुलै २००७ |
| आर्जेन्टीना |
३१६ | १४ जुलै २००७ |
| नेदरलँड्स |
९६ | ९ ऑक्टोबर २००५ |
| इटली |
४३ | १५ ऑगस्ट २००६ |
| चेक प्रजासत्ताक |
८ | ७ जून २००५ |
| स्पेन |
४ | १५ जून २००२ |
- ↑ Does not include current period as rankings leader
[संपादन] History
This system, developed by Hungarian mathematician Dr. Árpád Élő, is used by FIDE, the international chess federation, to rate chess players. In 1997 Bob Runyan adapted the Elo rating system to international football and posted the results on the Internet. He was also the first maintainer of the World Football Elo Ratings web site.
[संपादन] Overview
The Elo system was adapted for football by adding a weighting for the kind of match, an adjustment for the home team advantage, and an adjustment for goal difference in the match result.
The factors taken into consideration when calculating a team's new rating are:
- The team's old rating
- The considered weight of the tournament
- The goal difference of the match
- The result of the match
- The expected result of the match
The different weights of competitions in descending order are;
- World Cup Finals
- Continental championships finals
- World Cup and Continental championship qualifiers
- All other tournaments
- Friendly matches
A large difference here is that FIFA ranks the Confederations Cup third highest while the Elo system ranks it fifth (treating Continental and World Cup qualifiers separately for the purposes of comparison, because FIFA does)
These ratings take into account all international "A" matches for which results could be found. Ratings tend to converge on a team's true strength relative to its competitors after about 30 matches. Ratings for teams with fewer than 30 matches should be considered provisional. Match data are primarily from International Football 1872 - Present web site.
[संपादन] Basic calculation principles
The basic principle behind the Elo ratings is only in its simplest form, similar to that of a league, unlike the FIFA tables who effectively run their table as a normal league table, but with weightings to take into account the other factors, the Elo system has its one formula which takes into account the factors mentioned above. There is no first step as in the FIFA system where a team immediately receives points for the result, there is just one calculation in the Elo system.
The ratings are based on the following formulas:
- Rn = Ro + KG(W − We)
or
- P = KG(W − We)
Where;
| Rn | = The new team rating |
| Ro | = The old team rating |
| K | = Weight index regarding the tournament of the match |
| G | = A number from the index of goal differences |
| W | = The result of the match |
| We | = The expected result |
| P | = Points Change |
[संपादन] Status of match
The status of the match is incorporated by the use of a weight constant. The weight is a constant regarding the "weight" or importance of a match, defined by which tournament the match is in, they are as follows;
| Tournament or Match type | Index (K) |
|---|---|
| World Cup Finals | 60 |
| Continental Championship and Intercontinental Tournaments | 50 |
| World Cup and Continental qualifiers and major tournaments | 40 |
| All other tournaments | 30 |
| Friendly Matches | 20 |
[संपादन] Number of goals
The number of goals is taken into account by use of a goal difference index. G is increased by half if a game is won by two goals, and if the game is won by three or more goals by a number decided through the appropriate calculation shown below;
If the game is won by one goal
- G = 1
If the game is won by two goals
If the game is won by three or more goals
- Where N is the goal difference
Table of examples:
| Goal Difference | Coefficient of K (G) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 1 |
| +1 | 1 |
| +2 | 1.5 |
| +3 | 1.75 |
| +4 | 1.875 |
| +5 | 2 |
| +6 | 2.125 |
| +7 | 2.25 |
| +8 | 2.375 |
| +9 | 2.5 |
| +10 | 2.625 |
[संपादन] Result of match
W is the result of the game (1 for a win, 0.5 for a draw, and 0 for a loss).
[संपादन] Expected result of match
We is the expected result (win expectancy with a draw counting as 0.5) from the following formula:
where dr equals the difference in ratings plus 100 points for a team playing at home. So dr of 0 gives 0.5, of 120 gives 0.666 to the higher ranked team and 0.334 to the lower, and of 800 gives 0.99 to the higher ranked team and 0.01 to the lower.
[संपादन] Examples
The same examples have been used on the FIFA World Rankings for a fair comparison. Some actual examples should help to make the methods of calculation clear. In this instance it is assumed that three teams of different strengths are involved in a small friendly tournament on neutral territory.
Before the tournament the three teams have the following point totals.
| Team | Points |
|---|---|
| A | 630 |
| B | 500 |
| C | 480 |
Thus, team A is by some distance the highest ranked of the three: The following table shows the points allocations based on three possible outcomes of the match between the strongest team A, and the somewhat weaker team B:
[संपादन] Example 1
Team A versus Team B (Team A stronger than Team B)
| Team A | Team B | Team A | Team B | Team A | Team B | |
| Score | 3 : 1 | 1 : 3 | 2 : 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| G | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| W | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| We | 0.679 | 0.321 | 0.679 | 0.321 | 0.679 | 0.321 |
| Total (P) | +9.63 | -9.63 | -20.37 | +20.37 | -3.58 | +3.58 |
[संपादन] Example 2
Team B versus Team C (both teams approximately the same strength)
When the difference in strength between the two teams is less, so also will be the difference in points allocation. The following table illustrates how the points would be divided following the same results as above, but with two roughly equally ranked teams, B and C, being involved:
| Team B | Team C | Team B | Team C | Team B | Team C | |
| Score | 3 : 1 | 1 : 3 | 2 : 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| G | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| W | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| We | 0.529 | 0.471 | 0.529 | 0.471 | 0.529 | 0.471 |
| Total (P) | +14.13 | -14.13 | -15.87 | +15.87 | -0.58 | +0.58 |
Note that Team B loses more ranking points by losing to Team C than by losing to Team A.
