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Mammalogia - Wikipedia, le encyclopedia libere

Mammalogia

De Wikipedia, le encyclopedia libere

Le mammalogia o theriologia (theri, veni del grec therion = bestia) es le scientia que studia le mammales.


Le termino "theoriologia" se usa con frecuentia pro le clasification e diferenciation de cierte species de Mammales que habita le zona de Australia e Sudamerica del resto del mundo, a cause de sue peculiaritate physiologic (supra toto le gestation).

Le classe Mammalia se divide in duo subclasses (oviparos o prototerios; e non oviparos, o therios). intre le primos, sol ha cuatro species, gruppate in tres generes e duo familias(le ornitorrinco e le equidna). Le Prototerios sol se incontra, in stato salvage, in le continente australiano, benque ha indicio de fossiles (de 61 millon de annos) de un specie extinguibile in Argentina, le Monotrematum.

Le subclasse de non oviparos o therios, se divide a su vice in duo infraclasses, selon le loco ubi termina su gestation (le euterios intro del matre e le metaterios in un sacco externe, nominate Marsupial. Le metaterios sol se incontra, in stato salvage, in Australia e Sudamerica.


[modificar] Classe Mammalia (Mammales)

  • Subclasse Prototheria (Prototerios)
  • Subclasse Theria (Le mammales non oviparos)
    • Infraclasse Metatheria (Marsupiales)
    • Infraclasse Eutheria (Placentates)
Classe Mammalia
Subclasse Prototherios Therios
Infraclasse Prototheria Metatheria Eutheria
Ordine Monotremata Marsupialia 18 ordines
Familia Ornithorhynchidae Tachyglossidae 16 familias 114 familias
Genere Ornithorhynchus Tachyglossus Zaglossus 77 generes 970 generes
Species O. anatinus T. aculeatus Z. Bruijnii Z. Attemboroughi >260 species >3990 species

Le maloior parte del differentias intre (prototherios e metatherios) respecto al species plus communes del reste del mundo (placentates o eutherios) habe su origine in un processo evolutive completemente independiente, motivate pro le separation de Pangea face 125 millones de annos, intre le periodo Jurasic e le Cretacic. Durante le cretacic, le metaterios esseva le mammales predominante in omne le continentes; sed le apparition del placentates in le Eoceno causa su lente extintion in le malior parte del mundo. Australia resta separate del reste del continentes, e al non existir competentia con le mammales placentate(sol habeva certes rodentes e vespertiliones), se converte in le principal populator mammales,


[modificar] Origine del mammales

Le mammales es includete intro de un grupo de amniotas appelate synapside, que de plus include a alteres animales plus relationates con le mammales que con le reptiles. Le sinapside plus ancien cognocite es un ophiacontide del pennsylvanian medie (face 320 millon de annos) de Joggins, Nove Scotia. In le permico inferior, le therapside, le grupo que include al mammales e al malior de sus parientes del permico superior e posterior, habeva apparecte (Laurin and Reisz, 1990, 1996). Nonobstante, le mammal plus ancian cognocite sol data del jurasic (Rowe, 1988). Le registro fossil del sinapsides es un del plus extense de omnes le grupos de vertebrates. Ha site usate pro illustrar le concepto de evolution (Hopson, 1987) e pro comprobar patrones macroevolutive (Kemp, 1985). Le niche plus grande in iste registro fossil es intre le sinapsides permo-carboniferees e les therapsides.

La clasification plus acceptate del sinapsides es le sequente:

                                                                 |--Eothyrididae
|---------------------------------------------------Caseasauria--|
|                                                                |--Caseidae
|                  |------------------------------------------------Varanopseidae
|--Eupelycosauria--|
                   |  |---------------------------------------------Ophiacodontidae
                   |--|
                      |  |------------------------------------------Edaphosauridae
                      |--|
                         |                  |-----------------------Haptodus
                         |--Sphenacodontia--|
                                            |  |--------------------Palaeohatteria
                                            |--|       
                                               |  |-----------------Pantelosaurus
                                               |--|
                                                  |  |--------------Cutleria
                                                  |--|
                                                     |-----Sphenacodontoidea
                                                                 |
                                                                / \
                                                               /   \
                                                      Therapsida   Sphenacodontidae
                                                          |
          -----------------------------------------------------
         /            |              |             |           \
  Biarmosuchia  Eotitanosuchia  Dinocephalia  Anomodontia   Theriodontia
                                                                 |
                               ------------------------------------------
                              /                  |                       \
                          Cynodontia      Therocephalia            Gorgonopsia
                              |
                              |
                              |--- Diviniidae
                              |--- Procynosuchidae
                              |--- Galesauridae
                              |--- Thrinaxodontidae
                              |--- Cynognathidae
                              |--- gonfodontes
                              |--- Chiniquodontidae
                              |--- Probainognathidae
                              |--- Tritheledontidae   (Ictidosauria)
                              |--- Mammalia


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