Virgin Galactic
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Virgin Galactic | |
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| Type | Private |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Headquarters | New Mexico, USA |
| Key people | Richard Branson(UK) Will Whitehorn |
| Industry | Space tourism |
| Owner | Virgin Group |
| Employees | 30 |
| Website | www.virgingalactic.com |
Virgin Galactic is a UK company within Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group, which plans to offer sub-orbital spaceflights and, in the future, orbital spaceflights to the paying public.
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[edit] Mission
Virgin Galactic's mission is to fly passengers who are not professional astronauts to an altitude slightly over 100 kilometers (62 mi) and allow them to experience weightlessness for up to 6 minutes. Each seat will be sold for US$200,000.[1][2] According to Virgin Galactic president Will Whitehorn, the company had sold nearly 200 seats as of November 2007.[3] The first flight is planned for 2009.
Virgin Galactic is aiming to be the first space tourism company specializing in the provision of sub-orbital flights to the public. While orbital flights can be made by budding space tourists through the Russian Space Agency, there are presently no operational craft capable of sub-orbital flight aside from SpaceShipOne. However, EADS is currently working on a competing sub-orbital craft. Given that SpaceShipOne was designed for a very specific task, Virgin Galactic has commissioned Burt Rutan to design a newer, bigger and better version of his suborbital craft, called SpaceShipTwo. It is this eight seater craft, seating 2 pilots and 6 passengers, which will be used by Virgin Galactic passengers.
[edit] Spacecraft
- See also: Scaled Composites
[edit] Development of SpaceShipTwo
After talks throughout 2004, on September 24, 2004 Virgin Galactic signed a deal worth up to US$21 million with Mojave Aerospace Ventures to license the patents behind the Tier One project for purposes of space tourism. The deal was announced by Branson and Burt Rutan on September 27, 2004 at the Royal Aeronautical Society in London. The initial plan is for Rutan to design and build five suborbital tourist craft based on a scaled-up version of SpaceShipOne. Construction began in 2005, with twelve to eighteen months of intensive testing (comprising at least 50-100 test flights) planned. Actual spaceflights for ordinary citizens are expected to begin on the SpaceShipTwo VSS Enterprise in Upham, New Mexico soon. It is unknown whether a recent explosion which took place at Scaled Composites will affect the date of the maiden flight.[4][5] Virgin Galactic and Scaled Composites presented their SpaceShip Two on January 23, 2008. The required 50 test flights are scheduled to begin in June 2008.[6]
[edit] General overview of the spacecraft flights
It is planned that the spacecraft are to be robust and affordable enough to take paying passengers. The craft is projected to be a six passenger, two pilot craft.[1] It is planned to make suborbital flights, with a short period of weightlessness. At around 16 kilometers or 52,000 ft, the rocket will separate when the plane reaches its maximum height. The time from liftoff of the White Knight II booster carrying SpaceShipTwo until the touchdown of SpaceShipTwo after the suborbital flight will be about 2.5 hours. The suborbital flight itself will only be a small fraction of that time. The weightlessness will last approximately 6 minutes.[2] Passengers will be able to release themselves from their seats during these 6 minutes and float around the cabin.[1]
[edit] SpaceShipTwo's performance
SpaceShipTwo will fly a little higher than SpaceShipOne, to a height of 110 km in order to go beyond the defined boundary of space (100 km) and lengthen the experience of weightlessness.[1] The spacecraft will reach around Mach 3 (1000 m/s), which is slightly faster than current fighter jets are capable of attaining, however the spacecraft will not be able to sustain that speed for long periods of time. To re-enter the atmosphere SpaceShipTwo folds its wings up, and then returns them to their original position for a smooth and gentle glide back onto the runway. The craft has a very limited cross-range capability and therefore has to land in the area where it started.
[edit] Bookings
Virgin Galactic already has $30 million in bookings for flights. Although the initial deposit is set to be $200,000 for the first 100 to fly, the next 400 will pay a deposit between $100,000 and $175,000; all passengers after that will pay a deposit of only $20,000 each.[1]
Among those reported to have told Branson that they wished to be among the first to fly on the spacecraft are actor William Shatner,[2][7] designer Philippe Starck,[8] Former Jane's Addiction and Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Dave Navarro,[9] Alien star Sigourney Weaver,[10] Hollywood director Bryan Singer,[8] musician Moby,[9] socialite Paris Hilton,[11] and astrophysicist Stephen Hawking (who on January 8, 2007 announced plans to take a sub-orbital flight in 2009).[12] Also, Richard Branson himself and some of his family members will be launched on the VSS Enterprise's first commercial flight in 2009, before everyone else.[13] In 2006, Richard Branson offered actor William Shatner a free ride on the inaugural space launch in 2008, saving Shatner $200,000; however, Shatner turned it down, and said, "I do want to go up but I need guarantees I'll definitely come back".[14] In addition, other celebrities such as Patrick Stewart have expressed serious doubts about flying into space.[15]
In March 2005, Doug Ramsberg, a native of Northglenn, Colorado, won a free trip to suborbital space aboard Virgin Galactic, from a Volvo sweepstakes sponsored by Virgin.[16] In September 2006, Alan Watts, a British businessman, indicated that he was able to redeem 2,000,000 frequent flyer miles for a ticket aboard a 2009 Virgin Galactic space flight.[17]
[edit] Competition
- See also: Private spaceflight
There are numerous other companies actively working on commercial passenger suborbital spaceflight. Virgin Galactic's most likely competitors include EADS Astrium, Rocketplane Limited, Inc., Space Adventures, and Benson Space Company.
In addition, an international architectural competition was held for the design of the Virgin Galactic Spaceport in New Mexico. The contract was awarded to Foster + Partners architects.[18]
[edit] Fleet
Virgin Galactic is planning to have a fleet of two White Knight Two motherships and five or more SpaceShipTwo tourist suborbital spaceplanes.[19]
- White Knight Two carrier aircraft
- SpaceShipTwo suborbital spacecraft
- VSS Enterprise [24]
- VSS Voyager [25] [26]
- unnamed
- unnamed
- unnamed
[edit] See also
- Commercial Astronaut
- List of private spaceflight companies
- Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination
- Space Adventures
- Space colonization
- Space tourism
- Space Tourism Society
- X Prize Foundation
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e Virgin Galactic. virgingalactic.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
- ^ a b c Captain Kirk signs on for Virgin Galactic Space Ride. soultek.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ Spaceflights now for sale; scary part is price. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
- ^ OVERVIEW. virgingalactic.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
- ^ Virgin Galactic Readies Tourist Spacecraft for 2009 Flights. spaceports.blogspot.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
- ^ Asher, Michael (January 23, 2008). Virgin Galactic Unveils First Spaceship. DailyTech. Retrieved on 2008-01-30.
- ^ Shatner aims for real 'Star Trek'. CNN. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ a b Virgin Galactic Aims to Fly Passengers by 2008. space.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ a b Moby set to go into space. nme.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Sigourney Weaver books flight with Virgin Galactic. theregister.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ Branson Lets Virgin Atlantic Pilots Go Galactic. forbes.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Stephen Hawking hopes to go into space. usatoday.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Richard Branson - The Rebel Billionaire and the Ultimate Multipreneur. about.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Captain Kirk reveals he won't go boldly into space. dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Trek star's space travel unease. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
- ^ Spooner, John G.. "From Colorado to outer space", Today on CNET, C, 2005-03-24. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
- ^ "London man uses air miles for space trip", United Press International, September 29, 2006.
- ^ Foster + Partners. fosterandpartners.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
- ^ Malik, Tariq (2008-01-23). Virgin Galactic Unveils Suborbital Spaceliner Design. SPACE.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
- ^ Branson, Richard (10 October 2007). My Friend, Steve Fossett. Time. Retrieved on 2007-10-31.
- ^ Burack, Ari (10 October 2007). Sir Richard Branson, black robed as Father Richard for zany party inaugurating Virgin American flight from San Francisco to Las Vegas. San Francisco Sentinel. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
- ^ Nizza, Mike (2007-10-11). The Legend of Steve Fossett Takes Root. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-20.
- ^ Spaceship Company unveils design of SpaceShipTwo. Pravda Online (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
- ^ Virgin boss in space tourism bid. BBC News (27 September 2004). Retrieved on 2007-10-31.
- ^ Wilson, Simon (2005-01-21). Will space tourism ever take off?. MoneyWeek. Retrieved on 2007-12-20.
- ^ One small step for space tourism... Private spaceflight. The Economist (16 December 2004). Retrieved on 2007-12-20.
[edit] External links
- Virgin Galactic (Turkish,English,Français,Deutsch)
- Virgin Galactic:Let the Journey Begin (Video)
- Branson And Rutan Launch New Spaceship Manufacturing Company
- U.S. Okays Virgin Galactic Spaceship Plans
- New Mexico Spaceport Bills Signed
- Lloyds Eyes Covering Virgin Spaceflights
- Scotland lined up for space launch
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