Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
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| Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta |
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| IATA: CGK – ICAO: WIII | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | PT Angkasa Pura II | ||
| Location | Jakarta | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 32 ft / 10 m | ||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 07R/25L | 12,007 | 3,660 | Paved |
| 07L/25R | 11,811 upgrade into 13,122 | 3,600, upgrade into 4,000 | Paved |
| Unknown | 13,122 | 4,000 | |
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII) is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. The airport is named after the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno, and the first vice-president, Mohammad Hatta. The airport is often called Cengkareng by Indonesian. Its IATA code, CGK is originated from the word Cengkareng.
Located about 20 km west of Jakarta, in Tangerang Regency, Banten, Soekarno-Hatta airport began to operate in 1985, replacing the former Kemayoran Airport (domestic flights) in Central Jakarta, and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in East Jakarta. Kemayoran Airport had since closed. Halim Perdanakusuma is still operating, serving mostly charters and military flights. Terminal 2 was opened in 1992.
The land area of the airport is 18 km². It has two independent parallel runways separated 2,400 m connected by two cross taxiways. There are two main terminal buildings: Terminal 1 is for all domestic airlines except for flights operated by Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines, and Terminal 2 serves all international flights as well as all domestic flights by Garuda and Merpati Nusantara Airlines.
Each terminal building is separated into 3 concourses. Terminal 1A, 1B, and 1C are used for (mostly) domestic flights by Indonesian airlines. Terminal 1A served flights by Lion Air, Wings Air and Indonesia AirAsia.
Terminal 2D and 2E are used to serve all international flights by international airlines. Terminal 2D are for all international airlines served by PT Jasa Angkasa Semesta, one of the ground handlers in the airport. Terminal 2E are for all international airlines served by Garuda, including all international flights of Garuda Merpati. Terminal 2F are for Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines domestic flights.
The airport was designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Charles de Gaulle International Airport in Paris. One of the major characteristics of Soekarno-Hatta airport is the incorporation of the local vernacular architecture into the design, and the presence of tropical gardens in between the waiting lounges. However, due to poor maintenance, its not too strategic location, and lack of budget, the airport is inferior to many international airports in the region. However, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport was noted for its beautiful landscaping: the airport was awarded the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[1]
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport has 150 check-in counters, 30 baggage carousels and 42 gates. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carrousels and 7 gates.
Angkasa Pura II is currently planning to build a new terminal with modern design features. Terminal 3 is being built for low-cost airlines, and already serves hajj flights and transnational migrant laborers. There is a masterplan to make 5 passenger terminals + 1 hajj terminal and 4 runways. In 2009 the airport will be connected to Manggarai Station (future Jakarta central station) by a railway. To finance the expansion, the airport is collecting an Airport Improvement Fee of IDR 100,000 ($9 USD/8 Euro) for each international passenger and IDR 30,000 for each domestic passenger.
In May 2008, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Soekarno-Hatta International Airport as the 6th most punctual airport in the world with 86.3% of its flights departing on time, while 72.3% arriving ontime.[2]
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[edit] History
Between 1928–1974, the Kemayoran Airfield intended for domestic flights was considered too close to an Indonesian military airfield, Halim Perdanakusuma. The civil airspace in the area became narrow, while air traffic increased rapidly, which risked international air traffic. In 1969, a Senior Communication Officers meeting in Bangkok expressed this concern.
In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang airspace was chosen and it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile the Indonesian government started to upgrade the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield to be used for domestic flights.
Between 1974–1975, a Canadian consultant consortium consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974 with a total cost of 1 million Canadian Dollars. The one-year project proceed with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, a perforated road, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975–1981 with a cost of US$ 465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 with a cost of US$ 126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng (code: JIA-C), began.[3]
[edit] Project Phases
1975 – 1977 To dispense the land and also set up the province border was time needed. Schipol, Amsterdam was asked for opinion which according to them is rather expensive and over design. The cost raised up high because of using decentralization system. The Centralization system was a suitable one.
The Team decided on a decentralization system like the one used at Orly West Airfield, Lyon Satolas,, Langen-Hagen-Hanover and Kansas City Airport module system was adopted because it is simple and effective.
12 November 1976
The building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.
18 May 1977
The Final contract design was agreed on by the Indonesian Government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner.
The result was:
• 2 inline runways including taxiways
• Perforate roads: 1 at the east, another at the west for airport services. The west was closed to public use.
• 3 terminals which can accommodate 3 million passengers per year.
• 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic.
• An Airport inside a garden was selected as an image.
20 May 1980
A four year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya as the developer. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the JIA-C Project Director, responsible for the airport's construction.[4]
1 December 1980
The Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384,8 billion with developers. The structure cost would be: Rp. 140,450,513,000 from APBN (national budget), 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$ 15,898,251 from the USA.
1 December 1984
The airport structure was complete.
1 May 1985
The second terminal was started and launched on 11 May 1992.
[edit] Volume of Passengers
This table was based on data from the Airport Council International organization. These statistics are from the movements of passengers, freight and aircraft in CGK.[5]
| Year | Passenger Movements |
Air-freight (tons) |
Aircraft Movements |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 11,818,047 | 281,765 | 123,540 |
| 2002 | 14,830,994 | 306,252 | 144,765 |
| 2003 | 19,702,902 | 310,131 | 186,695 |
| 2004 | 26,083,267 | 322,582 | 233,501 |
| 2005 | 27,947,482 | 336,113 | 241,846 |
| 2006 | 30,863,806 | 384,050 | 250,303 |
[edit] Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (as of March 2008):
[edit] Terminal 1
Terminal 1A
- Indonesia AirAsia (Bali-Denpasar, Balikpapan, Batam, Medan, Padang, Solo, Surabaya)
- Lion Air (Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bau Bau, Bengkulu, Bima, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Kaimana, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Padang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Sorong, Sumbawa, Surabaya, Tahuna, Tarakan, Tual, Yogyakarta)
- Wings Air (Denpasar/Bali, Fak Fak, Luwuk, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Sorong, Ternate, Solo, Yogyakarta)
Terminal 1B
- Batavia Air (Ambon, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Kupang, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Tarakan, Yogyakarta)
- Kartika Airlines (Balikpapan, Batam, Ipoh, Johor Bahru, Medan, Surabaya, Tarakan)
- Sriwijaya Air (Balikpapan, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Malang, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan)
Terminal 1C
- Airfast Indonesia (domestic routes)
- Mandala Airlines (Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Batam, Denpasar, Makassar, Malang, Medan, Padang, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Surabaya, Tarakan, Yogyakarta)
Former users
[edit] Terminal 2
Terminal 2D
- AirAsia (Kuala Lumpur)
- All Nippon Airways (Singapore, Tokyo-Narita)
- Cathay Pacific (Hong Kong)
- Cebu Pacific (Manila)
- China Airlines (Hong Kong, Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
- China Southern Airlines (Beijing, Guangzhou)
- Emirates (Colombo, Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore)
- Etihad Airways (Abu Dhabi)
- EVA Air (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
- Japan Airlines (Tokyo-Narita)
- Korean Air (Kuala Lumpur, Seoul-Incheon)
- Kuwait Airways (Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait)
- Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Singapore)
- Malaysia Airlines (Kuala Lumpur)
- Philippine Airlines (Manila, Singapore)
- Qantas (Perth [ends December 2008 [6]], Sydney)
- Saudi Arabian Airlines (Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Riyadh, Singapore)
- Shenzhen Airlines (Nanning)
- Singapore Airlines (Singapore)
- Thai Airways International (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Singapore)
- Valuair (Singapore)
- Viva Macau (Macau)
- Yemenia (Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Sana'a)
Former users
- Adam Air (Air certificate revoked)
Terminal 2E
- Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Singapore)
- Batavia Air (Guangzhou, Kuching)
- Garuda Indonesia (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing, Chennai, Dubai, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad [Starts June 2008], Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Perth, Riyadh, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita)
- Indonesia AirAsia (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Penang)
- KLM (Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur)
- Lion Air (Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Singapore)
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines (international routes)
- Qatar Airways (Doha, Singapore)
- Royal Brunei Airlines (Bandar Seri Begawan)
Terminal 2F
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines (domestic routes)
- Garuda Indonesia (Ampenan, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Batam, Biak, Denpasar/Bali, Jayapura, Makassar, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Timika, Yogyakarta)
[edit] Terminal 3
Terminal 3 is going to have 5 piers, and each pier has a capacity of 4 million.[8] When Terminal 3 built, the capacity of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is 38 million passengers from currently 18 million.
Terminal 3 Phase I (Pier 1) is currently under construction. When it is completed, Terminal 3 would be dedicated for low cost carriers and A380. Terminal 3 Phase I is underconstruction and finished in September-October 2008.[9] Rendering can be found here[1]. Currently Terminal 3 serves hajj pilgrimage flights and transnational migrant laborers.[10]
In the newest masterplan, the airport will have 2 phases of development. Phase 1 development is to build the Terminal 3 and lengthen Runway 2 to 4,000 m. Phase 2 development is to build Terminal 4 and the third runway (4,000 m). A new elevated train connect to the city is also included in the phase 1 development[11].
[edit] Airport Facilities
Soekarno-Hatta International provides many facilities for the passengers' convenience and during transit.[12] Some of the facilities it provides are:
- Automated teller machines (ATM).
- Bank and bureau de change.
- GMF AeroAsia's hangers
- Postal and Telecommunication service.
- Internet cafe.
- Medical Care Clinic.
- Tourist information
- Hotel and taxi booking facilities.
- Transit hotel.
- Lost and found
- Numerous shops and galleries at both terminals including a duty-free, gift shop, newsagents and book shops.
- Prayer rooms.
Disabled passengers traveling though CGK have many facilities ready for them. Both terminals have toilets specially designed for the disabled and elevators. Airlines if told in advance can provide wheelchairs for disabled passengers.
The airport was designed to resemble the traditional Javanese house called Rumah Joglo and it was combined with a beautifully maintained garden located in every boarding area inside the airport.
[edit] Lounges
There are four first and business Lounges at the Transit Lounge in the departure area. Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Lufthansa, Eva Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines and Singapore Airlines.
Pura Indah Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines (first class only), KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Cathay Pacific and China Airlines.
Aerowisata Catering Services (ACS) first executive lounge, available only for international passengers of Garuda Indonesia. It also welcomes for GECC Cardholder.
Garuda Indonesia lounge caters for first and business class domestic passengers and GECC cardholder.
There is a great Starbucks coffee shop inside the International Terminal. Its a good incentive to leave the city a little earlier, check in and then relax with a coffee and watch the comings and goings of the various airlines.
[edit] Ground Transportation
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport provides a shuttle bus which connects Terminal 1 and 2. CGK also provides parking lots however passengers should be noted that these parking lots are often over capacity.[13]
Depending on traffic, Soekarno-Hatta is a 30 minute drive from Jakarta's city center. Currently a DAMRI Shuttle Bus route links CGK to Rawamangun, Blok M/Kebayoran, Gambir, Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Taxis are provided and is about 30 to 45 minutes into center city Jakarta. Car rental is provided by Avis, Bluebird, Goldenbird and Europcar.[14]
PT RaiLink, subsidiary of PT KA plans to connect Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to Manggarai station by train service. The elevated train service construction started in March 2008 and finished in June 2009.[15]
It is strongly recommended that you allow at least one hour to get to the airport from central Jakarta. If you are leaving the city after 4pm on any day, but especially a Friday, allow 90 minutes. Arriving into Jakarta from other cities you should plan to arrive after 9am so that you miss the heavy traffic. Morning commute from airport to the city can be as much as 2 to 3 hours depending on rain, floods, incidents, roadworks or the toll operators randomly deciding to change the payment methods or on/off ramp configurations. You can never take travel times for granted in Jakarta, and as there is only one road servicing the airport you will almost certainly miss your flight or your first meeting at least once.
[edit] Problems
This airport has experienced many problems. In terminal 1 (domestic), the airport often exceeds its capacity. This forces passengers to stand while waiting for their departure time. In both terminals, some of the restrooms are in very poor condition.
The most recent problem is flooding. In recent years two cases of flooding stranded thousands of passengers at the airport. The only road to the airport got flooded so no vehicles can get through the tollway, with exceptions such as trucks and buses. Right now, there is a solution to this problem that is being researched by PT Jasa Marga Tbk.. The solution is to build a bridge over the last flood's water level so that the tollway will not be flooded again.
It seems that the 'bridge' project is now a dyke project. In June 2008 Jakarta was again threatened by seasonal tidal floods. Weather forecasters were predicting the worst tidal floods in 180 years. However only minor flooding was seen and the partly completed barriers seems to have some impact on keeping the road open.
At this stage (June 2008) the road seems to be some 2 metres below the top of the barrier, not very comforting at all. One wonders if the planners have decided that the 'one in a hundred years' floods, of which Jakarta has had at least 3 in the past 10 years, will not come again.
Areas further inland from the airport reported flooding at least 1 metre higher than ever before and many low laying homes were flooded almost to the ceiling. Most of this internal flooding (only 5 klm from the airport) seems to be the result of unchecked residential development where there has been scant regard for the impact on existing areas and certainly without any improvements to the infrastructure.
[edit] Pictures
 Main entrance |
 Terminal |
 Tower |
 Terminal building with gardens |
[edit] References
- ^ Aga Khan Award for Architecture - The Sixth Award Cycle, 1993-1995
- ^ http://www.forbestraveller.com/jets-planes/on-time-airports-slide-6.html
- ^ http://www.angkasa-online.com/12/04/lain/lain12.htm Riwayat Penerbangan Cengkareng
- ^ Apa dan Siapa - KARNO BARKAH
- ^ Airport Council International.
- ^ http://www.qantas.com.au/regions/dyn/au/publicaffairs/details?ArticleID=2008/jun08/3771
- ^ http://www.qantas.com.au/regions/dyn/au/publicaffairs/details?ArticleID=2008/jun08/3771
- ^ Angkasa Pura II
- ^ http://www.kompas.com/index.php/read/xml/2008/04/21/14575033/terminal.iii.soekarno-hatta.dapat.layani.airbus.a.380.. Kompas
- ^ Silvey, R. "Unequal Borders: Indonesian Transnational Migrants at Immigration Control," Geopolitics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 265-279, 2007.
- ^ Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Map Angkasa Pura II
- ^ Jakarta Airport Guide (CGK).
- ^ Jakarta Airport Guide (CGK).
- ^ Some passenger reviews advise against car rentals or taxis from CGK.Passenger Opinions about CGK.
- ^ Antara
[edit] External links
- PT. Angkasa Pura II: Jakarta International Soekarno-Hatta Airport (English)
- Airport information for WIII at World Aero Data
- Current weather for WIII at NOAA/NWS
- Airport information for CGK at Great Circle Mapper
- Accident history for CGK at Aviation Safety Network
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