Skolts
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The Skolt Sámi or Skolts are a visible Orthodox ethnic group in Lapland, Finland. They currently live in and around the villages of Sevettijärvi, Keväjärvi, Nellim in the municipality of Inari and also in the village of Neiden in the municipality of Tana, Norway. The Skolts are considered to be the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula and belong to the eastern group of Sámi on account of their language and traditions. Current estimates put their number at approximately 700, of which approximately 400 can speak Skolt Sámi.
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[edit] History
As a result of the Treaty of Tartu (1920), the Skolt homeland was split in two, half of which became part of Finland and half the Soviet Union. The border became a threat to the entire identity of the Skolts as it grew difficult for them to live as they traditionally had with reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing as the source of their livelihood.
After the Winter War (1939), Finland lost its portion of the Rybachiy Peninsula to the Soviet Union and after the Continuation War (1941-1944), it lost Petsamo, too. As a result, the Skolts living in Suonikylä and Paatsjoki were evacuated to Finland, with the Suonikylä Skolts settling in Sevettijärvi, the Paatsjoki Skolts in Keväjärvi and along the Rautujoki River of Sevettijärvi, and the Petsamo Skolts in the villages of Mustola, and Sarmijärvi in Nellim.
[edit] Religion
Saint Tryphon of Pechenga converted the Skolts to Christianity in the 16th century and even today, the majority of Skolts are members of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
[edit] Notes
- This article is based on a translation of Koltat from the Finnish Wikipedia (6-24-2007).
