Prosopis
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 Prosopis caldenia, a species of central Argentina.
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See text. |
Prosopis is a genus of about 45 species of leguminous spiny trees and shrubs found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and southwest Asia. They often thrive in arid soil and are resistant to droughts, on occasion developing extremely deep root systems. Their wood is usually hard, dense and durable. Their fruits are pods and may contain large amounts of sugar.
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[edit] Species
Some of the species in this genus are:
- Mesquites (southern United States, Mexico)
- Prosopis glandulosa – Honey Mesquite; haas (Cmiique Iitom)
- Prosopis pallida – American Carob, huarango, kiawe
- Prosopis pubescens – Screwbean Mesquite, "tornillo"
- Prosopis reptans – "tornillo"
- Prosopis strombulifera – Creeping Mesquite
- Prosopis velutina – Velvet Mesquite
- "Algarrobos", bayahondas etc. (Neotropics, particularly the Gran Chaco)
- Prosopis affinis – Ñandubay, Algarrobillo, Espinillo, Ibopé-Morotí
- Prosopis alba – Algarrobo blanco; ibopé or igopé (Guaraní)
- Prosopis alba var. panta – Algarrobo panta
- Prosopis caldenia – Caldén
- Prosopis chilensis – Algarrobo chileno
- Prosopis fiebrigii
- Prosopis flexuosa – Alpataco
- Prosopis hassleri
- Prosopis juliflora – Bayahonda blanca, Bayarone Français; Kabuli Kikar, Vilayati Babul, Vilayati Khejra or Vilayati Kikar (Hindi); trupillo or turpío (Wayuunaiki)
- Prosopis kuntzei – Itín, Barba de tigre, Carandá, Palo mataco
- Prosopis nigra – Algarrobo negro, Algarrobo amarillo, Algarrobo dulce, Algarrobo morado
- Prosopis rojasiana
- Prosopis ruscifolia – Vinal
- Prosopis tamarugo – Tamarugo
- African species
- Prosopis africana
- Asian species (India - mainly Rajasthan - to Arabia)
- Prosopis cineraria – Jand; ghaf (Arabic); sami or sumri (Gujarati); khejri, sangri (Rajasthani); kandi (Sindhi)
[edit] Phytochemistry
Prosopis has been found to contain 5-hydroxytryptamine, apigenin, isorhamnetin-3-diglucoside, l-arabinose, quercetin, tannin and tryptamine.[1]
| Prosopis alba | Beta-phenethylamine and tryptamine[2] |
| Prosopis alpataco | "Aerial parts" contain tryptamine. Phenethylamine derivatives.[3] |
| Prosopis argentina | "Aerial parts" contain tryptamine. Phenethylamine derivatives.[3] |
| Prosopis chilensis[verification needed] | "Aerial parts" contain beta-phenethylamine and derivatives plus tryptamine[3][4] |
| Prosopis argentina | Exudate contains tryptamine. Phenethylamine derivatives.[3] |
| Prosopis glandulosa | Alkaloids in bark and roots,[5] tyramine and N-methyltyramine (a stimulant) in leaves[6] |
| Prosopis juliflora | 5-HTP (plant) and tryptamine (plant).[7] |
| Prosopis nigra | Harman, eleagnine and N-acetyltryptamine[8] |
| Prosopis pugionata | "Aerial parts" contain tryptamine. Phenethylamine derivatives.[3] |
| Prosopis tamarugo | Phenethylamine[4] |
[edit] Photos
 Chilean Algarrobo |
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ Medicinal Plants of the Southwest
- ^ Graziano MN, Ferraro GE, Coussio JD., Alkaloids of Argentine medicinal plants. II.
- ^ a b c d e Alejandro Tapiaa, Gabriela Egly Feresina, Daniel Bustosa, Luis Astudillo, Cristina Theoduloz, Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann Biologically active alkaloids and a free radical scavenger from Prosopis species, Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 71, Issue 1-2, pp. 241 - 246, July, 2000
- ^ a b Proximate composition and biological activity of Chilean Prosopis species, Luis Astudillo, Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann, Juan P Herrera, Manuel Cortés
- ^ MPSW
- ^ Prosopis glandulosa. www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved on 2008-05-01.
- ^ Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
- ^ Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of ... - Google Book Search. books.google.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-01.
[edit] General References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
- Paciecznik, N. M., Harris P. J. C., & S. J. Smith. 2003. Identifying Tropical Prosopis Species: A Field Guide. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0-905343-34-4.
- Handbook on taxonomy of Prosopis in Mexico, Peru and Chile (FAO Document Repository)
- Plant Walk I: Old Main (website of the Vascular Plant Herbarium of the University of Arizona in Tucson)
- Plant Walk 1 UofA
- Plant Walk 2 UofA
[edit] See also
- Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
- Northwestern thorn scrub forests
- Invasive species in Australia
