Primera División Peruana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Primera División Peruana | |
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| Country | Peru |
|---|---|
| Confederation | CONMEBOL |
| Founded | 1928 |
| Number of teams | 14 |
| Relegation to | Segunda División Peruana |
| Level on pyramid | Level 1 |
| Domestic cup(s) | None |
| CONMEBOL cup(s) | Copa Libertadores Copa Sudamericana |
| Current champions | Universidad San Martín de Porres (2007) |
 2008 season |
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The Primera División Peruana (Peruvian First Division) is the first professional division of the Peruvian Football League (Liga Peruana de Futbol). It is also known as Torneo Descentralizado, Division de Honor, and Campeonato Nacional. The current league is officially named Copa Cable Mágico because of its main sponsor, the local cable television provider Cable Mágico. It is currently constested by 14 clubs and is expected to expand to 16 teams in 2009. The league operates a system of Apertura and Clausura and has a promotion and relegation system at the end of the season with the Segunda Division Peruana and the Copa Peru. Seasons run from February to December with teams playing 52 games each. The league is supervised by the Asociación Deportiva de Fútbol Profesional. This association is supervised by the Federación Peruana de Fútbol.
The competition has been played since 1912 but its format has changed several times over the years. The competitions played between 1912 and 1927 were unofficial and in 1928 began the official competitions. The league started out amateur and turned professional in 1951. As of 2007, the league title has been won by over 19 clubs but Universitario de Deportes, Alianza Lima, and Sporting Cristal share a total of 61 titles of the 91 contested. The most recent club to have won the league competition is Universidad San Martín de Porres which formed itself in 2004. This is the first time in 18 years that one of the big three football clubs of Peru did not win the league title.
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[edit] History
Football was played in Peru from the start of the 20th century by British residents where a league of sorts, the Peruvian Championship (Campeonato Peruano), was played in the capital Lima from 1912 to 1921. The Federación Peruana de Fútbol was founded in 1922. The National Football League (Liga Nacional de Football) was introduced, with two unofficial tournaments played in 1926 and 1927, and official F.P.F.-sanctioned tournaments starting the following year. This was still not strictly a national league as only clubs from the Lima and Callao areas could participate, but it was the strongest and the winners were regarded as national champions.
In 1951, the league, previously amateur, turned professional. In 1966 a proper national league, the Decentralized Championship (Campeonato Descentralizado), was introduced with teams from all over the country could participate.
Starting in 1972, many different formats were used, with preliminary metropolitan (Lima area) and a complex network of regional leagues set up to qualify for a final Decentralized Championship to find the national champions, or championship groups (liguillas, "small leagues") following a regular season. An Apertura and Clausura format has been in place since 1997, with two half-year tournaments leading to a playoff final between its winners. With regard to foreign players, Peruvians teams are limited to three players without Peruvian citizenship per game. For each game, the team presents a list of 18 players; 11 on the field and 7 on the bench. In that list, no more than 3 players can be foreign players. This has led some foreign players to become naturalized Peruvian citizens in order to give the "foreign spot" to another player that the club wishes to use.
Traditionally the strongest teams have always been from Lima and include Universitario de Deportes, Alianza Lima, Sporting Cristal and from nearby Callao, Sport Boys, though since the league has opened up, teams from the other regions have begun to make their presence felt more. In particular, a team from Cuzco, Cienciano, has been the only Peruvian team to win international tournaments (Copa Sudamericana 2003 and Recopa Sudamericana 2004), though it has yet to win the domestic championship.
[edit] Format
- First Division: 14 clubs (16-club expansion for 2009).
- Bottom two relegated to Second Division.
- Champions and Runners-up of Second Division and Copa Perú will be promoted in their place.
- Second Division: 10 clubs (12-club expansion for 2009)
- Champion and Runner-up promoted to First Division.
- Last place team dismissed from the league and must re-qualify through Copa Perú.
- Remaining empty spots to be decided.
- Copa Perú: Variable number of clubs.
- Series of tournaments across the country (format may vary between league or cup).
- Final round is a knockout tournament of 16 teams.
- Champion and Runner-up promoted to First Division.
- Third place team promoted to Second Division.
[edit] Current teams
[edit] Seasons
[edit] Amateur era
[edit] Professional era
[edit] Clubs by titles
[edit] National titles
As of end of 2007
| Club | National titles | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Era | Status | Level | |||||
| Liga (1912-21) |
Campeonato Amateur (1926-50) |
Campeonato Profesional (51-present) |
Unofficial (1912-27) |
Official (1928-present) |
Amateur (1912-50) |
Professional (1951-present) |
||
| Universitario[1] | 24 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 7 | 17 | ||
| Alianza Lima[2] | 22 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 19 | 8 | 14 |
| Sporting Cristal[3] | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | ||||
| Sport Boys | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Deportivo Municipal | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Unión Huaral | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Mariscal Sucre FC | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Atlético Chalaco | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| CS Progreso | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Lima Cricket FBC | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Sport José Gálvez[4] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| U. San Martín | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Defensor Lima | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| FBC Melgar | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| San Agustín | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Centro Iqueño | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Jorge Chávez | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Juan Bielovucic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Sport Inca | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
[edit] Half-year titles (1997-present)
As of end of 2007
| Club | Half-year titles (1997-present) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Apertura | Clausura | ||
| Alianza Lima[5] | 4 | 3 | |
| Sporting Cristal | 1 | 4 | |
| Universitario | 4 | 1 | |
| Cienciano | 1 | 2 | |
| U. San Martín | 1 | 0 | |
| Coronel Bolognesi | 0 | 1 | |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Includes titles as "Federación Universitaria" (until 1932).
- ^ Includes titles as "Sport Alianza" (Liga).
- ^ Formerly "Sporting Tobacco" (until 1955), although no titles were won under that name.
- ^ Campeonato Peruano team from Lima, not to be confused with Club José Gálvez from Chimbote.
- ^ Includes 2003 Clausura, which was not officially awarded after being cut short by a players strike. Alianza Lima was the leader after 15 of 22 rounds, and was given the right to play for the national title against the Apertura winners, Sporting Cristal.
[edit] External links
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Primera División Peruana 2008
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Primera División Peruana seasons
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