Peko
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Peko (Finnish spelling Pekka, Pellon Pekka) is an ancient Estonian and Finnish god of crops, especially barley and brewing. In the area of Setumaa, between Estonia and Russia, inhabited by the seto-speaking Setos, the cult of Peko was alive until the 20th century. Today, the Seto people (an ethnic group of Estonians in the south-east of the country) also revere Peko as their national hero and king, the name and figure are widely used as a national symbol.
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[edit] Legend
In Finland, Peko is known as Pellon Pekko (Peko of the field). He is the protector of the fields and brewer of the beer, first mentioned by bishop Agricola in 1551 as the god of Karelians.
Peko is sometimes associated with Estonian Pikne (Pitkne), Baltic Perkunas or even Chistian Saint Peter.
[edit] Traditions
Before Pentecost festivities, before the dawn broke, young Seto men held a ritual fight until the first drop of blood was shed. The bleeding person became the host of the next year's feast. Black candles were lit to revere wooden idols of Peko. The people chanted "Peko, Peko, come to drink the beer" and some older man called the priests of Peko made sacrifices.
The second holiday dedicated to Peko was held after the harvest. Peko was also revered during Candlemas and Midsummer feasts. The carved idols of Peko were kept hidden in granaries around the year. The head of the idol typically had holes for candles.
[edit] Modern Appearances
Setonian folksinger Anne Vabarna has created the epic "Songs of Peko" where Peko is depicted as a Setonian hero. Peko is in eternal sleep in the cave. When someone calls his name, he brings the rain to the fields. If people of his kin remember his advice and work hard, Peko sends them abundant crops. Peko is praised as a warrior who frees the country, as a hunter who gives bear skins to villagers and as a host of wedding feasts. He ploughs the field with a wooden plough and protects the people against evil spirits who make people to drink too much. Pekos' spirit can fly around as butterfly.
The supposed grave of Peko is under an old oak tree near the Pskov-Pechorsky Monastery.
He also appears in a song of Korpiklaani, a folk finnish-metal group. The song is called "PELLON PEKKO".
[edit] References
- Suhonen, S. & Hagu, P. (1995). Peko. Kuopio: Snellman Institute. ISBN 951-842-166-8.
[edit] See also
- Estonian mythology
- Finnish mythology
- The second part of the Song of Peko by Anne Vabarna (in the Seto language, with a foreword in Estonian)
- Article on Peko from the web of the Seto Kingdom (in Estonian)
- Reports on the cult of Peko from the Estonian Folklore Archives (via the LEPP database; in Estonian)
