Portal:Peer review
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- This is a portal about the scientific process of peer review. For the official guideline on peer review of Wikipedia articles, see Wikipedia:Peer review; for peer reviewing of Wikipedia portals, see Wikipedia:Portal peer review. For other uses, see Peer review (disambiguation).
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Peer review (known as refereeing in some academic fields) is a process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field. It is used primarily by editors to select and to screen submitted manuscripts, and by funding agencies to decide the awarding of grants. The peer review process has a normative function by encouraging authors to meet the accepted high standards of their discipline and to prevent the dissemination of unwarranted claims, unacceptable interpretations or personal views.
An academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of existing research. Content typically takes the form of articles presenting original research, review articles, and book reviews. Academic or professional publications that are not peer-reviewed are usually called professional magazines.
The term "academic journal" applies to scholarly publications in all fields; this article discusses the aspects common to all academic field journals. Scientific journals and journals of the quantitative social sciences vary in form and function from journals of the humanities and qualitative social sciences; their specific aspects are separately discussed. The similar American and British journal publication systems are primarily discussed here; practices differ in other regions of the world.
- According to the common definition of a peer review, the first peer review was the Medical Essays and Observations published by the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1731. The present-day peer review system evolved from this 18th century process?[1]
- Some university presses undertake peer review of books. After positive review by two or three independent referees, a university press sends the manuscript to the press's editorial board, a committee of faculty members, for final approval?[2] And that such a review process is a requirement for full membership of the Association of American University Presses?[3]
- Autoplagiarism involves an author republishing the same material or data without citing their earlier work?
- The prominent academic journal Nature openly debates its own peer-review process in an attempt to answer questions about the effectiveness, value, and best practises for peer review?[4] [5]
Jan Hendrik Schön (born 1970) is a German physicist who briefly rose to prominence after a series of apparent breakthroughs that were later discovered to be fraudulent.[6] Before he was exposed, Schön had received the Otto-Klung-Weberbank Prize for Physics in 2001, the Braunschweig Prize in 2001 and the Outstanding Young Investigator Award of the Materials Research Society in 2002.
The Schön scandal provoked discussion in the scientific community about the degree of responsibility of coauthors and reviewers of scientific papers. The debate centered on whether peer review traditionally designed to find errors and determine relevance and originality of papers, should also be required to detect deliberate fraud.
These categories relate to Wikipedia's peer-review process:
There is currently no category for peer-review not relating to peer-review of Wikipedia articles.
- ^ Dale J. Benos et al.: "The Ups and Downs of Peer Review", Advances in Physiology Education, Vol. 31 (2007), pp. 145–152 (145): "Scientific peer review has been defined as the evaluation of research findings for competence, significance, and originality by qualified experts. These peers act as sentinels on the road of scientific discovery and publication."
- ^ Arnold, Gordon B. (2003). "University presses". Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed.) v. 7. Ed. James W. Guthrie. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 2601. ISBN 0-02-865601-6.
- ^ AAUP Membership Benefits and Eligibility. Association of American University Presses. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.
- ^ Peer Review : Debate : Nature
- ^ Peer-to-Peer
- ^ "Scandal Rocks Scientific Community", Deutsche Welle, 30 Sep 2002.
