Paris Métro Line 14

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line 14
Year opened	1998
Last extension	2007
Rolling stock	MP 89
Stations served	9
Length	9 km
Length	5.6 mi
Average interstation	1129 m
Journeys made	62,469,502 (per annum)
Paris public transport Métro lines line 1 line 7bis line 2 line 8 line 3 line 9 line 3bis line 10 line 4 line 11 line 5 line 12 line 6 line 13 line 7 line 14 RER lines line A line D line B line E line C Suburban rail (Transilien) Saint-Lazare Nord La Défense Est Montparnasse Lyon Airport shuttles CDGVAL Orlyval Bus Bus (RATP) Noctilien   Bus (Optile)   Tramway Tramway T1 Tramway T2 Tramway T3 Tramway T4

Paris Métro Line 14 of Paris metro crosses the center of Paris and currently runs between the Saint Lazare and Olympiades stations. It is the twelfth busiest line on the network. It was the second driverless (automated) line of Île-de-France after Orlyval, but the first fully integrated one into the existing Paris metro network. Before being put into commercial service, it was known by its project name, Meteor, an acronym of Métro Est-Ouest Rapide.

Contents 1 Chronology 2 The Meteor Project 3 List of stations 4 Future 5 Map 6 Tourism 7 The former line 14 7.1 Chronology 7.2 Stations renamed 8 Trivia 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

[edit] Chronology

• October 15, 1998: The new line 14 was inaugurated between Madeleine and Bibliothèque F. Mitterrand.
• December 16, 2003: Line 14 was extended north from Madeleine to Saint-Lazare.
• June 26, 2007: Line 14 was extended south from Bibliothèque François Mitterrand to Olympiades.^[1]

[edit] The Meteor Project

The Meteor project had the following objectives:

• To reduce the burden on RER line A, which was overloaded on the section crossing Paris;
• To connect East Paris with West Paris without using an existing RER line;
• To improve service to the left bank of the Seine, especially in the XIIIe arrondissement.

The French government started the project in 1989 and the tunnels were dug between 1993 and 1995. It was opened to the public in 1998 and had its first automatic run in October 1998.

Before the current line 14 was built, there was another line 14 that existed until 1976. It corresponded to the southern section of the current line 13 (connecting Invalides with Porte de Vanves.)

Some features of Line 14's train control system are run under the OpenVMS Operating System. Its control system is noted in the field of software engineering of critical systems because safety properties on some safety-critical parts of the systems were proved using the B-Method, a formal method.

Line 14 has some unusual design features — its floor tiling is not bitumenized, and platform edge doors at stations prevent passengers from falling onto the track or from committing suicide.

The south extend of the line to Olympiades in June 2007, an area of high rise towers in the XIIIe arrondissement that is currently not served very well, was not a real extension: the tunnel was built at the same time as the rest of the line, but it was used as a train parking area, so a new parking area was constructed. The building of this extension caused the collapse of the courtyard of an elementary school; fortunately, on that day, no children were present. For various reasons, the underground of much of Paris is quite fragile and considerable care must be exercised before tunnelling work. (See Catacombs of Paris.)

[edit] List of stations

Station	Connections	observations
Saint-Lazare	Lines 3, 9, 12, 13 RER E Transilien Saint-Lazare Gare Saint-Lazare grande Line
Madeleine	Lines 8 and 12	near the Église de la Madeleine
Pyramides	Line 7	named after Battle of the Pyramids and actually matching with the glass pyramids built in the Cour du Louvre
Châtelet	Lines 1, 4, 7 and 11 RER A, B and D	named after Place du Châtelet
Gare de Lyon	Line 1 RER A and D Transilien Lyon Gare de Lyon (national rail)	named after railway station to Lyon
Bercy	Line 6 Gare de Bercy (national rail)
Cour Saint-Émilion
Bibliothèque François Mitterrand	RER C	named after François Mitterrand
Olympiades		named after Les Olympiades

[edit] Future

It is planned to extend the line from Olympiades to Maison Blanche, with a connection to Line 7's Villejuif branch possible.

Line 14 may also be extended north from Saint-Lazare. There have been a number of different routes put forward;

• The line taking over the Asnières - Gennevilliers branch of line 13.
• The line taking over the Saint-Denis branch of line 13.
• The line taking a separate route that crosses between the branches with stations at Porte de Clichy on the Asnières - Gennevilliers branch and Mairie de Saint-Ouen on the Saint-Denis branch.

An extension to Orly Airport is highly unlikely at present.

[edit] Map

[edit] Tourism

Metro line 14 passes near several places of interest:

• Two 19th-century train stations: Saint-Lazare and Gare de Lyon.
• The Church of the Madeleine.
• At Bercy, the Ministry of Finance, Paris-Bercy sports Arena and its gardens.
• Bercy village.
• The Bibliothèque nationale de France National Library of France and Paris' largest library.

[edit] The former line 14

The first line 14 was actually planned as line C of the Nord-Sud company (line A being today's line 12 and line B being today's line 13). Unfortunately, the Nord-Sud company went bankrupt in 1930 and was taken over by the other company operating Paris metro: the CMP (which later became the RATP). The CMP subsequently implemented Line C as line 14. In the 1970s, the line was incorporated to the line 13.

[edit] Chronology

• January 21, 1937: The line 14 was inaugurated between Bienvenüe and Porte de Vanves.
• July 27, 1937: The line was extended northbound from Bienvenüe to Duroc. The section between Invalides and Duroc which used to be served by line 10 was transferred to line 14.
• November 9, 1976: Line 14 was incorporated into line 13, which became a complete north-south line.

[edit] Stations renamed

• October 6, 1942: Bienvenüe was renamed as Montparnasse - Bienvenüe (today on line 13).

[edit] Trivia

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

• The subway of Lausanne (new m2 line) uses a shortened version of the trains used on line 14, with only two cars per train.
• The line is the deepest of the regular Métro lines, mainly because the higher subterranean levels of the city were already crowded with other Métro lines and infrastructure.
• Stations are audibly announced twice at each stop on the line.
• Visible indicators near the doors alert the hearing-impaired to door closure.
• All trainsets on line 14 allow passengers to walk from one end of the train to the other inside the train.
• All stations are accessible to wheelchairs on Line 14.
• Line 14 uses the "SAET" system, which consists in using "moving block" signalling as opposed to traditional "fixed block" signalling. The purpose of this system is to generate a greater train frequency and to avoid the "traffic jams" that traditional signalling would cause. The RER A, which is the urban rail line experiencing the heaviest traffic in the western world, also use moving blocks, but with the partially automated SACEM system. Line 13 and Line 1, both among the busiest metro lines in Paris, should be converted to moving blocks, line 1 fully automated with SAET, line 13 with the partially automated "Ouragan" system, in the upcoming years.
• The immersed tunnel needed to cross the river Seine was built by Spie Batignolles.

[edit] See also

• List of stations of the Paris Métro
• List of stations of the Paris RER

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• (French) RATP official website
• (English) RATP english speaking website
• (English) Interactive Map of the RER (from RATP's website)
• (English) Interactive Map of the Paris métro (from RATP's website)
• (French) Mobidf website, dedicated to the RER (unofficial)
• (French) Metro-Pole website, dedicated to Paris public transports (unofficial)

Paris Métro	Line 14
Saint-Lazare ⇒ 3 9 12 13 E · Madeleine ⇒ 8 12 · Pyramides ⇒ 7 · Châtelet ⇒ 1 4 7 11 A B D · Gare de Lyon ⇒ 1 A D · Bercy ⇒ 6 · Cour Saint-Émilion · Bibliothèque François Mitterrand ⇒ C · Olympiades