Monarch flycatcher
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Monarchinae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Female Volcano ‘Elepaio
Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi |
||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Genera | ||||||||||||
The monarch flycatchers, Monarchidae, are a family of birds. Well-known forms included here are boatbills, monarch flycatchers, paradise-flycatchers and the Magpie-lark.
Many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups, largely on the basis of general morphology or behaviour. The Magpie-lark, for example, was assigned to the same family as the White-winged Chough, since both build unusual nests from mud rather than vegetable matter. The Australasian fantails were thought to be allied with the fantails of the northern hemisphere (they have a similar diet and behaviour), and so on.
With the new insights generated by the DNA-DNA hybridisation studies of Sibley and his co-workers toward the end of the 20th century, however, it became clear that these apparently unrelated birds were all descended from a common ancestor: the same crow-like ancestor that gave rise to the drongos.[1] On that basis they have been included as a subfamily of the Dicruridae, along with the fantails,[2] although Christidis and Boles have more recently treated it at familial rank as Monarchidae.[3]
More recently, the grouping has been refined somewhat as the original concept of Corvida has proven paraphyletic. The narrower 'Core corvine' group now comprises the crows and ravens, shrikes, birds of paradise, fantails, monarch flycatchers, drongos and mudnest builders.[4]
The Monarchinae are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, many of which hunt by flycatching.
[edit] Taxonomic list of Monarchidae
Based on del Hoyo et al (2006)
- Genus Hypothymis
- Black-naped Monarch, Hypothymis azurea
- Short-crested Monarch, Hypothymis helenae
- Pale-blue Monarch, Hypothymis puella
- Celestial Monarch, Hypothymis coelestis
- Negros Celestial Monarch, Hypothymis coelestis rabori – possibly extinct (late 20th century?)
- Genus Eutrichomyias – Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher
- Genus Trochocercus
- Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher, Trochocercus nitens
- African Crested Flycatcher, Trochocercus cyanomelas
- Genus Terpsiphone – typical paradise-flycatchers (14 species)
- Genus Chasiempis – ‘Elepaio
- Genus Pomarea
- Eiao Monarch, Pomarea fluxa – extinct (late 1970s). Formerly included in P. mendozae
- Nuku Hiva Monarch, Pomarea nukuhivae – extinct (20th century). Formerly included in P. iphis
- Rarotonga Monarch, Pomarea dimidiata
- Tahiti Monarch,Pomarea nigra
- Marquesas Monarch, Pomarea mendozae
- Hiva Oa Monarch, Pomarea mendozae mendozae – extinct (late 1970s)
- Ua Pou Monarch, Pomarea mira – extinct (c. 1986). Formerly included in P. mendozae
- Maupiti Monarch, Pomarea pomarea – extinct (mid-19th century)
- Iphis Monarch, Pomarea iphis
- Fatuhiva Monarch, Pomarea whitneyi
- Genus Mayrornis
- Vanikoro Monarch, Mayrornis schistaceus
- Ogea Monarch, Mayrornis versicolor
- Slaty Monarch, Mayrornis lessoni
- Genus Neolalage
- Buff-bellied Monarch, Neolalage banksiana
- Genus Clytorhynchus
- Southern Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides
- Fiji Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus vitiensis
- Manu'a Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus (vitiensis) powelli – possibly extinct (1990s?)
- Black-throated Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus nigrogularis
- Santa Cruz Shrikebill or Nendo Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus sanctaecrucis - formerly in C. nigrogularis
- Rennell Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus hamlini
- Genus Metabolus
- Truk Monarch, Metabolus rugensis
- Genus Monarcha
Black-faced Monarch, Monarcha melanopsis
- Black Monarch, Monarcha axillaris
- Rufous Monarch, Monarcha rubiensis
- Island Monarch, Monarcha cinerascens
- Black-faced Monarch, Monarcha melanopsis
- Black-winged Monarch, Monarcha frater
- Bougainville Monarch, Monarcha erythrostictus
- Chestnut-bellied Monarch, Monarcha castaneiventris
- White-capped Monarch, Monarcha richardsii
- White-eared Monarch, Monarcha leucotis
- White-naped Monarch, Monarcha pileatus
- Loetoe Monarch, Monarcha castus
- Spot-winged Monarch, Monarcha guttulus
- Black-bibbed Monarch, Monarcha mundus
- Flores Monarch, Monarcha sacerdotum
- Black-chinned Monarch, Monarcha boanensis
- Spectacled Monarch, Monarcha trivirgatus
- White-tailed Monarch, Monarcha leucurus
- White-tipped Monarch, Monarcha everetti
- Black-tipped Monarch, Monarcha loricatus
- Black-backed Monarch, Monarcha julianae
- Biak Monarch, Monarcha brehmii
- Hooded Monarch, Monarcha manadensis
- Manus Monarch, Monarcha infelix
- White-breasted Monarch, Monarcha menckei
- Black-tailed Monarch, Monarcha verticalis
- Black-and-white Monarch, Monarcha barbatus
- Kulambangra Monarch, Monarcha browni
- White-collared Monarch, Monarcha viduus
- Yap Monarch, Monarcha godeffroyi
- Tinian Monarch, Monarcha takatsukasae
- Golden Monarch, Monarcha chrysomela
- Genus Arses
- Rufous-collared Monarch, Arses insularis
- Frilled Monarch, Arses telescophthalmus
- Frill-necked Monarch, Arses lorealis
- Pied Monarch, Arses kaupi
- Genus Myiagra
- Guam Flycatcher, Myiagra freycineti – extinct (1983)
- Oceanic Flycatcher, Myiagra oceanica
- Palau Flycatcher, Myiagra erythrops
- Pohnpei Flycatcher, Myiagra pluto
- Moluccan Flycatcher, Myiagra galeata
- Biak Flycatcher, Myiagra atra
- Leaden Flycatcher, Myiagra rubecula
- Steel-blue Flycatcher, Myiagra ferrocyanea
-
- Ochre-headed Flycatcher, Myiagra cervinicauda
- Melanesian Flycatcher, Myiagra caledonica
- Vanikoro Flycatcher, Myiagra vanikorensis
- Samoan Flycatcher, Myiagra albiventris
- Blue-crested Flycatcher, Myiagra azureocapilla
- Broad-billed Flycatcher, Myiagra ruficollis
- Satin Flycatcher, Myiagra cyanoleuca
- Shining Flycatcher, Myiagra alecto
- Dull Flycatcher, Myiagra hebetior
- Paperbark Flycatcher, Myiagra nana
- Restless Flycatcher, Myiagra inquieta
- Genus Lamprolia – Silktail (Taxonomic position uncertain)
- Genus Machaerirhynchus – boatbills (2 species – Taxonomic position uncertain)
- Genus Elminia
- African Blue Flycatcher, Elminia longicauda
- White-tailed Blue Flycatcher, Elminia albicauda
- Dusky Crested Flycatcher, Elminia nigromitrata
- White-bellied Crested Flycatcher, Elminia albiventris
- White-tailed Crested Flycatcher, Elminia albonotata
- Genus Erythrocercus – probably belongs to the Cettiidae
- Yellow Flycatcher, Erythrocercus holochlorus
- Chestnut-capped Flycatcher, Erythrocercus mccallii
- Livingstone's Flycatcher, Erythrocercus livingstonei
- Genus Grallina
- Magpie-lark, Grallina cyanoleuca
- Torrent-lark, Grallina bruijni
[edit] References
- ^ Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
- ^ Christidis L, Boles WE (1994). The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Melbourne: RAOU.
- ^ Christidis L, Boles WE (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing, p. 174. ISBN 9780643065116.
- ^ Cracraft J, Barker FK, Braun M, Harshman J, Dyke GJ, Feinstein J, Stanley S, Cibois A, Schikler P, Beresford P, García-Moreno J, Sorenson MD, Yuri T, Mindell DP (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life", in Cracraft J, Donoghue MJ: Assembling the tree of life. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 468-89. ISBN 0195172345.
- Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X.
[edit] External links
- Monarch Flycatcher videos on the Internet Bird Collection
