Modern pentathlon
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The modern pentathlon is a sports contest consisting of five events, derived from the Greek root of pente, meaning five. The events are épée fencing, pistol shooting, 200 m freestyle swimming, a show jumping course on horseback, and a cross-country run. The epithet modern is important to discern it from the ancient athletics pentathlon – none of the events of modern penthatlon was part of the ancient Olympics.
The modern pentathlon was invented by the Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games. As the events of the ancient pentathlon were modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier of that time, Coubertin created the contest to simulate the experience of a 19th century cavalry soldier behind enemy lines: he must ride an unfamiliar horse, fight with pistol and sword, swim, and run.
The event was first contested at the 1912 Olympic Games, and was won by a Swede named Gösta Lilliehöök. Future American World War II General George S. Patton finished fifth.
The modern pentathlon has been on the Olympic program continuously since 1912. A team event was added to the Olympic Games in 1952 and discontinued in 1992 . An event for women was added in 2000 . In non-Olympic years, a World Championship is held, beginning in 1949. Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to improve the event's commercial image. In spite of the event's strong pedigree in the modern olympics, and its status as the only event created specifically for the modern olympic games, its lack of widespread popularity outside of Eastern Europe has led to calls for its removal from the Olympic games in recent years.
However, a vote by the IOC on July 8, 2005 keeps it in the Olympic Program at least till 2012.
The sport is governed by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM), the International Modern Pentathlon Union.
Contents |
[edit] Disciplines of the modern pentathlon
[edit] Shooting
- See also: 10 m Air Pistol
The shooting discipline involves using a 4.5 mm air pistol in the standing position from 10 metres distance at a stationary target. Each competitor has 20 shots, with 40 seconds for each shot.
[edit] Fencing
- See also: fencing (sport)
The fencing discipline uses the épée. The competition is a round-robin, with each competitor facing all of the others. Each lasts about one minute, with the first to score a hit winning. If neither fencer scores within one minute, the bout is scored as a double loss.
[edit] Swimming
- See also: Swimming
The swimming discipline is a 200 m freestyle race. Competitors are seeded in heats according to their fastest time over the distance.
[edit] Riding
- See also: Equestrianism
The riding discipline involves show jumping over a 350-450 meter course with between 12 and 15 obstacles. Competitors are paired with horses in a draw 20 minutes before the start of the event.
[edit] Running
- See also: Running
The running discipline involves a 3,000 m cross-country race. Competitors are ranked according to their score from the first four disciplines and given different start times, with the leader going first. The first person to cross the finish line is the overall winner of the pentathlon.
[edit] World champions
[edit] Individual men
| Year | Athlete | Nationality |
|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Tage Bjurefelt |  Sweden |
| 1950 | Lars Hall | Sweden |
| 1951 | Lars Hall | Sweden |
| 1953 | Gábor Benedek |  Hungary |
| 1954 | Björn Thofelt | Sweden |
| 1955 | Konstantion Salnikov |  Soviet Union |
| 1957 | Igor Novikov | Soviet Union |
| 1958 | Igor Novikov | Soviet Union |
| 1959 | Igor Novikov | Soviet Union |
| 1961 | Igor Novikov | Soviet Union |
| 1962 | Eduard Sdobnikov | Soviet Union |
| 1963 | András Balczo | Hungary |
| 1965 | András Balczo | Hungary |
| 1966 | András Balczo | Hungary |
| 1967 | András Balczo | Hungary |
| 1969 | András Balczo | Hungary |
| 1970 | Péter Kelemen | Hungary |
| 1971 | Boris Onishchenko | Soviet Union |
| 1973 | Pavel Lednev | Soviet Union |
| 1974 | Pavel Lednev | Soviet Union |
| 1975 | Pavel Lednev | Soviet Union |
| 1977 | Janusz Pyciak-Peciak |  Poland |
| 1978 | Pavel Lednev | Soviet Union |
| 1979 | Robert Nieman |  United States |
| 1981 | Janusz Pyciak-Peciak | Poland |
| 1982 | Daniele Masala |  Italy |
| 1983 | Anatoli Starostin | Soviet Union |
| 1985 | Attila Mizser | Hungary |
| 1986 | Carlo Massullo | Italy |
| 1987 | Joël Bouzou |  France |
| 1989 | László Fabian | Hungary |
| 1990 | Gianluca Tiberti | Italy |
| 1991 | Arkadiusz Skrzypaszek | Poland |
| 1993 | Richard Phelps |  United Kingdom |
| 1994 | Dmitri Svatkovski |  Russia |
| 1995 | Dmitri Svatkovski | Russia |
| 1996 | Alexander Parygin |  Kazakhstan |
| 1997 | Sebastien Deleigne | France |
| 1998 | Sebastien Deleigne | France |
| 1999 | Gábor Balogh | Hungary |
| 2000 | Andrejus Zadneprovskis |  Lithuania |
| 2001 | Gábor Balogh | Hungary |
| 2002 | Michal Sedlecký |  Czech Republic |
| 2003 | Eric Walther |  Germany |
| 2004 | Andrejus Zadneprovskis | Lithuania |
| 2006 | Edvinas Krungolcas | Lithuania |
| 2007 | Viktor Horvath | Hungary |
[edit] Individual women
| Year | Athlete | Nationality |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | A Ahlgren | Sweden |
| 1982 | W Norman | United Kingdom |
| 1983 | L Chernobrywy |  Canada |
| 1984 | S Jakovleva | Soviet Union |
| 1985 | B Kotowska | Poland |
| 1986 | I Kisselyeva | Soviet Union |
| 1987 | I Kisselyeva | Soviet Union |
| 1988 | D Idzi | Poland |
| 1989 | Lori Norwood | United States |
| 1990 | Eva Fjellerup |  Denmark |
| 1991 | Eva Fjellerup | Denmark |
| 1992 | I Kowalewska | Poland |
| 1993 | Eva Fjellerup | Denmark |
| 1994 | Eva Fjellerup | Denmark |
| 1995 | K Danielsson | Sweden |
| 1996 | Janna Dolgaschewa-Schubenok |  Belarus |
| 1997 | J Suworowa | Russia |
| 1998 | Anna Sulima | Poland |
| 1999 | Zsuzsanna Vörös | Hungary |
| 2000 | P Svarre | Denmark |
| 2001 | Stephanie Cook | United Kingdom |
| 2002 | Bea Simoka | Hungary |
| 2003 | Zsuzsanna Vörös | Hungary |
| 2004 | Zsuzsanna Vörös | Hungary |
| 2005 | Claudia Corsini | Italy |
| 2006 | Marta Dziadura | Poland |
| 2007 | Amelia Caze | France |
