List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of historical autonomist and secessionist movements around the world. They may or may not have succeeded in their goal.

For currently active movements, please see: List of active autonomist and secessionist movements.

Contents 1 Africa 1.1 Algeria 1.2 Angola 1.3 Botswana 1.4 Burundi 1.5 Cameroon 1.6 Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau 1.7 Central African Republic 1.8 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1.9 Côte d'Ivoire 1.10 Egypt 1.11 Eritrea 1.12 Ghana 1.13 Katanga 1.14 Kenya 1.15 Mali 1.16 Mauritius 1.17 Morocco 1.18 Mozambique 1.19 Namibia 1.20 Niger 1.21 Nigeria 1.22 São Tomé and Príncipe 1.23 Seychelles 1.24 Sierra Leone 1.25 Somalia 1.26 Sudan 1.27 Tanganyika 1.28 Tunisia 1.29 Uganda 1.30 Zambia 1.31 Zanzibar 1.32 Zimbabwe 2 Asia 2.1 Bangladesh 2.2 Burma 2.3 Cambodia 2.4 India 2.5 Indonesia 2.6 Kazakhstan 2.7 Korea 2.8 Laos 2.9 Malaysia 2.10 Maldives 2.11 Mongolia 2.12 North Korea 2.13 Oman 2.14 Pakistan 2.15 Philippines 2.16 Singapore 2.17 Sri Lanka 2.18 Syria 2.19 Vietnam 2.20 Yemen 3 Europe 3.1 Albania 3.2 Armenia 3.3 Azerbaijan 3.4 Belarus 3.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.6 Bulgaria 3.7 Croatia 3.8 Cyprus 3.9 Czech Republic 3.10 Estonia 3.11 Finland 3.12 Germany 3.13 Georgia 3.14 Greece 3.15 Ireland 3.16 Latvia 3.17 Lithuania 3.18 Republic of Macedonia 3.19 Moldova 3.20 Poland 3.21 Serbia 3.22 Slovakia 3.23 Ukraine 3.24 United Kingdom (and Associated Territories) 4 North America 4.1 Canada 4.1.1 Secessionist 4.1.2 Autonomist 4.2 Haiti 4.3 Mexico 4.3.1 Secessionist 4.4 Nicaragua 4.5 Panama 4.6 United States 4.6.1 Puerto Rico 5 South & Central America and Caribbean 5.1 Antigua and Barbuda 5.2 Belize 5.3 Bahamas 5.4 Brazil 5.5 British West Indies 5.6 Dominica 5.7 Guyana 5.8 Jamaica 5.9 Peru 5.10 Spanish America 5.11 Trinidad and Tobago 6 Oceania 6.1 Australia 6.2 Fiji 6.3 Papua New Guinea 6.4 Samoa 6.5 Solomon Islands 6.6 Vanuatu 7 References 8 See also

[edit] Africa

[edit] Algeria

(gained independence from France on July 5, 1962)

• Political party: Algerian National Movement (MNA)
• Rebel organization: Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)
• Parallel government: Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA)

[edit] Angola

• Political party: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA)
• Parallel government: Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile (GRAE)

[edit] Botswana

• Political party: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Botswana People's Party (BPP)

[edit] Burundi

• Political party: Union for National Progress (UPRONA)

[edit] Cameroon

• Political party: Rassemblement camerounais (RACAM), Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (UPC)
• Rebel organizations: National Liberation Army of Kamerun (ALNK)

[edit] Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau

• Political party: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea (FLING)

[edit] Central African Republic

• Political party: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MÉSAN)

[edit] Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Political party: Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), ABAKO

[edit] Côte d'Ivoire

• Rebel organization: Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire (MPCI)

[edit] Egypt

• Political party: Wafd Party

[edit] Eritrea

• Rebel organization: Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF)

[edit] Ghana

• Political party: Convention People's Party (CPP), United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
• Self-government experiment: Fante Confederation

[edit] Katanga

• Political party: Confederation of the Tribal Associations of Katanga (CONAKAT)

[edit] Kenya

• Political party: East Africa Association, Kenya African National Union (KANU), Kikuyu Central Association, Young Kikuyu Association
• Rebel organization: Mau Mau

[edit] Mali

• Political party: Sudanese Union (US)

[edit] Mauritius

• Political party: Mauritius Labour Party (MLP), Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM)

[edit] Morocco

• Political party: Istiqlal Party, National Action Bloc
• Secessionist entity: Rif Republic

[edit] Mozambique

• Political party: Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO)

[edit] Namibia

• Political party: South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), South West Africa National Union (SWANU)
• Rebel organizations: People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN)

[edit] Niger

• Political party: Nigerien Progressive Party, Sawaba Party

[edit] Nigeria

• Political party: Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP), National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), Action Group, Egbe Omo Oduduwa, Northern People's Congress
• Secessionist entity: Republic of Biafra

[edit] São Tomé and Príncipe

• Political party: Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (CLSTP), Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP)

[edit] Seychelles

• Political party: Seychelles Democratic Party (SDP), Seychelles People's United Party (SPUP)

[edit] Sierra Leone

• Political party: Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), West African Youth League (WAYL)

[edit] Somalia

• Political party: Somali Youth League (SYL)

[edit] Sudan

• Political party: Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), Sudanese Communist Party, Umma Party

[edit] Tanganyika

• Political party: Tanganyika African Association, Tanganyika African National Union

[edit] Tunisia

• Political party: Destour Party, Young Tunisians, Neo-Destour Party (ND)

[edit] Uganda

• Political party: Rwenzururu Secessionist Movement, Uganda People's Congress (UPC)

[edit] Zambia

• Political party: Northern Rhodesian African National Congress, United National Independence Party (UNIP), Zambian African National Congress (ZANC)

[edit] Zanzibar

• Political party: Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP)

[edit] Zimbabwe

• Political party: Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)
• Rebel organizations: Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA)

[edit] Asia

[edit] Bangladesh

• Political party: Bangladesh Awami League
• Rebel organization: Mukti Bahini
  • Status: Resulted in independence of Bangladesh in 1971.

• Chakma, Chittagong Hill Tracts
  • Political party: Parbattya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti, or Chittagong Hill Tribal People's Coordination Association
  • Proposed state: Confederacy of Chittagong
  • Status: Inactive following the 1996 peace treaty between the Government of Bangladesh and the tribal leaders.

• Hindu people, south-western Bangladesh
  • Political party: Swadhin Bangabhumi Andolan
  • Proposed State: Bangabhumi

[edit] Burma

• Political party: Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, Dobama Asiayone, Communist Party of Burma
• Rebel organization: Burma Independence Army

[edit] Cambodia

• Khmer Issarak
• Khmer Serei

[edit] India

• Political party: All India Forward Bloc, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India, Swaraj Party, Ghadar Party
• Parallel government: Provisional Government of Free India
• Rebel organization: Indian National Army

[edit] Indonesia

• Political party: Communist Party of Indonesia, Nationalist Party of Indonesia
• Rebel organization: Free Aceh Movement
• Secessionist entity: Republic of West Papua

[edit] Kazakhstan

• Alash Orda

[edit] Korea

• Protest movement: March 1st Movement
• Parallel government: Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

[edit] Laos

• Rebel organization: Lao Issara, Pathet Lao

[edit] Malaysia

• Political party: Alliance Party(United Malays National Organisation, Malayan Chinese Association & Malayan Indian Congress)

[edit] Maldives

• Suvadives
  • Proposed state: United Suvadiva Republic

[edit] Mongolia

• Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

[edit] North Korea

• Political party: Workers' Party of Korea

[edit] Oman

• Rebel organizations: Dhofar Liberation Front (DLF), Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf/Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arab Gulf (PFLOAG)

[edit] Pakistan

• Political party: Muslim League

[edit] Philippines

• Political party: Nacionalista Party
• Society: Katipunan, La Liga Filipina
• Secessionist entities: Katagalugan, First Philippine Republic, Cantonal Republic of Negros

[edit] Singapore

• Political party: Labour Front, People's Action Party

[edit] Sri Lanka

• Political party: Sinhala Maha Sabha, United National Party

[edit] Syria

• National Bloc

[edit] Vietnam

• Duy Tân Hội
• Indochinese Communist Party
• National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
• Việt Minh
• Việt Nam Cách Mệnh Đồng Minh Hội
• Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
• Việt Nam Quốc Dân Dảng

[edit] Yemen

• Rebel organization: Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen, National Liberation Front of South Yemen

[edit] Europe

[edit] Albania

• League of Prizren

[edit] Armenia

• Political party: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, Ramgavar Party, Pan-Armenian National Movement
• Rebel organization: Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

[edit] Azerbaijan

• Political party: Musavat, Azerbaijan Popular Front Party

[edit] Belarus

• Political party: Belarusian People's Front

[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Political party: Party of Democratic Action
• Bosnian Croats
  • Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union 1990
  • Proposed state: Herceg-Bosna or part of Croatia

[edit] Bulgaria

• Political party: Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee, Internal Revolutionary Organisation

[edit] Croatia

• Political party: Croatian Democratic Union, Croatian Party of Rights, Croatian Peasant Party
• Croatian Spring

[edit] Cyprus

• Rebel organizations: EOKA, Turkish Resistance Organization

[edit] Czech Republic

• Political party: Young Czech Party, Czech National Social Party

[edit] Estonia

• Popular Front of Estonia

[edit] Finland

• Political movement: Fennoman
• Political party: Finnish Party, Young Finnish Party
• Political movement: Åland movement

[edit] Germany

• Short-lived Republic: Rhenish Republic
• Lower Saxony
• Alemannic Separatism

[edit] Georgia

• Ajaria
• Azeris
  • Proposed autonomous region: Borchalo autonomy
• Political Party: Mingrelian Nationalist Party
  • Proposed independent state: Mingrelia

[edit] Greece

• Society: Filiki Eteria

[edit] Ireland

(See also under UK, for pre-division Ireland)

• Home Rule League
• Irish National League
• Irish Parliamentary Party
• Irish Republican Brotherhood
• Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
• Sinn Féin
• Society of United Irishmen
• United Irish League
• Young Ireland

[edit] Latvia

• Political party: Popular Front of Latvia, Latvian National Independence Movement

[edit] Lithuania

• Sąjūdis

[edit] Republic of Macedonia

• Political party: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation

[edit] Moldova

• Moldovan Popular Front

[edit] Poland

• Narodowa Demokracja
• Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie (Polish Democratic Society)

[edit] Serbia

• Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
• Rebel organization: Kosovo Liberation Army (became Kosovo Protection Corps)

[edit] Slovakia

• Political party: Slovak National Party

[edit] Ukraine

• People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh)
• Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
• Ukrainian Insurgent Army

[edit] United Kingdom (and Associated Territories)

• Cornwall: - Cornish National Party, New Cornish Tertia army, An Gof
• Ireland (including pre-split Northern Ireland): Irish Republican Brotherhood, Clan na Gael, Young Ireland, Home Rule League, Irish Socialist Republican Party, Irish Parliamentary Party, All-for-Ireland League, Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland), Irish Independence Party
• Isle of Man: Fo Halloo, Manx National Party
• Scotland: Scottish Labour Party (1976), National Party of Scotland (not to be confused with SNP), Scottish Party, Settler Watch, Scottish Workers Republican Party, Orkney and Shetland Movement, Scottish Socialist Party (1987), Kirk Party, Labour Party of Scotland, Scottish Labour Party (1888), Scotland Forward, Scottish Socialist Alliance, Workers Party of Scotland, Scottish Workers Republican Party
• Wales: Plaid Cymru; The Party of Wales, Cymru Fydd, Cymru Goch, Welsh Socialist Alliance, Welsh Republican Movement
• Isle of Wight
  • Political party: Vectis National Party

[edit] North America

[edit] Canada

[edit] Secessionist

• Nova Scotia
  • Political: Nova Scotia

• Ontario
  • Political: Ontario Independence League

• Quebec
  • Pressure group: Alliance Laurentienne, Chevaliers de l'Indépendance
  • Political party: Mouvement Souveraineté-Association, Option citoyenne, Parti de la démocratie socialiste, Parti indépendantiste, Parti Nationaliste du Quebec, Parti Patriote, Ralliement National, Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale, Union des forces progressistes, Union Nationale (Johnson era), Union Populaire
  • Rebel organization: Fils de la liberté, Frères Chasseurs, Front de libération du Québec

• Western Canada
  • Political: Unionest Party

[edit] Autonomist

• Acadia
  • Political party: Parti Acadien

• Cape Breton Island
  • Political party: Cape Breton Labour Party

• the Maritimes
  • Political party: the Maritimes

• Ontario
  • Political party: Northern Ontario Heritage Party

[edit] Haiti

• Cacos (anti-US occupation)

[edit] Mexico

[edit] Secessionist

• California Republic
• Chan Santa Cruz
• Republic of the Rio Grande
• Republic of Texas
• Republic of Yucatán

[edit] Nicaragua

• Ejército Defensor de la Soberanía Nacional (anti-US occupation)

[edit] Panama

• Kuna Revolution (Republic of Tule)

[edit] United States

• Thirteen United States,

Republic of Texas,

Confederate States of America

Sons of Liberty

• Political party:

New England's Secession Conventions of 1803, 1808, 1814, and 1843

[edit] Puerto Rico

• • Autonomist Party

Popular Democratic Party (PPD)

• • Anti-Colonial National Liberation Movement

Puerto Rican Independence Movement

Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (PIP)

[edit] South & Central America and Caribbean

[edit] Antigua and Barbuda

• Political party: Antigua Labour Party

[edit] Belize

• Political party: People's United Party

[edit] Bahamas

• Abaco (defunct)
• Progressive Liberal Party (PLP)

[edit] Brazil

• Southern Region
  • Political party: Movimento da Republica Rio-Grandense ([1])
  • Proposed state: Republica Rio-Grandense

[edit] British West Indies

• Political party: Caribbean League, Representative Government Associations

[edit] Dominica

• Political party: Dominica Labour Party

[edit] Guyana

• Political party: People's Progressive Party
• Political party: People's National Congress

[edit] Jamaica

• Political party: Jamaican Labour Party, People's National Party

[edit] Peru

• Political party: Liga Loretana

[edit] Spanish America

• Logia Lautaro

[edit] Trinidad and Tobago

• Political party: People's National Movement

[edit] Oceania

[edit] Australia

• Western Australia (Main article: Secessionism in Western Australia)

[edit] Fiji

• Political party: Fijian Alliance

[edit] Papua New Guinea

• Political party: Papua Besena

[edit] Samoa

• Protest movement: Mau movement

[edit] Solomon Islands

• Protest movement: Maasina Ruru

[edit] Vanuatu

• Political party: Nagriamel, New Hebrides Cultural Association, New Hebrides National Party, Vanua'aku Party
• Religious movement: John Frum
• Parallel government: People's Provisional Government (PPG)

[edit] References

This article does not cite any references or sources. (May 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

[edit] See also

• List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
• Decolonization