List of Ottoman sieges and landings
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|---|---|---|
| Sipahi - Akinci - Timariot - Janissary - Nizam-ı Cedid |
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| Navy - Air Force | ||
| Conflicts: | Europe - Russian - Serbian - Near East - Sieges and Landings | |
| See also: | Reform - Naval treaties - Kaptan Pashas | |
The following is an List of Ottoman sieges and landings from the 14th century to World War I.
Contents |
[edit] Rise (1299–1453)
|
Military &
Political History |
|
|---|---|---|
| Rise of the Ottoman Empire | ||
| Time Span | 154 years | |
| # Sultans | 8 | |
| Soc-Econ | Enlargement | |
| See also |
|
|
| Event | Date | Result |
| Conquest of İmralı Island and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara | 1308 | |
| Conquest of Mudanya by the Ottoman Turks and the first Turkish landings in Thrace, southeastern Europe | 1321 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf of Gemlik on the Sea of Marmara by the Ottoman Turks | 1333 | |
| Naval victories of Umur Bey against the Byzantine and Genoese fleets off the Aegean coasts of Anatolia, Rhodes, the Dardanelles Strait, Macedonia and Morea | 1334-1348 | |
| Conquest of Üsküdar Scutari/Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, the Marmara Island, Thrace and Gallipoli | 1352 | |
| First Turkish landings in Attika, Morea and the Adriatic Sea | 1372 | |
| First conquests and acquisitions in Macedonia | 1373 | |
| Conquest of Thessaloniki and Macedonia | 1387 | |
| Conquest of northern Bulgaria, southern Romania and most of the Balkan peninsula | 1389 | |
| First Turkish siege of Constantinople | 1390 | |
| Landings at Chios, Euboea, Attika, Morea | 1390 1391 | |
| Conquest of northern Albania and southern Montenegro | 1392 | |
| Landings at Morea | 1394 | |
| Second Turkish siege of Constantinople | 1395 | |
| Conquest of Albania | 1396 | |
| Conquest of several coastal settlements on the Aegean coasts of Greece and of several Turkish beyliks principalities) on the Black Sea coasts of Anatolia | 1397 | |
| Third Turkish siege of Constantinople | 1397 | |
| Landings at Thessaly, Morea, Albania and Epirus | 1397 1399 | |
| Fourth Turkish siege of Constantinople | 1400 | |
| Conquest of several islands in the Aegean Sea | 1415 1416 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port of Samsun in the Black Sea | 1417 | |
| Fifth Turkish siege of Constantinople | 1422 | |
| Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea | 1423 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War | 1423 1430 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port of Sinop in the Black Sea | 1424 | |
| Conquest of İzmir from the Turkish beylik of that city | 1426 | |
| Reconquest of Thessaloniki | 1430 | |
| Capture of Morea | 1446 | |
| Reconquest of Albania | 1448 1450 | |
| Conquest of Constantinople (İstanbul), Imvros Gökçeada, Lemnos, Thasos | 1453 |
[edit] Growth (1453–1683)
|
Military &
Political History |
|
|---|---|---|
| Growth of the Ottoman Empire | ||
| Time Span | 230 years | |
| # Sultans | 11 | |
| Soc-Econ | Enlargement | |
| See also |
|
|
| Event | Date | Result |
| Landings at the Dodecanese Islands | 1454 | |
| Conquest of Morea and the Duchy of Athens | 1458 1460 | |
| Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and the Genoese colony of Amasra | 1461 | |
| Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos | 1462 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War | 1463 1479 | |
| Conquest of castles and forts in Albania | 1466 | |
| Conquest of Euboea | 1470 | |
| Conquest of Crimea | 1475 | |
| Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania | 1477 1478 | |
| Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy | 1477 1478 | |
| First siege and capture of Otranto | 1480 | |
| First siege of Rhodes | 1480 1481 | |
| Capture of Malaga in Spain | 1487 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa | 1487 1490 | |
| Landings at Elche, Almeria, Malaga | 1490 1495 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto | 1496 | |
| Final complete reconquest of Albania | 1497 | |
| Conquest of Montenegro | 1499 | |
| Turkish-Venetian Wars | 1499 1503 | |
| Battle of Zonchio | 1499 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1500 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Pianosa | 1501 | |
| Capture of several towns in Sardinia | 1501 | |
| Landings at Piombino | 1501 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia | 1501 | |
| Reconquest of Morea | 1503 | |
| Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia | 1505 | |
| Landings at Sicily | 1506 | |
| Landings at Liguria | 1508 1509 | |
| Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily | 1510 | |
| Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers | 1510 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria | 1511 | |
| Conquest of Moldavia | 1512 | |
| Landings at Andalusia and Minorca | 1512 | |
| Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell | 1513 1514 | |
| Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia | 1514 | |
| Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily | 1514 | |
| Conquest of Syria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Algeria from Spain | 1516 1517 | |
| Landings at Elba and Liguria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire | 1517 | |
| Landings at Capo Limiti, Capo Rizzuto, Calabria | 1517 | |
| Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France | 1519 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands | 1521 | |
| Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta | 1522 | |
| Landings at Sardinia | 1525 | |
| Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily | 1526 | |
| Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania | 1526 | |
| Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia | 1527 | |
| Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns | 1527 | |
| Turkish-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Peñón | 1529 | |
| Landings at Andalusia | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Cabrera | 1530 | |
| Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino | 1530 | |
| Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain | 1531 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria | 1532 | |
| First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea | 1534 | |
| Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis | 1534 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples | 1534 | |
| Recapture of Capri | 1535 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Tlemcen | 1535 | |
| Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos | 1537 | |
| Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento | 1537 | |
| Landings at Calabria and Corfu | 1537 | |
| Battle of Preveza | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia | 1538 1539 | |
| Capture of Diu in India | 1538 | |
| Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete | 1538 | |
| Turkish-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean | 1538 1566 | |
| Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos | 1539 | |
| Reconquest of Castelnuovo | 1539 1540 | |
| Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete | 1539 | |
| Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia | 1540 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain | 1540 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers | 1541 | |
| Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie | 1543 | |
| Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome | 1543 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples | 1544 | |
| Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida | 1544 | |
| Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari | 1544 | |
| Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto | 1545 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia | 1545 | |
| Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta | 1546 | |
| Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare | 1546 | |
| Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese | 1547 1548 | |
| Recapture of Gozo in Malta | 1547 | |
| Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica | 1547 | |
| Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples | 1548 | |
| Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria | 1549 | |
| Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria | 1550 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba | 1550 | |
| Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta | 1551 | |
| Recapture of Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria | 1551 | |
| Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily, both islands of Malta | 1551 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza | 1552 | |
| Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese | 1552 | |
| Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola | 1552 | |
| Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio | 1552 | |
| Conquest of Morocco | 1553 | |
| Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba; Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi in Corsica; recapture of Pianosa and Capri | 1553 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio | 1553 | |
| Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica | 1554 | |
| Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany | 1554 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino | 1555 | |
| Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria | 1555 | |
| Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria | 1555 | |
| Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia | 1556 | |
| Landings at Lampedusa | 1556 | |
| Capture of Cariati in Calabria | 1557 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia | 1557 | |
| Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca | 1558 | |
| Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain | 1558 | |
| Battle of Djerba | 1560 | |
| Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples | 1561 | |
| Siege of Oran | 1562 | |
| Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia | 1563 | |
| Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta | 1563 | |
| Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression | 1565 | |
| Capture of Fort St. Elmo and the Bastion of Castiglia on Fort St. Michael in Malta | 1565 | |
| Siege of Malta | 1565 | |
| Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean | 1566 | |
| Landings at Puglia | 1566 | |
| First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Battle of Gozo | 1570 | |
| Conquest of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice | 1570 1571 | |
| Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice | 1571 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1571 | |
| Battle of Lepanto | 1571 | |
| Landings at Puglia and Corfu | 1573 | |
| Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain | 1574 | |
| Landings at Morocco | 1574 | |
| Landings at Calabria | 1576 | |
| Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco | 1578 | |
| Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine | 1584 | |
| Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean | 1585 | |
| Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant | 1609 | |
| Landings at Malta and southern Morea | 1614 | |
| Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon | 1616 | |
| Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean | 1617 | |
| Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August | 1625 | |
| Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland | 1627 | |
| Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia | 1627 1660 | |
| Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland | 1627 | |
| Capture of Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland | 1631 | |
| Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland | 1631 | |
| Reconquest of Azov from the Russians | 1642 | |
| Conquest of Chania in Crete | 1645 | |
| Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete | 1646 | |
| First siege and conquest of Heraklion (Candia) in Crete | 1648 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War | 1648 1669 | |
| Second siege of Heraklion (Candia) in Crete | 1649 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War | 1654 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Lundy in the Bristol Channel with a force of 40 ships. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years | 1655 | |
| Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark | 1655 1660 | |
| Third siege of Heraklion (Candia) in Crete | 1666 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War | 1668 | |
| Fourth siege and final reconquest of Heraklion (Candia) in Crete, conquest of Crete completed | 1669 | |
| Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River | 1679 |
[edit] Stagnation (1699–1827)
|
Military &
Political History |
|
|---|---|---|
| Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire | ||
| Time Span | 133 years | |
| # Sultans | 11 | |
| Soc-Econ | ||
| See also |
|
|
| Event | Date | Result |
| Turkish-Venetian War and the reconquest of Chios | 1695 | |
| Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria | 1708 | |
| Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians | 1711 | |
| Reconquest of Morea | 1714 1715 | |
| Turkish-Venetian War and the reconquest of Souda in Crete and the Cyclades | 1715 | |
| Turkish-Russian War | 1738 | |
| Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea | 1769 | |
| Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos | 1770 | |
| Battle of Chesme | 1770 | |
| Defeat of the Russian fleet near Yılan Island | 1787 | |
| Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Turkish fleet | 1799 | Creation of Septinsular Republic |
| Reconquest of Egypt | 1801 | |
| Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia | 1812 1813 | |
| Battle of Navarino | 1827 | |
| Defeat of the Russian forces in the Crimean War, assisted by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia | 1854 1856 | |
| Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River | 1857 | |
| Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkoder | 1862 |
[edit] Dissolution (1908–1922)
|
Military &
Political History |
|
|---|---|---|
| Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire | ||
| Time Span | 14 years | |
| # Sultans | 2 | |
| Soc-Econ | Reformation | |
| See also |
|
|
| Event | Date | Result |
| Battle of Gallipoli | 1915 |
[edit] See also
- Barbary pirates
- Ottoman wars in Europe
- History of the Turkish Navy
- List of naval battles
- Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
[edit] References and sources
- The Ottomans: Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history in English.
- Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history in Turkish.
- Tarih Bilgi Bankası: Online history database in Turkish.
- Tarihte Bugün: Online history database in Turkish.
- E. Hamilton Currey, Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910
- Bono, Salvatore: Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
- Corsari nel Mediterraneo: Condottieri di ventura. Online database in Italian, based on Salvatore Bono's book.
- Turkish Navy official website: Historic heritage of the Turkish Navy (in Turkish)
- Turkish Navy official website: Turkish seamen in the Atlantic Ocean (in Turkish)
- Bradford, Ernle, The Sultan's Admiral: The life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
- Wolf, John B., The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979; ISBN 0-393-01205-0
