Kadapa

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?Kadapa Andhra Pradesh • India
Kadapa
Coordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.47, 78.82
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 138 m (453 ft)
District(s)	Cuddapah
Population	125,725 (2001)
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 516001 • +91-8562 • AP04
Website: www.kadapa.info

Coordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.47, 78.82 Kadapa (Telugu: కడప, Hindi: कडप्पा), formerly Cuddapah, is a city in Andhra Pradesh, India, the headquarters of Kadapa District.

Location: South-Central Part Of Andhra Pradesh

Contents 1 Name 2 About Kadapa 3 History 4 Geography 5 Demographics 6 Prime Attractions 7 Landmarks 8 Excursions 9 Fairs 10 Reaching Kadapa 11 General Information 12 Nearby towns and cities 13 Mandals of Kadapa district 14 Literary connections 15 Urdu literature in Kadapa 16 Education 17 Agriculture and industries 18 Notable citizens 19 References 20 External links

[edit] Name

The city's name originated from the Telugu word "Gadapa" meaning 'Threshold' or 'Gate'. It was previously spelt "Cuddapah" but was changed to "Kadapa" effectively from 19 August 2005 to reflect the local pronunciation of the name.^[1]

[edit] About Kadapa

Kadapa is the headquarters of Rayalaseema region, AP. Kadapa (formely spelt Cuddapah) city is situated in the south-central part of the Andhra Pradesh State. Located 8 km south of the Penna River, the city is surrounded on three sides by the Nallamala and Palakonda hills. The name 'Kadapa' is derived from the Telugu word 'Gadapa' ("threshold"). The city is named "Threshold" because it is the gateway from the north to the sacred hill-'Pagoda' of Shri Venkateshvara (also spelt as Venkateswara) of Tirupati.

Kishkindakanda, one of the 7 kandas of the Ramayanam is believed to have happened in Vontimitta, Kadapa. Vontimitta is 20Km from the city.

Also the Ajaneya swamy Gandi, reminds the Ramayanam. It is believed that Anjaneya swamy vigraham in Gandi is made by Sri Rama on a hill stone with his arrow's point as the thanks to Anjaneya for helping him in finding Sri Sita Devi.

Cuddapah is in shape of irregular parallelogram, divided into two nearly equal parts by the range of the Eastern ghats, which intersect it throughout its entire length. The city lies sprawling along the "Bugga" or "Ralla Vanka" in a hollow bordered on the south by the main Palakondas (part of eastern ghats) and on the east by a strip of the same hills projecting north towards the Lankamalas on the other side of the Penneru. The two tracts thus formed possess totally different features. The first, a low-lying plain (about 400 ft (120 m) to 450 ft (137 m) above the sea level) occupied by the city which constitutes the north, east and south-east of the city, while the other, which comprises the southern and south-western portion, forms a high table-land from 1500 to 2,500 ft (760 m). above sea-level.

The primary languages spoken in the city are Telugu and Urdu (because of its large Muslim population). English is spoken and used as a medium of education in many of its educational institutions. The city and the district of Kadapa was notorious for factional inter and intra political rivalries. However, things seem to have improved in the recent past. The city has a large non resident citizens spread across the nation and globe. The less educated from the city and district have traditionally headed to Persian gulf countries such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for employment.

[edit] History

Kadapa city was a part of the Chola Empire and Kakatiya empire from the 11th to 14th century. It became part of Vijayanagar empire in the latter part of 14th century. The region was under the control of Gandikota Nayaks, governors of Vijayanagar for two centuries. The most illustrious ruler was Pemmasani Thimma Nayudu (1422 CE) who developed the region and constructed many tanks and temples. Muslims of Golkonda conquered the region in 1565 CE when Mir Jumla raided Gandikota fort and defeated Chinna Thimma Nayudu. Later the British took control of Kadapa in 1800 CE. Although the town is an ancient one, it was probably extended by Neknam Khan, the Qutb Shahi commander, who called the extension "Neknamabad".^[2] The name "Neknamabad" was used for the town for some time but slowly fell into disuse and the records of the 18th century refer to the rulers not as Nawabs of Nekanamabad but nawabs of Kadapa. Except for some years in the beginning, Kadapa was the seat of the Mayana Nawabs in the 18th century. With the British occupation of the tract in 1800 CE it became the headquarters of one of the four subordinate collectors under the principal collector by name Major Munro. Relics of the rule of the Kadapa Nawabs are found in the town. Most prominent among these are two towers and the dargahs. Astahana of MaghdoomuIlahi, Shahmiria are the big shrines in the region of Rayalaseema. The town also has three churches and numerous temples.

One of the most interesting antiquities in the district is the ancient fort of Gurramkonda. The fort stands on a hill 500 ft (150 m). high, three sides of which consist of almost perpendicular precipices. According to a local legend the name Gurramkonda, meaning "horse hill," was derived from the fact that a horse was supposed to be guardian of the fort and that the place was impregnable so long as the horse remained there. The story goes that a Maratha chief at length succeeded in scaling the precipice and in carrying off the horse, and although the thief was captured before reaching the base of the hill, the spell was broken and the fort, when next attacked, fell.

Kadapa people are very nice and they speak with heart and they are very strait forward. Because of this strait forwardness, most of the Non Rayalaseema region people think that kadapa people are harsh.

[edit] Geography

Cuddapah is located at 14.47° N 78.82° E.^[3] It has an average elevation of 138 metres (452 feet). The District Of Cuddapah has an area of 8723 sq. m. It is in shape an irregular parallelogram, divided into two nearly equal parts by the range of the Eastern Ghats, which intersects it throughout its entire length. The two tracts thus formed possess totally different features. The first, which constitutes the north, east and south-east of the district, is a low-lying plain; while the other, which comprises the southern and southwestern portion, forms a high table-land from 1500 to 2,500 ft (760 m). above sea-level. The chief river is the Pennar, which enters the district from Bellary on the west, and flows eastwards into Nellore. Though a large and broad river, and in the rains containing a great volume of water, in the hot weather months it dwindles down to an inconsiderable stream. Its principal tributaries are the Kundaur, Saglair, Cheyair and Papagni rivers.

[edit] Demographics

The population of the district in 1901 was 1,291,267. As of 2001 India census,^[4] Kadapa had a population of 3,25,725. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Cuddapah has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76% and, female literacy is 64%. In kadapa, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

[edit] Prime Attractions

Ankalamma Gudur This is the place where Ankalamma swamy temple is located. It is a great holy place for the devotees all over the district. The temple lies on the Pulivenlda - Simhadripuram main road 14 km from Pulivendla. The Ankalamma Tirunala will take place every year. Ankalamma devotees visit the temple every Thursday and Sunday on big numbers.

Pushpa Giri temple located on the banks of river pennar is the oldest one located near to kadapa town.

Alladu Palle Sri Veera Bhadra swamy temple at Alladupalle in chapadu mandal is a great holy place for the devotees all over the district. the temple lies on the mydukur- proddatur main road 6 km from mydukur on the banks of kundu river. The tirunala will take place every year on mahashiva raatri. Devotees visit the temple everyday on big numbers.

Ontimitta This is the place where the Kishkindakanda, one of the 18 parvas of Ramayanam happened. Kodanda Rama Swami temple is there. French traveler Tavernier described it as one of the most beautiful temples in India. The Sanctum Sanctorum and annex structures were built in a vast area. The temple is very high. The canopy is built with 32 pillars. It is called Madhya Ranga Mandapam. Tavernier visited this place in 1652 A.D. and he was astonished at the freedom the people there enjoyed. The archaeological department is renovating it.

Gandikota Or The Gorge Fort It is situated about 6 miles (10 km) to the west of Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district. The width within the fort is at its broadest, about five and a half furlongs from west to east and almost a mile from northwest to southeast.

Devuni Kadapa This is the place near Kadapa city , where people believe that before setting up a journey to holy place of Sri Venkateswarlu i.e "Seven Hills, they should come visit this place and set course the journey. Even people say that the name of the Kadapa is derived from this place as Devuni GADAPA means door frame.

Bramham Gaari Matham This is the birthplace of the writer of the future who had foreseen a large number of happenings in the present day. He foresaw these during the 14th century and had been a victim of nawab's wrath. Sri Veerabramhendra Swamy is very famous all over Andhra Pradesh that he could be considered as a contemporary of Nostradamus.^[5]

Joukupalli This is the place where siddaguru swamy ( Disciple of Bramham garu) temple is located nearby just 0.25 kilometers. One of the prominent place in andhra pradesh, where one can see advanced culture and the inherent beauty of our great Indian ethics.

Vempalli Gandi This is the place where God Sri Rama on his way to Ayodya from Lanka stayed for one night to take rest. For conveying thanks to Sri Hanuman for his help in getting Sri Sita devi, God Sri Rama made Hanuman statue on a hill stone with the point of his arrow. which you can still see here.

Tallapaka Tallapaka is a village in Rajampet mandal of Kadapa district. The village has the distinction of being the birthplace of Saint Annamacharya the famous lyricist/composer of devotional songs on Lord Venkateswara who made invaluable contribution to music and literature during the 15th century. Several temples are there in Tallapaka. Dhyana Mandiram was constructed in memory great Saint Tallapaka Annamacharya, at Tallapaka.^[6]

Yellala Sanjeevaraya Swamy Temple Currently known as Vellala. This is the place near to proddatur around 20 km from there and other way is from Chagalamarri,Karnool District one can reach same distance. Sanjeevaraya Swamy called Anjaneya or Hanuman. Its is one of the well developed and famous temple in Kadapa District.

St. Mary's Cathedral, Mariapuram St. Mary's Cathedral (built in 1934 and set in Gothic style) in Kadapa is the seat of the Bishop of Cuddapah. The present Bishop of Kadapa is the Most Reverend Dr. G. Prasad.

[edit] Landmarks

The important landmarks of the place include:

1. 7 Roads Junction
2. N.T.R. Circle
3. Rajiv Marg
4. Koti Reddy Circle
5. Municipal Grounds
6. Z.P. Office
7. I.T.I Circle

There are three popular bus stands: New R.T.C. Bus stand, Old R.T.C. Bus stand and Chennur Bus stop.

[edit] Excursions

Pushpagiri A place very close to Kadapa, where there are few temples that attract tourists. The largest and the best known of them is the Chennakesava Temple, which has a lofty gopuram, sculptures depicting scenes from the epics, floral motifs and elaborately engraved pillars.

Jyothi The sculptured mandapam with 32 pillars, the inner chamber and the sanctum make it a most impressive temple.

Gandi This is one of the famous temple in Kadapa which is 7 km from vempalli in pulivendula taluka. Here Sri Anjaneya swamy statue was established long back. People believe that Anjaneya swamy statue is made with god rama's arrow by himself on his way back to ayodhya(rama's kingdom). There is a belief that only holy people can see the golden welcome rope between two hills in Gandi.

[edit] Fairs

KADAPOTSAVA This is one of the biggest celebrations in Kadapa. This is started mainly to remove the bad opinion on Kadapa that it is a faction district which is being populared unnecessarily by the cinemas and media and to show the culture and traditions of Kadapa. It is started in the year 2003. The celebrations are for 5 days continuously in which people take part continuously. Celebrities will be coming from all over the India at that time. During Kadpostavas there are cultural activities and various entertainment programs going on various important places in Kadapa. There are various stalls on the streets of Kadapa with thousands of people there. Some many thousands of people come to Kadapa during Kadapostavas. These celebrations are focussed mainly in the media during Kadapostavalu.

Gangamma Jatra, an annual Jatra of the Shrine of Gangamma is an important event in Anantapuram and Kadapa districts. This is a one of the famous and religious Jatara in Kadapa.

[edit] Reaching Kadapa

Kadapa has a railway station on the Chennai-Tirupati-Pune-Mumbai line. The nearest airports are at Renigunta ,((alamkhan palli))and Chennai.

As a district headquarters, Kadapa is well connected by road to the rest of the state and beyond. The state transport corporation and private operators run buses to all the important tourist places in the town.

[edit] General Information

Area: 15,359 km² Population: Approx. 25.73 Lakhs (from 2001 census) Climate: Tropical Temperature Range: Summer: 30 °C. - 44 °C. (81.56F - 119.6F Approx.) Winter: 21 °C. - 30 °C. (57F - 81.56F Approx.) Rainfall: 695 mm (Seasonal) Clothing: Light Cottons STD Code: 08562

Rivers: Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papaghni, Sagileru, kundhu KC canal(Tungabadhra ) and Cheyeru

[edit] Nearby towns and cities

• Anantapur City, 140 km
• Pushpagiri, 16 km
• Rayachoti, 50 km
• Proddatur, 54 km
• Mydukur, 32 km
• Renigunta, 128 km
• Tirupati, 138 km
• Madanapalle, 120 km

[edit] Mandals of Kadapa district

(In India, "mandals" are third-level administrative areas, below states and districts.)

• Atlur
• Badvel
• B-Kodur
• Bramham Gari Matham
• Chapadu
• Chennuru
• Chinnamandem
• Chitveli
• Duvvuru
• Galiveedu
• Gopavaram
• Jammalamadugu
• Kadapa(Urban)
• Kalasapadu
• Kamalapuram
• Kondapuram
• Lakkireddipalle
• Lingala
• Muddanuru
• Mydukur
• Khajipeta
• Nandalur
• Obulavaripalli
• Peddamudiyum
• Penagaluru
• Pendlimarri
• Porumamilla
• Proddatur
• Pulivendula
• Pullampeta
• Rajampeta
• Railway Koduru
• Rajupalem
• Ramapuram
• Rayachoti
• Sambepalle
• Simhadripuram
• SriAvadhuthaKasinayana
• T-sundupalli
• Vempalle
• Veerapunainipalle
• Veeraballi
• Vemula
• Yerraguntla

[edit] Literary connections

The neighbourhood of Kadapa was the birthplace of several ancient and contemporary poets. The great Annamacharya well known as Annamayya was from Rajampet which is an hour and half away from Kadapa. He wrote over 30,000 songs and slokas on Venkateswara in the 15th century.nachana somana (tudimela dinne near khajipet)"molla ramayanam" famekavaitri molla(gopavaram near badvel),tallapaka thimmakka,(tallapaka)kavi choudappa(hailed in pullur near khajipet), janamanchi sheshadri sarma , Durbhaka rajasekhra sathavadhani,Puttaparty NarayanaCharyulu and Gadiyaram Venkata Sesha Sastry [Proddatur which is 50 km distant from Kadapa.)were the poets of the olden days. The late Rachamallu Ramachandra Reddy, the late Y.C.V. Reddy, the late Sodum Jayaram, Dr. Kethu Viswanadha Reddy, Dadahayat, tavva Obul Reddy , Sannapu Reddy and Viswa prasad are the well known writers of the district. A collection of 47 short stories each one by the writers of kadapa district by name " kadapa katha " released by the chief minister Dr. Y.S.Raja Sekhar Reddy in the sabhabhavan of kadapa collectorate. " kadapa katha " edited by Tavva Obul Reddy and published by A.Rajendra prasad of nandalur kathaanilayam.The stories represents the life of kadapa people. the stories were published earlier in various telugu magazines and daily news papers, in the span of 50 years from 1956 to 2006.

[edit] Urdu literature in Kadapa

Kadapa has been the hub of Urdu literature from hundreds of years. It has produced several great Urdu poets and writers in the past. Urdu language has flourished a lot in kadapa due to the efforts of these Urdu patriots. Dr.Rahi fidayee, Dr.Saagar Jayyadi, Aqeel Jamid, Iqbal Qusro, Mahmood Shahid, Prof Anwarulla Anwar are recognized as Prominent Poets in the Urdu world. Whereas Yousuf Safi is treated as the Shakespere of A.P due to his work in Urdu Stage and Drama.His prominent works include Kal Ki Dhup, Majnu Shah and 1857-Inquilab. Barq Kadapavi an eminent poet, who represented Kadapa internationally for the first time in International Poets Meet. Nowadays, Taabish Rabbani and Shakeel Ahmed Shakeel are carrying the flag of Urdu poetry in Kadapa.

[edit] Education

Schools and Junior Colleges:

• Vivekananda Educational Academy Chittoor, Anantapur, Kadapa etc:

Recently in the Academic year 2006-2007 a new university called Yogi Vemana University has been established at kadapa. It has started efforts at building a new west campus at Idupulapaya

The District at Present has 5 Engineering Colleges they are:
1. Kandula Srinivasa Reddy Memorial College of Engineering, Kadapa(Estd:1978)
2. Kandula Obula Reddy Memorial College of Engineering ,Kadapa.
3. Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampeta(Estd:1998)
4. Madina Engineering College, Kadapa(Estd:1998) (Muslim Minority College)
5. Vagdevi Engineering College, Proddatur
6. Sri Sai Institute of Technology and Sciences,Rayachoti
7. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,Pulivendla
8. G.I.T.S ,Chennur
9. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Putlam palli Kadapa
10. Fatima Institute of Medical Sciences (Medical College - Under Construction),Kadapa.
11. S.V.I.S.T College of Engineering, Kadapa(Estd:2007).

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Source: Zaheer Abbas Shaik

The state government of Andhra Pradesh has completed a multi crore (about Rs.125 crores) health project Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) at Kadapa comprising of a 750-bed super specialty hospital, a medical college (intake of 150 students) and a nursing college for 100 students to cater for the needs and improve the health of the backward, drought-prone area of Rayalaseema Region. The project is located in near the Palakonda hills in a site of 182.25 acres. The hospital is planned with a permanent helipad to airlift patients in emergency to Hyderabad or any other large city.

[edit] Agriculture and industries

Black corson soil lands are 24%, black soil 19%, sandy soil lands 4%, red soil lands 25%. The first variety lands are very fertile. Sand soil lands are not so fertile. ‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river beds. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river Cuddapah-Kurnool (K.C) Canal flows through Cuddapah and Kurnool districts providing water to 40 km² of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galer-Nagari-Sujalasravanthi Canal. The principal crops are millet, rice other food grains, pulse, oilseeds, cotton and indigo. The two last are largely exported. There are several steam factories for pressing cotton, and indigo vats. The district is served by lines of the Madras and the South Indian railways.

This district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the 1983 survey of geological survey of India 30lakh tons of lead, 740lakh tons of barrettes, 27000tons asbestos deposits are there. It is estimated that 700lakh tons of barites deposits might be there in Mangampet. There are clay deposits in Rajampet. This is used to make stone implements. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla, M/s. Coramandal Fertilizers established a cement factory with an annual yield of 10lakh tons. Bharat cement corporation increases its capacity to 10lakh tons. National mineral development corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barieties in Mangampet. Kadapa is also famous for its stone called as "cuddapah stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in the south India. Brahmani Steels will establish a steel factory in Jammalamadugu constituency with an investment of Rs. 25,000 crores and an installed capacity of 10 million tonnes by 2017^[7]

The steel factory would be the biggest in the country and would generate direct employment to 25,000 persons and indirect employment to two lakh persons in the area.

The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is learnt that elephants required for Golconda army were supplied from here. In the northeast part of the district rainfall is high. Red sandalwood is available in plenty. This is the only area in India where red sandalwood is available. A National park is set up in Seshachalam hills for prospecting wild animals. 181 are employed in the only one paper industry in the district and its capital investment is Rs.227lakhs. There are mineral related industries and electrical instruments industries. Zuari Cements, India Cement Ltd, Corus India Ltd are the other industries.

[edit] Notable citizens

Current RBI Governor Y.V.Reddy, Current Election Commission Chairman A.V.S.Reddy CP Brown who served as a dist collector for Kadapa in British rule is well known for his works on telugu literature being a western he strived a lot for his love on telugu language,Now there is a library in memory of CP Brown "Brown grandhalayam" for his works towards telugu literature. Y.S. Rajasekhar Reddy, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. M. V. Mysura Reddy, Present MP Kamalapuram, Former Minister for Home, Revenue Andhra Pradesh. Dr.D.L.Ravindra Reddy, Present MLA, Mydukur, Former minister for Revenue, Electricity and Irrigation. Dr.S.A. Khaleel Basha, Ex- MLA, Cuddapah, Former minister for Minority Welfare. Former Public Accounts Chairman. Syed Ahmed, Public services. Hussain's, Contractors&Public services. Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy, Former Supreme Court Judge, Former National Law Commission Chairman, Former Press Council of India Chairman, Member of the Expert Group appointed by United Nations. Barq Kadapavi an Eminent Poet, Who represented Kadapa Internationally for the first time in International Poets Meet.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• colourful webpages on kadapa information
• Kadapa Website
• Favourite portal of Kadapa District
• District Profile
• Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kadapa

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

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