Joseph Bonanno
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Giuseppe Bonanno | |
 Joe Bonanno in 1964
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| Born | January 18, 1905 Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, Italy |
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| Died | May 12, 2002 (aged 97) Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
Giuseppe "Joe Bananas" Bonanno (January 18, 1905 – May 12, 2002) was a Sicilian-born American Mafioso who became the boss of the Bonanno crime family. He was nicknamed "Joe Bananas," a name he despised because it made him sound crazy.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life and career
Joseph Bonanno was born in Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, Italy, to Salvatore Bonanno and Catarina Bonventre. In 1906 the 26-year-old Salvatore took his young wife and one-year-old son to the United States. He is the godson of mobster Felice Buccellato. They settled in Brooklyn, where Salvatore operated a bar/restaurant. In 1911, Salvatore was summoned back to Castellammare by his brothers because the Bonanno family business was being threatened by a rival family. Salvatore died in Sicily in 1915, followed by his wife, Catarina, who died in 1920, making Joseph an orphan at the age of fifteen. In 1921, Joseph enrolled in a nautical college in Palermo. He is the brother-in-law of Bonnano crime family mob boss Frank Labruzzo and a blood relative of Gaspar DiGregorio, who is also related to marriage to Bonanno by being the brother-in-law to his cousin Stefano Magaddino. Joe was also an in-law to John Morales who served as a underboss to Frank Labruzzo. Future temporary Bonnano crime family mob boss Natale Evola was an usher at Joseph Bonanno's wedding. The following year, the dictator Benito Mussolini rose to power in Italy. Mussolini viewed the Mafia as an unacceptable threat to the exclusive power of the Fascist regime. His ally Cesare Mori, known as the "iron prefect" of Palermo, began a ruthless crackdown against the Mafia. Hundreds of Sicilians – many of whom were not Mafiosi – were arrested, tortured, and executed. Due to these harsh measures, Bonanno and his relative Peter Maggadino joined an anti-fascist student group. As a result of his anti-Mussolini activities, an arrest warrant was issued for Bonanno, forcing him and Maggadino to flee Italy. The men first traveled by freighter to Marseilles, France, then to Paris and finally to Cuba. From Cuba, Bonanno was smuggled to the west coast of Florida by boat. Bonanno eventually returned to his childhood neighborhood in Brooklyn near Roebling Street and Metropolitan Avenue. Bonanno, now nineteen years old, moved into the home of his uncle, Peter Bonventre, a barber. Before long, the youthful Bonanno affiliated himself with the neighborhood Mafiosi, also mainly from Castellammare, and began a life of crime as a bootlegger and illegal lottery operator.
[edit] The Castellammarese War
Almost from the beginning, Bonanno was recognized by his accomplices in Brooklyn as a man with superior organizational skills and quick instincts. He also became known to the leader of Mafia activities in New York: Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria. Masseria became increasingly suspicious of the growing number of Castellammarese in Brooklyn. He sensed they were gradually disassociating themselves from his overall leadership. The Castellammarese faction of the Mafia, headquartered in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, was led by Salvatore Maranzano. He had been sent over by Don Vito Cascio Ferro, the Sicilian mafia leader.
In 1927 violence broke out between the two rival factions that shortly developed into all-out war. This war between Masseria and Maranzano became known as the Castellammarese War. It would continue for more than four years. By 1930, Maranzano’s chief aides were Bonanno, Joe Profaci, Tommy Lucchese and Joseph Magliocco. Tommy Gagliano ran another gang that supported Maranzano. The Buffalo, New York mob boss Stefano Magaddino, another Castellammarese, also supported Maranzano. Maggadino's nephew was Peter Maggadino, a boyhood friend of Bonanno from his student days in Palermo. Masseria had Lucky Luciano, Vito Genovese, Joe Adonis, Carlo Gambino, Albert Anastasia and Frank Costello on his side.
However, a third, secret faction soon emerged, comprised of younger mafiosi on both sides disgusted with Masseria and Maranzano's old-world ways. This group of "Young Turk" mafiosi was led by Luciano and included Costello, Genovese, Adonis, Gambino and Anastasia on the Masseria side and Profaci, Gagliano, Lucchese, Magliocco and Magaddino on the Maranzano side. Although Bonanno was more steeped in the old-school traditions of "honor," "tradition," "respect" and "dignity" than others of his generation, he saw the need to modernize and joined forces with the Young Turks.
By 1931 momentum had shifted to Maranzano and the Castellammarese faction. They were better organized and more unified than Masseria’s men, some of whom began to defect. Luciano and Genovese urged Masseria to make peace with Maranzano, but Masseria stubbornly refused. In the end, Luciano and Genovese concluded a secret deal with Maranzano. In return for safety and status in Maranzano's new organization, Luciano and Genovese murdered Masseria and ended the Castellammarese War.
[edit] Mob Reorganization
After Masseria's death, Maranzano outlined a peace plan to all the Sicilian and Italian gang leaders in the United States. Under this plan there would be 24 gangs (to be known as “families”) throughout the United States who would elect their own boss. In New York City, five Mafia families were established, headed by Luciano, Profaci, Vincent Mangano and Maranzano respectively. At the head of the whole organization would be the capo di tutti capi, (the boss of bosses), namely Maranzano. This final article of the plan did not please many of the gangsters, especially Luciano. As a consequence, Luciano arranged Maranzano's murder. In place of the capo di tutti capi in Marazano's plan, Luciano established a national commission in which each of the families would be represented by their boss. Each family would be largely autonomous in their designated area, but the Commission would arbitrate disputes between gangs. The purpose of this organization was to prevent another bloodletting like the Castellammarese War.
Bonanno was awarded most of Maranzano's crime family. At age 26, Bonanno became one of the youngest-ever bosses of a crime family. The establishment of the Commission ushered in more than twenty years of relative "peace" to the New York and national organized crime scene.
[edit] Control of the family
The Bonanno crime family's underbosses were Frank Garofalo and John Bonventre. Although the Bonanno family was smaller than the other New York families, it was operated more efficiently. Since there was virtually no internal dissension and little harassment from other gangs or the law, the Bonanno family prospered in the running of its loan sharking, bookmaking, numbers running, prostitution, and other illegal activities. In 1938, Bonanno left the country, then re-entered legally at Detroit so that he could apply for citizenship.
Bonanno's large cash position gleaned from crime allowed him to make many profitable real estate investments during the Great Depression. His legitimate business interests included areas as diverse as the garment industry, cheese factories and funeral homes. By the time Bonanno became a US citizen in 1945, he was a multi-millionaire. The only encounter Bonanno had with the law during these years was when a clothing factory that he partly owned was charged with violating the Federal Wage and Hour Law. The company was fined $50; Bonanno was only a share holder in the company and was not fined. Government officials would later arrest Bonanno claiming he had lied on his citizenship application by concealing a criminal conviction; the charge was later dismissed in court.
[edit] Personal life
In 1931, two months after Maranzano was murdered, Bonanno was married to Fay Labruzzo. They had three children: Salvatore "Bill" Bonanno, born 1932; Catherine, born 1934; and Joseph Jr., born 1945.
As he prospered, Bonanno bought property in Hempstead, Long Island and moved his family out of Brooklyn. When Bill was ten years old he developed a mastoid infection of his ear that led to his being transferred to a private boarding school in Tucson, Arizona. Bonanno and his wife would visit their son during the winter months. Eventually, Bonanno purchased a house in Tucson.
[edit] Plots and kidnapping
By the mid 1950s, the Commission that had held the peace for so many years was unraveling. Many of the original Dons had been convicted of crimes and either jailed or deported. Vito Genovese and Frank Costello were fighting for control of the Luciano family. Vincent Mangano had mysteriously disappeared and his place as capo had been taken over by Albert Anastasia, one of the most feared men in the syndicate. In October of 1957 Anastasia was gunned down. Then in November the New York State Police raided the infamous Apalachin Meeting in rural Apalachin, New York. Dozens of capos – including Joseph Bonanno – were captured and charged with various crimes. Then in 1963 Joseph Valachi, a soldier in the Genovese family, under indictment for murderering a fellow inmate, broke the code of omertà. Valachi described in detail the organizational structure of the Mafia, unmasked many of the leaders and recalled old feuds and murders. Although none of his testimony led to any actual prosecutions, it was nonetheless devastating to the mob.
After the death of Joseph Profaci, a very good friend of Bonanno and leader of the Profaci crime family, he was succeeded by another good friend of Bonanno's, Joe Magliocco. Soon, Magliocco began to have troubles with the rebellious Joe Gallo and his brothers Larry and Albert, who were now backed by Lucchese and Gambino. Meanwhile, Bonanno was also feeling threatened by Lucchese and Gambino. The two then planned to have Gambino and Lucchese killed, as well as Bonanno's cousin Magaddino and Frank DiSimone in Los Angeles. Magliocco gave the contract to one of his top hit men, Joseph Colombo. However, Colombo betrayed his boss and went instead to Gambino and Lucchese. Gambino called an emergency meeting of the Commission, and quickly realized that Bonanno was the real mastermind.
At Gambino's suggestion, the Commission ordered Magliocco and Bonanno to appear for questioning. Bonanno didn't show up, but Magliocco did and confessed. The Commission imposed a very lenient punishment--a fine of $50,000 and ordering him to hand over leadership of his family to Colombo. One month later, Magliocco was dead from high blood pressure. They intended to let Bonanno off easily as well, wanting to avoid a repeat of the bloodbaths of the 1930s.
Bonanno was already becoming unpopular with other Mafia bosses; Tampa boss Santo Trafficante once said in anger, "He's planting flags all over the world!" Some members of his family also thought he spent too much time away from New York, and more in Canada and Tucson, where he had business interests. After several months with no response from Bonanno, they removed him from power and replaced him with one of his capos, Gaspar DiGregorio. Bonanno, however, would not accept this. This resulted in his family breaking into two groups, the one led by DiGregorio, and the other headed by Bonanno and his son, Salvatore. Newspapers referred to this as "The Banana Split."
Since Bonanno refused to give up his position, the other Commission members felt it was time for drastic action. In October of 1964, Bonanno was allegedly kidnapped by Buffalo Family members, Peter Magaddino and Antonino Magaddino. According to Bonanno, he was held captive in upstate New York by his cousin, Stefano Maggadino. Supposedly Maggadino represented the Commission, and told his cousin that he "took up too much space in the air", a Sicilian proverb for arrogance. After much talk, Bonanno was released. The Commission members believed he would finally retire and relinquish his power. Bonanno's account of events has been disputed based on the FBI recordings of New Jersey Boss Sam "the Plumber" Decavalcante.
[edit] The Banana War
Meanwhile a war had erupted in the Bonanno Family. DiGregorio forces and Bonanno loyalists, led by Salvatore Bonanno, erupted in war when Salvatore retaliated after his father's kidnapping. Eventually, DiGregorio promised a peace meeting on whatever territory Salvatore wanted. It was an ambush. DiGregorio's men opened fire with rifles and automatic weapons on Salvatore and his associates, who were armed only with pistols. The police estimated that over 500 shots were fired but remarkably, no one was hurt. The war lasted for over two years. The Commission originally thought they could win, but when Joseph Bonanno returned, their hopes were dashed. Joseph Bonanno sent out a message to his enemies saying that for every Bonanno loyalist killed, he would retaliate by hitting a caporegime from the other side. The Bonanno loyalists were starting to see victory when Bonanno suffered a heart attack. He decided that he and his son would retire to Tucson, leaving his broken family to Paul Sciacca, who had replaced DiGregorio. The Commission had won.
[edit] Later career in Arizona
Bonanno and his son subsequently moved to Arizona, where he was at one time sent to jail by the FBI to serve time for various charges during his previous stay in that state. In 1983, he wrote his autobiography A Man of Honor. The government seized the opportunity and questioned him about the Commission, hoping to prove its existence. He kept the vow of omertà and answered no questions. Though old and in poor health, he was jailed for nearly a year because of this.
He was never convicted of a serious crime. He was once fined $450 and was also jailed for contempt of court for refusing to answer questions, being released in 1986 after serving fourteen months. Upon retirement, Bonanno was allowed to live in peace in a normal house in Tucson, Arizona with his family. Joseph Bonanno, the last remaining Mafia don who survived Italian fascism, Mustache Petes, and his own bloody war, died Sunday, May 12, 2002 of heart failure at the age of 97.
[edit] In popular culture
- Bonanno is said to have been one of the models for the character "Vito Corleone" in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather. Both Bonanno and Corleone wanted their sons to succeed them, and both allegedly wanted their crime families to stay out of the narcotics rackets (although many of soldiers and associates of Bonanno crime family were dealing in drugs, most known was later Boss of family Carmine Galante).
- The Judge Dredd character Joe Bananas, henchman for Don Uggie Apelino, was named for Bonanno.
- In 1999, the Lifetime TV network produced a biographical film called Bonanno: A Godfather's Story. The film chronicles the rise and fall of organized crime in the United States.
- In 1991, Bonanno's daughter-in-law, Rosalie Profaci Bonanno, published the memoir Mafia Marriage: My Story. This book was eventually converted to the 1993 Lifetime Network film Love, Honor, & Obey: The Last Mafia Marriage.
[edit] References
- Bonanno, Joe (1983). A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno. New York: St Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-97923-1
- Talese, Gay (1971). Honor Thy Father. Cleveland: World Publishing Company. ISBN 0-804-19980-9
| Preceded by Salvatore Maranzano |
Bonanno Crime Family Boss 1931-1968 |
Succeeded by Paul Sciacca |
