Hamburg Atlantic Line
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| Hamburg Atlantic Line German Atlantic Line Hanseatic Tours  |
|
| Originally founded | 1958 |
|---|---|
| Originally defunct | 1973 |
| Re-established | 1991 |
| Defunct | 1997 |
| Fate | Acquisition |
| Successor | Hapag-Lloyd Cruises |
| Location | Hamburg,  West Germany |
| Industry | Ocean liner and cruise ship traffic |
| Key people | Axel Bitsch Christensen, Vernicos Eugenides, Dirk Moldenhauer |
Hamburg Atlantic Line (German: Hamburg Atlantik Linie) was an ocean liner and cruise ship operating company established in Hamburg, West Germany in 1958 by Axel Bitsch Christensen and Vernicos Eugenides, the latter being the adopted son of Home Lines' founder Eugen Eugenides.[1][2] In 1966 the company changed it's name to German Atlantic Line (German: Deutsche Atlantik Linie). Liner services were abandoned in 1969, after which the company's ships concentrated solely on cruising. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, German Atlantic Line closed down in December 1973.[2]
In 1991 Dirk Moldenhauer, the captain of the last German Atlantic Line ship in service, acquired the rights to the Hamburg/German Atlantic Line logo and established Hanseatic Tours which used the same livery and ship names as the German Atlantic Line. In 1997 Hapag-Lloyd acquired Hanseatic Tours, and their operarations were merged to those of Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. The last Hanseatic Tours vessel, MS Hanseatic has retained the Hanseatic Tours livery even in Hapag-Lloyd service.[2]
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[edit] History
[edit] 1958-1966: Hamburg Atlantic Line
Hamburg Atlantic Line was the brainchild of Axel Bitsch Christensen, a Dane who had been living in Hamburg since 1952, who wanted to establish a new company to offer liner service from West Germany to New York. Christensen convinced his friend Vernicos Eugenides, the chairman of Home Lines),[3] to invest 6 million DM in the new company, making it possible for Christensen to raise enough loan to purchase a ship.[1][2] The Hamburg Atlantic acquired their first ship in January 1958 when they purchased the 1930-built SS Empress of Scotland from Canadian Pacific Steamships. After substantial rebuilding, the ship re-emerged as the first SS Hanseatic in June 1958, and was placed in service connecting Cuxhaven, Germany to New York, United States via Le Havre (France), Southampton (United Kingdom) and Cobh (Ireland). During the winter season she was also used for cruising out of New York to the Caribbean.[4] Coinciding with Hamburg Atlantic beginning transatlantic service, Home Lines ceased transatlantic service so that the two companies in which Vernicos Eugenides had large investments in would not compete with each other. After a good year in the transatlantic service in 1959, passenger numbers begun to drop due to competition from air traffic. By 1965 the Hanseatic made only eight round crossings, spending the rest of the year cruising.[2]
Already in 1962 Axel Bitsch Christensen had begun planning for a new ship to replace the Hanseatic. He had trouble securing a loan to fund the newbuilding, but was not discouraged and drew up an unusual plan for gathering funds. A new company, German Atlantic Line, was established. Shares of the new company were offered to past Hamburg Atlantic passengers, and enough funds for the new ships were gathered using this unusual method.[1][2] However, before an order could be placed for the new ship, the Hanseatic caught fire on 6 September 1966 while in New York harbour. There were no casualties, but after the hulk of the ship was towed back to Germany, she was deemed too expensive to repair and was sent to scrappers.[2][4] An order for the new SS Hamburg was placed with Deutsche Werft during the following month, but the company needed another ship to operate until the new ship would be completed.[2]
[edit] 1966-1973: German Atlantic Line
Hamburg Atlantic Line was without a ship from the loss of the first Hanseatic until November 1967, when the three-year-old SS Shalom was purchased from the Israel-based ZIM Lines.[5] By this time the decision was made to abandon the name Hamburg Atlantic Line, and the company began to be marketed as the German Atlantic Line.[2] On 16 December 1967 former Shalom that had been renamed the second SS Hanseatic set on a crossing from Hamburg to New York with invited guests onboard, after which she began making cruises out of New York.[6] In 1968 the German Atlantic Line decided to abandon transatlantic service, concentrating soly on cruising. The Hanseatic did however still cross the Atlantic twice a year on repositioning trips between Europe and America.[2][5]
The new SS Hamburg was delivered to German Atlantic Line on 20 March 1969, entering service on 28 March 1969 with a cruise from Hamburg to South America.[7] She was the first major German-built, German-flagged passenger ship to enter service since 1938.[8] By this time the company was collaborating with Holland America Line, who acted as German Atlantic's agents in North America.[2]
Around the time of the Hamburg's delivery German Atlantic was faced with bad times financially. 75% of their income was made in US dollars, but during the late 60s and early 70s the Deutsche Mark gained value heavily compared to the Dollar. At the same time both crew expenses and fuel prices rose dramatically. Due to the raising expenses the company was forced to seek out a joint venture with Hapag-Lloyd, but nothing came of this.[1] By September 1973 the company's doubts were estimated at 50-70 million DM, and when Home Lines lost their SS Homeric and expressed interest in buying the Hanseatic as a replacement, German Atlantic had no choice but to sell the ship or face bankruptcy.[1][3][6] On 25 September 1973 the Hanseatic was sold and renamed SS Doric.[3][6] On the same date the Hamburg was in turn renamed Hanseatic,[6][7] but at the same time plans were being drawn to sell her to Hapag-Lloyd.[1]
Negotiations about the sale of the third Hanseatic continued with Hapag-Lloyd, as well as a potential buyer from Japan, while debts continued to accumulate. On 1 December 1973 German Atlantic Line was forced to cease operations completely. The Hanseatic was laid up and eventually sold to the Black Sea Shipping Company of the Soviet Union (via an American intermediary) in 1974, becoming their SS Maxim Gorkiy.[1][2][7] The Maxim Gorkiy spent most of her subsequent career under charter to various West German (and after German reunification, German) tour operators.[8]
[edit] 1991-1997: Hanseatic Tours
In 1991 Dirk Moldenhauer - the last captain of the third Hanseatic - purchased the rights to the logo used by Hamburg/German Atlantic Line, as well as the right to use the name "Hanseatic", and founded a new expedition cruise operator Hanseatic Tours.[2] Initially the new company made an agreement to charter the MS Renaissance Five, at the time still under construction, from Renaissance Cruises. Before delivery the ship was renamed MS Hanseatic Renaissance and entered service in Hanseatic Tours colours in May 1991. The Hanseatic Renaissance remained in Hanseatic service until 1992, when she was returned to her owners.[2][9]
On 23 March 1993 Hanseatic Tours chartered the 1991-built MS Society Adventurer and renamed her MS Hanseatic.[10] Although built two years previously, the ship has never seen ctive service as the company that had ordered her went bankrupt before she was completed, and the ship had subsequently been laid up until chartered to Hanseatic Tours.[11] The fourth Hanseatic entered service on 27 March 1997 when she set on a cruise from Hamburg to Sevilla.[10] Hanseatic Tours continued operations with one ship until 1997, when the company was purchased by Hapag-Lloyd, with Dirk Moldenhauer becoming of the chiefs of Hapag-Lloyds cruise operations. Even after entering service with Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, the fourth Hanseatic retained her name and Hanseatic Tours livery.[2]
[edit] Ships
| Ship | Built | In service for HAL/GAL/HT |
Tonnage | Status as of 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS Hanseatic | 1930 | 1958-1966 | 30030 gross register tons (GRT) | Burnt 1966, subsequently scrapped |
| SS Hanseatic | 1964 | 1967-1973 | 25338 GRT | Sunk 2001 |
| SS Hamburg SS Hanseatic |
1969 | 1969-1973 1973 |
25022 GRT | Since 1988 sailing as SS Maxim Gorkiy for Phoenix Reisen. |
| MS Hanseatic Renaissance | 1991 | 1991-1992 | 4280 GRT | Since 2001 sailing as MS Spirit of Oceanus for Cruise West |
| MS Hanseatic | 1991 | 1993-1997 | 8378 GRT | Since 1997 sailing for Hapag-Lloyd. Retains Hanseatic Tours livery. |
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g Thorsten Totzke. Die Hamburg Atlantic Linie (in German). Club TS Hamburg. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ian Boyle. Hamburg Atlantik Line / Deutsche Atlantik Line / Hanseatic Tours. Simplon Postcards. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b c Ian Boyle. Home Lines. Simplon Postcards. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b P J Sharp. Hanseatic. Empress of Scotland: an Illustrated History. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b Reuben Goossens. Israel’s Flagship - SS Shalom. Zim Israel Navigation Co. ssMaritime. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b c d Micke Asklander. T/S Shalom (1964). Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b c Micke Asklander. T/S Hamburg (1969). Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b Ian Boyle. Hamburg - Maxim Gorkiy. Simplon Postcards. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ Micke Asklander. M/S Renaissance Five (1991). Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ a b Micke Asklander. M/S Society Adventurer (1991). Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved on 2008-02-14.
- ^ Ward, Douglas (2006). Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships. Singapore: Berlitz, p. 339. ISBN 981-246-739-4.
