Foshay Tower
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| Foshay Tower | |
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| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
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| Location: | Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1929 |
| Architect: | Magney & Tusler,Inc. |
| Architectural style(s): | Art Deco |
| Added to NRHP: | September 20, 1978 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 78001538 [1] |
| Governing body: | Private |
The Foshay Tower is a skyscraper in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Modeled after the Washington Monument, the building was completed in 1929 in the months before the stock market crash in October of that year. It has 32 floors and stands 447 feet (136m) high, plus an antenna mast that extends the total height of the structure to 607 feet (185m). The building, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, is an example of Art Deco architecture. Its address is 821 Marquette Avenue, although it is set well back from the street and is actually closer to 9th Street than Marquette.
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[edit] Early skyscraper
The building has been credited as "the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi", although some previous structures in Minneapolis were considered by some to be skyscrapers. It still marked a significant landmark in the push skyward, as the tower was the first in the city to surpass the height of Minneapolis City Hall, completed in 1906. Being "west of the Mississippi" is also somewhat vague—it may have been the first building of its height in the upper Midwest, although buildings on the West Coast (such as Seattle's Smith Tower) were as tall or taller. It remained the tallest building in Minneapolis until the IDS Center reached the same height during construction circa 1972. It remains one of the tallest concrete skyscrapers to this day, second only in height to the Empire State Building in New York City.
[edit] Structure and interior
Because the building was designed to echo the Washington Monument, the sides of the building slope slightly inward, and each floor of the Foshay Tower is slightly smaller than the one below it. It is also unusual in that the tower is set back from the street, with a two-story structure surrounding it on the Marquette Avenue and 9th Street sides. The other two sides of the building, facing 8th Street and 2nd Avenue, are now surrounded by the TCF Tower, which rises to seventeen stories on the 2nd Avenue side and entirely obscures the views from the windows of the first seven stories of the Foshay Tower on the 2nd Avenue and 8th Street sides. Internally the building uses steel and reinforced concrete. The exterior is faced with Indiana limestone, while the interior features African Mahogany, Italian marble, terrazzo, gold-plated doorknobs, a silver and gold plated ceiling, ornamental bronze, hand wrought iron and three commissioned busts of George Washington. It cost US$3.75 million to build.
[edit] Dedication
Foshay Tower was the lifelong dream and namesake of Wilbur Foshay, an art student turned businessman who bought and sold utilties companies in order to make his fortune. He planned to locate his business and residence on the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth floors where a three bedroom, three bath suite was built, with a fireplace and library, Italian Siena marble walls and glass-paneled ceilings.[2][3]
Foshay invited 25,000 guests to the dedication ceremony and provided all-expenses paid trips to many who included cabinet members, senators and congressmen. Half nude dancers entertained. Each guest received a gold pocket watch. The military gave 19-gun salutes. John Philip Sousa conducted music, including "Foshay Tower-Washington Memorial March" a march he wrote for the occasion. Foshay presented Sousa with a check for US$20,000.[2]
The march was only played once during Foshay's lifetime. Six weeks after the building's opening, Foshay's corporate empire crumbled as the Great Depression began. Ignominiously, Foshay's check to Sousa bounced, and in retaliation, Sousa prohibited the playing of the march so long as Foshay's debt to him remained outstanding. Foshay never lived in his new home which went into receivership. In 1999, a group of Minnesota investors repaid Foshay's debt to Sousa's estate, and the march was permitted to be played again.
[edit] Magney & Tusler
The Foshay was designed by Léon Eugène Arnal, chief designer for the architects Magney & Tusler, later known as Setter, Leach & Lindstrom, who were acquired by Leo A. Daly in 2003.[4]
The building has the name FOSHAY in 10 foot (3 m) lighted letters on all four sides just below the top. A US patent for this display technique was filed in 1929 by Gottlieb R. Magney, Wilbur Tusler and Arnal and granted in 1931, assigned to the W. B. Foshay Co.[5]
[edit] Later use
In January 1981, the building was wrapped in a huge yellow ribbon during the final days of the Iran hostage crisis. Once the hostages returned to the United States, the ribbon was moved to the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.
The antenna on the roof has been used by different broadcasters, including television stations WTCN (a predecessor to modern-day KARE) and KMSP. Radio station KFAI has been broadcasting from the tower since 1984, but moved their transmission tower to the IDS Center in March 2007, due to the redevelopment plan listed in the Renovation section.
The only Norwegian consulate in the Midwest used to be located in the tower. It moved to the AT&T Tower in Minneapolis on March 9, 2007.[1]
[edit] Conversion to W Minneapolis
On September 4, 2006, it was reported that developers Ralph W. Burnet and Minneapolis-based Ryan Companies would spend as much as $90 million to convert the 32-story office tower into a 230-room W Hotel, and will evict all current occupants of the building [2], save for Keys Cafe on the first floor.
As of February 17, 2008, renovation of the tower's interiors is in full swing. All office barriers on the upper floors have been demolished and removed, making way for room walls to be built. Workers are currently installing carpeting and plumbing fixtures in the hotel rooms.
Once the tower opens, it will sport Minneapolis' only observation deck, which will also have an outdoor bar. Wilbur Foshay's former boardroom at the top of the tower will be turned into a destination sky bar.
A unique finding occurred at the tower when workers were replacing the ceiling in the hotel's lobby. When the lobby ceiling was removed, they discovered the room's original ceiling, complete with intricate engravings and embossed with various logos. However, due to past renovation work and age, the ceiling had deteriorated and was badly damaged. It has been reported that workers are currently in the process of restoring the original ceiling at the behest of the National Register of Historic Places, a process which will take a total of four months alone.[6]
The opening of W Minneapolis, part of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide is currently scheduled for July 28, 2008.
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2006-03-15).
- ^ a b Douglas, George H. (2004). Skyscrapers: A Social History Of The Very Tall Building In America. McFarland & Company, 236-238. ISBN 0786420308. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
- ^ Buzenberg, Bill (2000-02-01). Mr. Foshay's Legend. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
- ^ Leon Arnal Papers. Northwest Architectural Archives, University of Minnesota. and Magney & Tusler. Emporis. and Setter, Leach & Lindstrom. Emporis. and Famous Architects Active Locally: Magney & Tusler. Consolidated Diversions. and Minneapolis. Leo A Daly. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
- ^ Gottlieb R. Magney, Wilbur H. Tusler and Leon E. Arnal, assigned to W. B. Foshay Co., of Minneapolis, Minnesota (granted 1931-05-26, filed 1929-02-01). Display Device for Buildings (US patent 1806634). Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
- ^ Feyder, Susan (2008-02-17). Foshay's Rebirth. Star Tribune. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
- Bill Buzenberg (February 1, 2000). Mr. Foshay's Legend. Minnesota Public Radio.
- Foshay Tower. SkyscraperPage.com
- Foshay Tower. Minnesota Historical Society.
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| Preceded by Minneapolis City Hall |
Tallest Building in Minneapolis 1929—1973 137m |
Succeeded by IDS Tower |
